THE DUKES FAMILY OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA LOW COUNTRY

Duke(s) Families of the South Carolina Low Country
Notes by Lynn Shuler Teague, April 2005
This document is copyright (c) 2005 by Tony Cox. All rights reserved. The copyright must appear on all copies
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Notes on Dugue and Duke Families in the Charleston SC Area

The notes that follow review various early individuals named DuGué, Dugue and Duke who have been recorded in the Charleston, SC, and Kingston, Jamaica, areas. The research began with attempts to identify the parentage of Joseph Duke (later “Dukes”) of Orangeburgh (later Orangeburg) County, SC. Summaries of associated families are also provided.

It has been documented that William Duke who traveled to Charles Towne in 1679 from Barbados.^¹ This is the earliest appearance of the Duke name in the lowcountry, and has led some (for example, South Carolina historian Alexander Salley, Jr.^²) to propose that the Orangeburg County Dukes family, and presumably others of the surname Duke in early South Carolina, descended from this William Duke. There is no evidence to support this claim.

William Duke obtained a ticket to sail for Charles Towne, South Carolina, from Bridgetown, Barbados, on the Adventure (Captain Daniel Ridley) on 7 Apr 1679.^³ He was the son of Henry Duke of Barbados.^⁴ No records of this individual have been found in South Carolina, not in land records, parish records, or other documents. The Duke family of Barbados was affluent, well educated, and politically active. It is extremely unlikely that an individual of this sort would go unnoticed and undocumented for any length of time in early Charleston. If he did travel to Charleston, he either died or proceeded elsewhere without leaving descendants or making any local impact.

Years of documentary research and, more recently, the results of yDNA testing of many Duke individuals throughout the southern United States have made it clear that no direct tie could be established between any of the known Duke families of English descent in the Southeast and Joseph Dukes of Orangeburg. Therefore, a wider review was begun.

Most of the people around Joseph who were not Swiss were from the Charleston area. (The possibility that Joseph was Swiss has been thoroughly researched and rejected.) A reference to the “Duque” family of Charleston led to “Dugue” and “DuGué” and a network of families that were closely associated with both Joseph Dukes and other individuals named “Duke” in the South Carolina lowcountry. With the Jamaican data on the Dugue family, a transition in the surname from DuGué to Dugue to Duke can be shown. The earliest appearance of the surname Duke was in 1718 (for an individual clearly documented a few years earlier as a Huguenot Dugue), while the last known instance of the use of the spelling “Dugue” in Charleston was in 1766.

The result is documentation of a family history with an unusual twist. Normally the women of a family are the most difficult to trace. In this case, the women of the Dugue family married in South Carolina and their descendants have been amply documented for many years. The two sons of Jaques DuGué who survived to have sons of their own, on the other hand, lived for many years in Jamaica, and when the sons returned to South Carolina all but one did so under the name Duke rather than Dugue. The one who used the spelling “Dugue” on his return did so in a memorial re-establishing claim to a family property that had been previously documented under that spelling. Thus only one author has been found who recognized that the early Duke family of South Carolina was of Huguenot descent, Gaillard, in his inventory of South Carolina grants to Huguenots.^⁵

The family lines of Peter and Isaac Dugue are of particular interest, but the following summary presents information on everyone who has been identified under the names DuGué, Dugue, or Duke in Charleston and surrounding areas, as well as the Kingston, Jamaica, area in order to present as complete as possible a picture of the evolution of the local families. Following that review, there are summaries of information on other families that were closely associated with the Dugue/Dukes, often under both spellings of the surname.

DuGué Family of Charleston

The DuGué family appears in both the St. Julien and Gaillard lists of Huguenot settlers in South Carolina.

15. PIERRE DUGUÉ, Isaac Dugue, son frère, et Élizabeth Dugué, leur sæur, néz à Bésance en Bery, enfans de Jacques Dugué et d'Élizabet Dupuy.

DuGué Family Summaries

The DuGué family and its connections are discussed by St. Julien Childs in his history of the Petit-Guérard Colony, which immigrated in 1679/80.^⁶ Childs reports that Jacques DuGué and his families were later 1685 settlers, but were associated with the families in the earlier Petit-Guérard group. Jacques DuGué first married Judith Soupzmain, Soubmain, or Soumin, and second Elizabeth de Puy. His son, James, married Marianne Fleury de la Plaine, born in Paris and daughter of Abraham Fleury de la Plaine. They were among the settlers on the Richmond. By 17 Jan 1695/96 Marianne DuGué was a widow with one child born in South Carolina, Jacques DuGué II having died. She remarried to Peter Bacot, and her daughter Marianne married Tobias Fitch.

A 1953 article by the Rev. Paul Trapier expands upon and clarifies some of these relationships.^⁷ According to Trapier, Jacques Dugué escaped to England by 17 Apr 1685, when he purchased 500 acres of land in South Carolina. He was there at his land on New Town (Newtown) Creek in the same year. His wife, Elizabeth DuPuy DuGué, is said to have been a fugitive and was concealed in a hogshead marked “Poterie” and then conveyed on board the vessel in which she reached America. Trapier identifies the oldest children – Jacques (who predeceased him), Judith, and Marie, as son of DuGué’s first wife, Judith Soumin. The others – Pierre, Isaac, and Elizabeth – he identifies as children of Elizabeth DuPuy DuGué. Trapier confirms that Elizabeth married Paul Trapier (great grandfather of the author), Judith married Samuel DuBourdieu, and Mary married James Du Bosc (Dubose). The five oldest children were born in Bésance in Berri.

Excerpts from Rev. Trapier’s diary indicate that Paul Trapier, son of Paul Trapier and Elizabeth DuGué, married Magdalen Horry. Their son Paul married Elizabeth Foissin.^⁸

Another survey of the DuGué family is given by Gourdin in her history of the Chardon family.^⁹ She states that DuGué’s first land was on James Island, but he was soon acquiring town lots in Charleston. He paid for a 500 acre tract on the northwest side of New Town Creek on James Island on 31 Mar 1683, but the warrant is dated 14 Apr 1685. She also states that his son James may have gone to Goose Creek after marrying Marianne Fleury (but see the later discussion of questions about James DuGué of Goose Creek). In 1695 a James DuGué witnessed the will of Anthoine Prudhomme, dated July 1695, along with “Prioleau, de la Plaine, Boisseau, I. Fleury, Elié Horry, and Porcher.” She notes that his daughter Marianne married Pierre Bacot Jr., of Goose Creek.

Gourdin observes that “Some are unhappy about not finding the two Jacques Dugués in the St. Julien Liste,” which is a list of émigrés recorded as requesting naturalization about 1694 or 1695 or 1696. She states that by 1696 the two Jacques Dugués had “sailed here, settled here, been buried here, and no longer cared about this world’s laws.” She discusses the well-documented settlement of the Jacques DuGué I estate and its record of the disposition of his Charleston town lots as evidence of the children of Jacques DuGué Sr. She also indicates that Isaac and Peter were “later shipwrights in Jamaica.” No citation is provided for this information in Child’s article, but recent research in Jamaican parish registers has now established the outlines of the history of the family there.

Jacques (James) DuGué

DuGué appears in some records as Jacques and in some as the Anglicized version, James.

It was recorded that “ . . . On April 14, 1685, James Dugue bought 500 acres in London for œ25.38 A day later Isaac Lejay and Magdalen Fleury (alias Lejay) his wife, bought 500 acres, at the same price.”^¹⁰ (By 1757 a portion of this property was sold by Thomas Rivers, Jr. of St. Andrews Parish to George Sheed, after passing through several conveyances since the original grant to Jacques DuGué.^¹¹)

In 1692 a Dugue, possibly Jacques, was among those attempting to get political rights for the Huguenots:^¹³

The French, as far as we know, made no demonstrative fight for their rights before 1692-3 . . . In this their first significant effort to secure their rights they chose seven leading Huguenots to champion their cause and plead their case before the proprietors. They were the Rev. Francis Trouillard, Minister of the Charles Town Huguenot church, MM. Buretal, Serrurier and Couran, Elders in the same church and MM. DeVervant, DeLisle, Cramah‚ and Dugu‚ prominent Huguenot business men and planters in and about Charles Town.

Description: DRAYTON, THOMAS, TO JAMES DUQUE, CONVEYANCE FOR 200 ACRES ON TOWN CREEK.

Those who eventually had land on Newtown Creek, James Island, include Peter and John Hearn, Thomas Drayton, William Heyward, James Scriven, Thomas Bennet, William Bull, and John Jones.

Regarding town lots, there are discrepancies between the South Carolina Department of Archives and History listings and Smith’s review of early Charleston settlers.

Description: DUQUE, JAMES SR., ABSTRACT OF LAND GRANT FOR 1 TOWN LOT IN CHARLES TOWN.

Description: DUEQUE, JAMES SR., ABSTRACT OF LAND GRANT FOR 1 TOWN LOT IN CHARLES TOWN.

The town lots granted to the DuGué family according to Smith’s article on the earliest settlers of Charleston were:^¹⁴

Since both lots #165 and #186 were included in the settlement of the estate of Jacques DuGué it is clear that it is the SCDAH record that is correct.

“Mr. Duque” is found in the following record; related documents place the time as about 1695:^¹⁵

Particulars: of goods and sums of money Mr. Girard has assigned to Mr. Edmund Medlicott for stock of £400 put in hands of said Girard to trade and merchandise within partnership. Mr. Edmond Dundon, Mrs. Dundon his wife, Mr. William Nowell, Mr. Noble, Mr. Duque and others, 1/8 part brigantine that Mr. Turquett and Mr. Marian are building. Mr. Medlicott, Mr. John Reeves, Capt. James Moore, Mr. Hatchman, Mr. Froman [Amounting to £400 7s 1 ½.]

Thus Dugue involvement in Charleston’s lively shipping trade dates from at least as early as 1696, and appears to mark the beginning of a multi-generational involvement in shipping. The individual listed could be Jacques DuGué I or II, or Peter DuGué. Isaac DuGué was a minor in 1696.

In 1703 William Carlisle, tanner, recorded the various sales of a 100 acre grant originally made to John Ellis and later owned by James Dugue, merchant. The property is described as follows:^¹⁷

“Part of a tract of 500 acres situate on S side Newtown Creek bounding N on said creek, S on land not laid out, E on land of Thomas Drayton, W on William Hatten which 100 acres was granted to John Ellis, planter, by Lords Proprs. As appears on grant dated 5 Oct. 1681, said land conveyed by Ellis to Peter and Mary Dumoulin, then conveyed to James Green and by said Green to Lydia Green his wife and by her sold to James Varin, by said Varin to Susan his wife and by her to Jacob Varin, his eldest son, by him to James Dugue, by Dugue to William Carlisle, all conveyances may appear by several deeds . . . Signed: Wm. Carlile, Wit: Joseph Elicott, Jno. Ward. D: 23 July 1703.

The provisions of the settlement of the estate of Jacques DuGué document his surviving family:^¹⁸

October 27, 1696, Peter DuGué, son and sole executor of the last will and testament of James Dugue, Sr., deceased, Samuel DuBourdieu and Judith, his wife, James DuBose and Mary, his wife, and Marianna DuGué, widow and relict of James DuGué, Jr., on behalf of her daughter, Marianna DuGué, arranged a dvision of the property of James DuGué, Sr., reciting that the said James DuGué, Sr., by his will, made May 28, 1696, bequethed to his five children therein named and to his granddaughter, Marianna Dugue, all of his real and personal estate to be equally divided among them; that all of the said property that had come to the knowledge of said legatees had been divided into six pats, whereof Peter DuGué, in his own right and also as trustee in right of his brother, Isaac, and sister, Elizabeth; Samuel DuBourdien and James DuBose, in right of their wives, and Marianna DuGué, widow, in right of her daughter, Marianna DuGué, severally took their several parts of the same, Peter Dugue taking the plantation upon New Town Creek, James’s Island, two town lots in Charles Town, numbered 165 and 186, a negro boy and £2.5.10 sterling; Peter taking for Isaac and Elizabeth part of a town lot in Charles Town, on Broad Street, which James DuGué purchased of James DeBourdeaux, blacksmith, together with the buildings thereon, and £a4. 12. 4; James and Mary DuBose taking a negro man, a negro woman, a negro boy; James and Mary DuBose receiving the use of two lots in Charles Town, numbers 70 and 98, for two years and six months; then delivering possession of them up to Marrianna DuGué for the use of her daughter, Marianna; Marianna DuGué taking for her daughter the use of lots in Charles Town for two years and six months, one of the lots being on Church Street, numbered 70, granted to Arthur Middleton, and having been purchased by James DuGué from Robert Skelton, cordwinder, the other granted to James DuGué, and numbered 98, the said lots to become the property, at the expiration of the time, of the younger Marianna DuGué; Samuel and Judith DuBordieu also to receive £54. 8 6 in goods of said estate. Witness: Antoine Couran, Isaac Callabeuf, Jonathon Amory and Anthony Cordes. Signature of Marianna DuGué witnessed by Boisseau, John Marriner and John Filbein. Proved before James Moore, November 9, 1696, and before James LeBas, January 22, 1696-7. Witness: Charles Odinsells, Dep. Sec. (Pages 286 and 247).

The original grants to DuGué included three town lots; only two of those are accounted for in the above settlement and one may have been sold, or previously given to one of Jacques DuGué’s children. The Broad St. lots that were granted to James DuBourdeaux, one of them presumably inherited by Isaac and Elizabeth Dugue, were numbers 161 and 162, located west of King St.

A judgement followed (one lot is erroneously transcribed as #90 in some sources):^¹⁹

Judgement: that the said Mary Anna Du Gue, widow, for use of her sister [daughter] Mary Anna Du Gue by her husband James Du Gue, Jr., to keep in her possession the expiration of 2 years 7 mos. From date here of 2 town lots in Charles Towne in st. that leads from French Church to White Point, one of which #70 was purchased by James DuGué, Sr., from Robert Skelton, cordwainer, the other lot was granted to said Du Gue and known by #98, which 2 lots with buildings thereon belonging to Mary Anna DuGué, dau. Of said James Du Gue, Jr., is to hold her share of real estate, and her mother Mary Ann Du Gue, widow, paying to Samuel Du Bourdien £5 2s 10 p stg., and that the said Samuel and Judith Du Bourdien shall receive of said Du Bose £5 3s 10p stg., . . . . Estate of James Du Gue, Sr., as in aforementioned will, in witness whereof the parties have set their hands and seals. Signed, Jacques Dubose, Marie Dubose, S. Dubourdien, Judith Dubourdien, Mariane Dugue. Wit: Anthoine Louran, Isaac Caillabeuf, Johnathan Amory, Anthony Cordes. D: nd.

Memorandum: Mad. Mariane Dugue, widow, sealed and delivered the above indenture in presence of: - J. Boissean, John Maverick, John ffilbein.

Personally: appeared before me John Boissian, Mr. John Maverick and John Filbein and made oath they did see Mrs. Marianne Dugue sign. Wit: Jos. Moore. D: 9 Nov. 1696.

Personally: appeared before me James Lebass, one of his Majesty’s Justices of Peace for Berkeley County, Anthony Bouran, Anthony Cordes and Isaac Cailabeuf and made oath that they did see Mrs. Judith Dubourdien, Mr. Samuel Dubourdien, James Dubose and Marie Dubose sign within act in Charles Towne. Wit: James Le Bars. D: 23 Nov. 1696. R: 22 Mar 1696/7. P. 231

Indenture: between Peter Dugue, son, sole exor. Of estate of James DuGué, Sr., dec., of 1^st part and Samuel Du Bourdieu, Esq., and Judith his wife, James DuBose and Mary his wife and Marynna DuGué, widow and relict of James Dugue, Jr., on behalf of her dau. Marry Anna DuGué, on the other part. Whereas said James DuGué, Sr., the 28^th of May 1696 made his will and did bequeath to his 5 children and his granddau. Mary Anna DuyGue, all his estate equally divided. And Whereas estate of said DuGué, Sr., has been valued at £403 18s 10 p by inventory as annexed, is divided into 7 parts where said Peter DuGué, on his right and as trustee in right of his brother Isaac and sister Elizabeth DuGué, Samuel Du Bourdieu and James DuBose in right of their wives and Marynna DuGué, widow in right of her dau. Mary Anna DuGué, do acknowledge receipts and possession of signing these presents. Now this indenture witnesseth that Peter DuGué that the plantation lands and houses which belonged to his father on New Town Creek, James Island, 2 lots in Charles Town #165 and #186, 1 Negro boy, and for the use of his brother Isaac and sister Elizabeth DuGué purchased of James De Bourdeaux, blacksmith, with houses and buildings and £4 12s 4 p for their part of estate, and James and Mary DuBose shall keep 1 Negro man and woman, 1 boy valued at £70 and 2 town lots in Charles Town #70 and #98 for term of 2 years and 7 mos., and keeping houses and fences in good repair, and at experation of said time deliver to Maryanna DuGué, widow, possession . . . p. 270

John Maverick, one of the witnesses of Mrs. Dugue’s signature was one of the first settlers on Newtown Creek (site of Jacques DuGué's first grant) when the abortive James Town settlement was established. They were from Massachusetts originally, but John had proceeded on to Barbados and traveled to South Carolina from that island. The Mavericks later reappear in the will of Joan Watkins Duke of Christ Church Parish. Others among the early James Island settlers who have continuing associations with the Dugue and Duke families were Peter Herne (Hearn, not to be confused with the Hyrnes, a separate family) and his wife Mary. Their descendant John Hearn later was the earliest settler in the Orangeburg vicinity. John Watkins was in the southeast corner of the island; he was ancestor of Joan Watkins who married William Duke of Christ Church Parish. Peter and Elizabeth Davis were also on James Island; their descendant David Davis’ wife, Ann Davis, was much later a witness to the will of Joan Duke of Christ Church Parish.^²¹

John Lebert of Charles Towne, merchant, moved to be granted Letters of Admin. Of estate of James Dugue as principal creditor; Mrs. Dugay and James Duguey agreed 17 Jan 1696/7.^²²

The Records of the Secretary for the Province show the following regarding the estate of James Dugue:^²³

January 18, 1695-6, John Lebas, Henry Le Noble and Peter Guerard executed their bond to Governor Archdale for Lebas’s faithful performance of his trust as administrator of the estate of James Dugue, late of Charles Town, deceased. Witness: Charles Odingsells (Page 231).

Virginia Gourdin has suggested that Lebas (Lebert or LeBas) might have been a business partner of Jacques DuGué.^²⁴ This is probably true. Aside from his important role as administrator of the estate of Jacques DuGué, he witnessed legal documents while in Jamaica relating to the estate of Susanna Barker, suggesting that he too was involved in Jamaican trade.^²⁵ When lands opened up in Amelia Township in the 1730’s, James Le Bas was among those acquiring grants, in close proximity to Peter Fauré, Joseph Barker, and others from Charleston.

Henry Le Noble, who provided bond for the estate of Jacques DuGué, later owned land on Biggins Creek (where Le Bas also had land) bought from Thomas Ferguson (S111001 Vol. 0005 Page 00087 Item 00 Date 1733/04/06).

James Dugue II

James Dugue Jr. emigrated with his family and married Marianne Fleury de la Plaine, daughter of Abraham Fleury de la Plaine. She was born in Paris. James’ father’s estate settlement papers document his death before that of his father.

7. ABRAHAM FLEURY, De la Pleine, né à Tours, fils de Charles Fleury, et de Madeleine Soupzmain. Marianne Fleury, sa fille, veuve de Jacques Dugué, née à Paris, et Marianne Dugué, fille du défunct Jacques Dugué, et du dit Marianne Fleury, née en Caroline.

This family immigrated as part of the Petit-Guérard Colony.^²⁶ The Fauré (Fouri) family was also among the settlers in this group, and is later associated with the Duke family of Orangeburg County, SC.

After his death the widow of James Dugue II remarried, to Peter Bacot, Jr. The listing for the Bacot family in the St. Julien List is as follows:

22. PIERRE BACOT, né à Tours, fils de Pierre Bacot et de Jeanne Moreau. Jacquine Mercier, sa femme. Pierre et Daniel Bacot, frères, leurs fils, néz en France, et Élizabeth Bacot, leur fille, née en Caroline.

The will of Peter Bacot of Berekeley County, SC, in the next generation, mentions his wife Mary [Perroneau] Bacot, sons Samuel and Peter, daughters Mary and Elizabeth, friend Tobias Fitch, sister-in-law Elizabeth Peronneau. He named Gideon Faucharode and Tobias Fitch executors and wife Mary Bacot executrix “during her widowhood and no longer.”^²⁷ Tobias Fitch married Marianne, daughter of James Dugue II and Marianne Fleury de la Plane Dugue.

Marrianne DuGué Fitch and Tobias Fitch

Tobias Fitch was a son of Jonathan Fitch, and was a member of the Assembly in 1726.

Tobias Fitch’s father, Jonathan Fitch, had very substantial land grants at Spoons Savannah,^²⁸ This was also the location of substantial Pendarvis family land holdings; the Pendarvis family was later in Orangeburgh District. Jonathan Fitch was involved in Indian affairs.^²⁹ Jonathan Fitch and Thomas Rose of Accabee built the St. Andrews Parish church.^³⁰

The Colonial Writs of Partition document that James Fitch married Ann Rose, daughter of that Thomas Rose, and also show that the Fitch family owned land on the Ashley River adjacent lands owned by the Pendarvis family, as they did at Spoons.^³¹ Thomas Ferguson, listed among those to carry out the partition, married Anne Wragg, great-granddaughter of James Dubose and Marie DuGué Dubose.

Mary Fitch, daughter of Tobias and Marianne Fitch, married Thomas Livingston in 1747.^³²

In 1718/19 Tobias Fitch provided bond for the estate of Daniel Dean, along with estate administrator Nathaniel Snow, brother of John Snow whose will Thomas Goodman Duke of St. Thomas and St. Denis witnessed thirty years later.^³³ James Dubose, husband of Marie Dugue, is also mentioned in an estate settlement with Nathaniel Snow.^³⁴

In July 1720 “Tobias Fitch, planter, & Marianne, his wife, daughter of James Dugue, Jr.. & of Dame Marian Henry his wife & granddaughter of James Dugue, Sr.” sold to Andrew Dupuy of Charleston the southern half of Lot #70 in Charleston.^³⁵ The northern half of this lot apparently was retained by the Fitch family, and is then listed in a memorial by James Dugue in 1732.

In 1721 Tobias Fitch had a town lot adjacent Peter Manigault, Richard Beresford (previously Jackson) and others.^³⁶

In 1722 Jonathan and Tobias Fitch were involved in several land transactions that were witnessed by Garratt Vanvelsin.^³⁷ A Vanvelsin was a witness for the wedding of Robert Duke a little more than a decade later. In 1723 John Laurens, later the beneficiary of the will of Nicholas Duke, Royal Navy mariner, also witnessed a Tobias Fitch land transaction.^³⁸

The children of Tobias and Marianne Fitch have been reported as Stephen, Mary, John, Jonathan, and Ann.

The Giessendanner Book of Record for the parish centered in Orangeburgh shows that John Fitch married Ann Holmes 16 Jan 1748/49 in Orangeburgh County. William Clement and Samuel Pickings were listed as witnesses (http://www.xs4all.nl/~sail/orange/17490116.html). SCDAH records show that Clement was from St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, home of many of the Huguenot families including the Faurés of Orangeburg. The Mills Atlas of South Carolina of 1825 shows Clement family holdings near Willtown on the Edisto, and therefore near the Fitch family lands at Spoons and near the Ash family lands.

Description: FITCH, TOBIAS TO WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, MORTGAGE OF 12 NEGROES AS FURTHUR SECURITY OF A BOND FOR 47,000 WEIGHT RICE.

In 1732 Tobias Fitch was involved in a land transaction for the benefit of the Peter Bacot family. Fitch’s mother-in-law Maryanne Dugue married Peter Bacot after the death of James Dugue II, and the individuals listed are children of Bacot and Marie Peronneau, whom he married in 1716.

Description: FITCH, CAPT. TOBIAS, PLAT FOR 541 ACRES OF LAND IN BERKLEY COUNTY FOR THE USE OF SAMUEL BACOT, PETER BACOT, MARY BACOT AND ELIZABETH BACOT.

Names Indexed: FITCH, TOBIAS/GIBS/BACOT, SAMUEL/BACOT, PETER/BACOT, MARY/BACOT, ELIZABETH/BACOT, PETER SR./ST. JOHN, JAMES/STEVENS, JOHN/

Description: FITCH, CAPT. TOBIAS, PLAT FOR 1,783 ACRES OF LAND IN BERKLEY COUNTY.

It is further documented that in 1738 Tobias Fitch owned land on Four Hole Swamp, Colleton County, near Capt. Goodbey and Gideon Dupont.^⁴⁰

Tobias Fitch was associated with the Tucker family, which was later at Cattle Creek in Orangeburgh District with the family of Joseph Dukes. John Tucker witnessed a land transaction between Jonathan and Tobias Fitch in 1715:^⁴¹

I, Jonathan Fitch of Berkeley County, Carolina, planter, agree to and with Tobias Fitch; I, Jonathan Fitch, for £2,000 c.m. paid to me by Tobias Fitch of said county do sell to Tobias Fitch that tract or tracts of land where my father Jonathan Fitch, last lived being on N side Ashley River as shown on plats to which is annexed the Lords. Proprs. grant; Furthermore I do agree to Tobias Fitch and his heirs shall peaceably occupy and enjoy said premises without any manner of molestation by me or any of my heirs, the quit rent reserved and payable to Lords Proprs . . . . Signed Jonathan Fitch. Wit: John Tocker, Elias Clifford. D: 2 Aprl. 1715.

Memorandum: peaceable possession of the within granted premises was taken by Jonthan Fitch, grantor, and like possession was delivered to Tobias Fitch according to law. Wit: [same]. D: 2 Apr. 1715.

Memorandum: came before me Elizas Clifford who swore that he did see Jonathan Fitch sign within Bill of Sale to within mentioned Tobias Fitch, and also John Toker did witness same. Signed: Robt. Daniell. D: 28 Apr 1716. R: 1 May 1716. P. 303.

Tobias Fitch is listed in the South Carolina jury lists as a petit juror in St. Paul’s Parish in 1720 and as a grand and petit juror in St. James Goose Creek in 1731.

Judith Dugue DuBourdieu and Samuel DuBourdieu

Articles of marriage for Judith DuGué, daughter of Jacques DuGué, and Samuel Dubourdie, are as follows:^⁴²

Jacques Du Gue, merchant; late wife Judith Soumin; dau. Judith; dau’s intended spouse Samuel Dubourdie, Esq.: Articles of Marriage: between Judith du Gue and Samuel Dubourdie; inventory will be made after said du Gue’s death, and Samuel Dubourdie will receive such share as he pleases; for estate left at Vishe in Britanny, Province of France that Dubourdie gives Judith Du Gue 1/3 part; Dubourdie received £15 from his former wife for benefit of his child; all inheritance by said Judith to go to children of intended marriage, all left her in American and in France. Signed: J. Dugue, Samuel Dubourdieu, Judith Dugue. Wit: ____ Dubos, ____ Du bose, ___eth Du Gue, Jean de Ffarcy, Suzanne Margeuritte De Farcy, Anthoine Bourau, P. la ssalle. D: 10 Sept 1690.

57. SAMUEL DU BOURDIEU, Escuyer, né à Vitré en Bretagne fils d'Olivier Du Bourdieu et de Marie Genne. Judith Dugué, sa femme. Louis Philipe Du Bourdieu, fils du dit Samuel Du Bourdieu et de Louise Thoury, né en Caroline. Samuel Du Bourdieu, fils du susdit et de la ditte Judith Dugué, né en Caroline.

Marie Dugue Dubose and James Dubose

Marie Dugue married James Dubose. He was the son of Andrea Dubose and Marie de Stoade.^⁴³ This is the St. Julien List summary of some of the immigrants from this family:

72. ISAAC DUBOSC, fils de Louis Dubosc et d'Anne Dubosc, de Dieppe en Normandie, Susane Dubosc, sa femme, fille de Pierre Couillandeau, et de Susane Couillandeau, native de la Tramblade en Xaintonge.

A daughter of James Dubose and Marie Dugue, Judith, married Joseph Wragg, to whom Peter Dugue gave power-of-attorney to collect debts in South Carolina in 1718.

The Wraggs had a legal dispute with Jonathan Fitch regarding collection of a debt:

Description: WRAGG, SAMUELL, JOSEPH WRAGG AND JOB ROTHMAHLER VS JONATHAN FITCH, JUDGMENT ROLL.

Names Indexed: WRAGG, SAMUELL//WRAGG, JOSEPH//ROTHMAHLER, JOB/FITCH, JONATHAN/

James Dubose was owed money by Robert Wetherick of New England at the time of Wetherick’s death. Wetherick’s death occurred in the house of surgeon Nathaniel Snow in September 1700.^⁴⁴ Nathaniel Snow was the brother of John Snow, whose will later was witnessed by Thomas Goodman Duke. Both Snows married Poitevans, thus linking themselves to the Huguenot community.

Joseph Wragg is also mentioned as an adjacent landowner in a 1733 land title that refers to Peter Dugue (see below). Wragg acquired many land grants throughout South Carolina, which are documented in the colonial grants at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

In 1741 Joseph Wragg and Richard Lambton sued John Hearn.^⁴⁵ The cause appears to be a routine debt. Hearn was from James Island, and was the earliest settler at Orangeburg Township, arriving several years before establishment of the township as a Swiss settlement.

Peter Dugue

Peter Dugue, son of Jacques DuGué and his first wife Judith Soumin, was documented in the St. Julien List of Huguenots seeking naturalization in South Carolina in about 1696:

15. PIERRE DUGUÉ, Isaac Dugue, son frère, et Élizabeth Dugué, leur sæur, néz à Bésance en Bery, enfans de Jacques Dugué et d'Élizabet Dupuy.

Peter Dugue was the second oldest son of Jacques DuGué, an adult in 1696 and administrator of his father’s estate following the death of his older brother, James.^⁴⁶ Since he was an adult in 1696, he was born no later than 1675. Peter’s share of his father’s estate was the plantation (Jacques DuGués’ original 500 acre grant) on New Town Creek, James’s Island, SC; two town lots in Charles Town, SC, numbered 165 and 186; a negro boy and £2.5.10 sterling.

Peter moved to Jamaica sometime during or before 1706. References to his family there are found primarily in the register of St. Andrew’s Parish, Jamaica, which includes the town and port of Kingston.^⁴⁷

Walter “Dugou” (listed as Dugue in the register index) who died in St. Andrews in 1706 was almost certainly a child of Peter. This suggests that Peter had married and had children before his marriage to Dorothy in St. Andrew’s Parish, Jamaica. To have been an adult at the time that his father Jacques DuGué’s estate was settled in 1696, Peter was at least 31 years old in 1706, and could easily have married earlier and had children with his first wife. His brother Isaac Dugue, on the other hand, was a minor in 1696, a bit older than his sister born in about 1685, and was probably no more than about 22-25 years old in 1706, fairly young to have an existing family.

The following references from the Kingston Parish, Jamaica, Register^⁴⁸ also appear to refer to Peter’s family, and document two additional children, who died in 1723:

Peter and his brother Isaac were both in Jamaica at this time and either could presumably have been father of some of these children. However, a son of one of them, named James Dugue, filed a memorial for family land in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1733.^⁴⁹ This was property that had originally been granted to Arthur Middleton and was purchased from Robert Skelton, cordwainer, by Jacques DuGué. This adult James Dugue in Charleston in 1733 could not have been the son of Peter, who was born in 1720l, and so must have been a son of Isaac. By process of elimination, then, the James Dugay who died in 1722 was Peter’s son, only two years old. The other two, Thomas and William, were likely sons of Peter as well. Kingston was immediately adjacent to St. Andrews Parish, where Peter and his family lived.

This rapid succession of deaths may be attributable to the hurricane of 28 Aug 1722, one of the worst ever to hit Jamaica, with terrible loss of both life and property, and the earthquake the same year, which caused additional damage. Such events are often followed by the rapid spread of infectious disease, malnutrition, and other threats to human life, especially that of children. There was also a rebellion in Jamaica in 1722. It was not a healthy environment.

The listing of the burials in the Kingston Parish (the narrow slip of land extending partially across the harbor at Kingston, defined as a separate paris in 1693), which was not the usual family parish, suggests that the family may have lost their home in adjacent St. Andrew’s Parish as a consequence of the storm. As a shipbuilder, it is also very likely that Peter lost everything in his business, unless he had a ship at sea out of harm’s way at the time of the storm.

There is evidence that Peter continued business interests in South Carolina long after he established his family in Jamaica. In 1718 Peter provided his power of attorney to Joseph Wragg of South Carolina to recover debts owed to him in South Carolina:

Description: DUGUE, PETER TO JOSEPH WRAGG, POWER OF ATTORNEY TO RECOVER DEBTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA.

Joseph Wragg married Peter’s niece, Judith Dubose, daughter of James Dubose and Marie DuGué. Wragg became a very successful businessman in the Georgetown, SC, area. Among the business interests that Peter retained in South Carolina was the property that he inherited from his father.

On 27 and 28 Feb 1726 a deed by Richard Grimston for lot #229 in Charleston lists N on Mr. Dugue, E on John Hill, W on Thomas Rose.^⁵⁰ This shows that Peter Dugue retained ownership of Lot #186, on King Street between Broad and Tradd, which he had inherited from his father in 1696.

A memorial for Lawrence Dennis dated 1733 for property on the south side of Newtown Creek on James Island in South Carolina identifies Peter Dugue as an adjacent landowner on the east side in that year. The original document has been examined by the author and a staff archivist at the South Carolina Department of Archives` and History and clearly refers to him as a contemporary, not a past, landowner. This also was land that Peter inherited from his father in 1696.

Description: DENNIS, LAWRENCE, MEMORIAL FOR TWO TRACTS CONTAINING 633 ACRES ON JAMES ISLAND, BERKLEY COUNTY.

Names Indexed: DENNIS, LAWRENCE/CLARK, HANNAH/CLARK/GEORGE, ROBERT/WILLISON, EDWARD/WITTER, JAMES/CHAPLIN, JOHN/HATTER/HOUSHAW/HEARNE, PETER/DRAYTON, THOMAS/DUGEE, PETER/LORIDGE/PETERSON, RICHARD

However, the following document indicates that part of the original Newtown Creek, James Island, SC, grant had been sold and had passed to the Screven family by 1733:
Series Number:

Description: SCREVEN, SARAH AND WILLIAM SCREVEN, MEMORIAL FOR 90 ACRES ON NEW TOWN CREEK, JAMES ISLAND, ORIGINALLY PART OF A 500 ACRE TRACT, SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A GRANT TO JAMES DUGNE, SR. (2 PAGES)

Names Indexed: SCREVEN, SARAH/SCREVEN, WILLIAM/DUGNE, JAMES SR./SCREVEN, SAMUEL/HERNE, PETER/DRAYTON, THOMAS/DENNIS, LAWRENCE/WRAGG, JOSEPH/DUGNE, PETER/DRAKE, SAMUEL/HERNE, PETER

No record has been found of the death and burial of Peter and Dorothy Dugue, either in Jamaica or South Carolina.

Isaac Dugue

15. PIERRE DUGUÉ, Isaac Dugue, son frère, et Élizabeth Dugué, leur sæur, néz à Bésance en Bery, enfans de Jacques Dugué et d'Élizabet Dupuy.

Isaac Dugue was the youngest son, a minor at the time his father’s estate was settled in 1696^⁵¹ (see Charleston SC file for details). He was the son of Elizabeth DuPuy DuGué, and was presumably born not too long before his sister, who was born in South Carolina after the family’s immigration in 1685. Thus it is reasonable to suppose that Isaac was born in about 1682-4.

Jamaica parish records on Isaac’s family are incomplete. There is no marriage record. The documentation begins with the christening of a child in 1709:^⁵²

St. Dorothy’s was separated from Clarendon Parish in 1696, so the shift in parishes over the years is not the result of St. Dorothy’s separation from Clarendon Parish. Neither parish register is incomplete for the relevant years. Thus it is clear that Isaac and his family were elsewhere when the majority of his children were born. With an interval of 14 years between the documented children, he could easily have had seven more children than those shown in the register. The references to Hugh Dugue confirm the existence of additional children besides those christened in the two parishes.

One likely place for Isaac and his family during the 1709-1723 period was Montego Bay on the north side of Jamaica, the second largest town and port on the island. Unfortunately, St. James Parish records only exist from 1770 on, although the parish was established in 1655. Isaac could also have been on another West Indian island, in South Carolina, or (much less likely) in England.

The following reference shows that in 1724 Isaac sold his interest in property in Charleston to Paul Trapier, who had married his sister Elizabeth:^⁵⁴

Book D, p. 92, 6 Aug 1724, Deed of Sale. Isaac Dugue, shipwright, to his brother-in-law, Paul Trapier, planter, for £250 SC money, ½ of ¼ of a half town lot in Charleston. Whereas James Dugue Sr., father of Isaac, by will dated 28 May 1686 gave his 5 children, Isaac, Peter, Mary, Judith & Elizabeth, and his granddaughter Mariane Dugue all his real and personal estate, share & share alike; and whereas the estate was duly divided on 27 Oct 1696, among other things allowing Isaac Dugue & his sister Elizabeth (in equal halves) a certain part of a lot in Charleston being ¼ of ½ of 1 town lot fronting to the Broad Street, bounding S on the Broad Street, E on Dr. John Deleaure, W & N on Elizabeth Burtell, which part of a lot their father James had purchased from James Dubourdeaux, blacksmith, on 31 Oct 1687; and whereas Paul Trapier by marrying Elizabeth Dugue became heir to ½ of the ¼ part of the ½ town lot & half the buildings; now Isaac Dugue sells his half to Trapier. Witnesses: James Searon, Peter Herman, Anthony Bonneau, Jr., Before Thomas Hepworth. Jacob Motte, Registrar.

Isaac’s continued ownership of the Charleston property suggests that he had longterm interests there. However, it is not hard to understand his sale of his interest in 1724. This was only two years after the disastrous year 1722, when Jamaica experienced a terrible hurricane, an earthquake, and a rebellion. He doubtless needed the money, and a shared interest in Charleston property was easy to give up. However, he was apparently present in Charleston for the sale, since he acted on his own behalf. It is likely that there were many visits to Charleston over the years.

Anthony Bonneau, Jr., witness to the 1724 transfer of property interest by Isaac Dugue, later reappears among the witnesses to the will of John Snow in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, along with Thomas Goodman Duke. This is one of many specific family connections shared by the people named Dugue and Duke in the Charleston area.

James Dugue

The following archival reference shows that a James Dugue reasserted ownership of a town lot in Charleston in 1732 through the legal mechanism of a memorial:

Description: DUGUE, JAMES, MEMORIAL FOR A TOWN LOT IN CHARLES TOWN, EXHIBITING A CONVEYANCE DATED APR. 19, 1692 FROM ROBERT SKELTON TO JAMES DUGUE.

This is property that was originally purchased by Jacques DuGué and disposed of in his estate. This James Dugue therefore is clearly a descendant in that line, and a son of either Peter or Isaac. We have previously observed that Peter’s son named James would not have been an adult in this year, and by elimination was therefore the individual named James Dugue who died in 1722 in Jamaica. The James Dugue of Charleston in 1732 must have been a son of Isaac Dugue.

This property purchased from Skelton was Lot No. 70 on Church Street between Broad and Queen (previously Dock) streets. However, #70 was inherited by Marianne Dugue, daughter of James Dugue (II) and his wife Marianne Fleury de la Plane Dugue, in the disposition of the estate of Jacques DuGué.^⁵⁵ Marianne Dugue later married Tobias Fitch. Since the property was not inherited by one of the Dugue sons, it seems that we are missing some transaction in the history of this parcel. The most likely explanation is that James Dugue purchased this parcel from the Fitches, or that they gave it to him to help him start out in Charleston. He presumably did not retain this property for long after filing the memorial, since the Dock Street Theater opened on the site in 1736.

Later, there was on 14 Jun 1739 a lease and release transaction involving a parcel on the north side of Broad Street owned by John Ramsey and bounded west 102 feet on Mr. Dugue, E on Timothy Bellamy, N on Mrs. Brutell. This was recorded in Book T, p. 77.^⁵⁶

On 16 and 17 June 1766 Daniel Ravenel sold to Benjamin Mazyck half of lot #31 in Charleston, bounding south on Broad Street, north on James Dugue, east on Peter de St. Julien, etc. This was recorded in Book E-3, p. 773.^⁵⁷ This is probably the same lot referenced in 1739, since #31 is shown on the north side of Broad Street on maps of early Charleston town lots. This 1766 document provides the latest use of the Dugue spelling that has been found to date in either South Carolina or Jamaica.

Elizabeth Dugue Trapier

Elizabeth was the youngest of Jacques and Elizabeth DuGué’s children, and the only one born in South Carolina. The reference given previously regarding the town lot sale by Isaac Dugue shows that Paul Trapier married Elizabeth Dugue, youngest daughter of Jacques DuGué. She was unmarried and a minor at the time of her father’s death in 1696.

Trapier was the owner of many ships (or parts thereof), in partnership with Daniel Horry, Joseph Wragg (who married Judith Dubose) and others.⁵⁸ Their lands were originally on the Cooper River around Pooshy Swamp (Series: S111001 Volume - 0003 Page - 00135 Item - 02 Date: 1733/05/19). The family became wealthy. The Trapiers moved to the Georgetown SC area by 1740, where they were very successful in commerce.

James Dugue of Goose Creek

It is generally surmised that James Dugue, son of Jacques DuGué I, lived in the Goose Creek area. Some of the relevant references are too late to refer to this individual.

Among the French families prominent in this region were those of Antoine Prudhomme, John Boisseau, Abraham Fleury, Sieur de la Pleine, Peter Bacot, Henry Bruneau, Abraham DuPont, Pierre Dassau, Isaac Fleury (alias De France), Gideon Faucheraud, Elias Prioleau, Anthony Bonneau, Charles Franchomme, Benjamin Godin, Francis Guerin, Benjamin Marion, John Postell, Dr. Isaac Porcher, J. DuGué, Philip Trouillart, Paul Mazick, Isaac Peronneau, Ann LeBrasseur, Elie Horry, and Zachariah Villepontoux.

This reference to “French families” might include the widow and child of the deceased Jacques DuGué II. However, there is another more specific reference to a James Dugue in 1702, several years after the documented deaths of Jacques DuGué and his son James.^⁶⁰

But in April, 1702, they wrote once more to the proprietors saying that the Assembly was again in "violent heats" about the election, that two members from Colleton were challenged and that debate had put the House in the "same ferment as before", concluding their complaint with their lands already bought may "be secured to them and their heirs". The list contains the following French names: Noah Royer, Jonas Bonhost, Pierre Poinsett, Jr., Pierre Poinsett, Sr., Jourdain Colliandeau, [Elisha] Poinsett, James Dugue, James Dubose. James Lardine, Daniel Bonell, Jean le Birt, Abraham Le Sueur, Louis Tibou, A. Bonneau, Jean Girardeau, Peter Gaillard, Peter Colloando (Couillinado), Ann Vinne, [Londonderry] Corquett, Dan'l Duraso (DuRousseau); Mathu Garin, Paul Borquett, Noah Sere, John Potine, Philip Norman, James Serau, Augustin Varry, John Potell.

Samuel DuGué

A Samuel Dugue/Duke appears in Charleston records. He is not a part of the immediate family of Jacques DuGué, but it is reasonable to suppose that he was a relative of some kind.

Samuel Dugue is included in two of the four 1702 lists of Frenchmen accused of voting illegally (when English residents attempted to disenfranchise them):^⁶¹

471-7. List 1: Mathew Guerin, John Bonneau, Peter Mailliet, Abraham Dupont, Isaac La Pierre, John Serau, Paul La Roche, Abr. Lesueur, Nicholas Longuemar, Peter Collineau, List 2: John Deveaux, John Juine, James Dumoe, Nicholas Boneil, Samuel Dugue, Peter Dutart (Dutarre); Peter Poitevine, Monsr. Morbeuff, Peter Filleaux, Peter Gideau, Benj. Marion. List 3: Mathew Guerin, John Bonneau, Peter Maillett, Abraham Juijon, Paul La Roche, Abraham Lesurier (Le Serrurier); Paul Battoane, Elias Verbans, Nicholas Languemar, Salloman Legare. List 4: John Deveaux, James Dunoe, Nicholas Boneil, Samuel Dugue, Peter Dutart, Peter Poitvine, Monsr. Marbeuff, Peter Villepontoux, Peter Videau, Benj. Marion, Peter Lesau, Sr., Anthony Poitvine, Ja. Lasad, Gideon Lisile [or Soule], Sam'l Lisle, Wm. Rouser (Rousourier).

The will of Samuel “Duke” was probated between 1716 and 1718.^⁶² This is the first documented instance of the use of the surname Duke for a member of the DuGué family. The original inventory document for Samuel Duke has been lost and no information survives regarding its contents. However, it is worth noting that no subsequent generations of Duke males were named Samuel.

It is possible that Samuel Duke/Duke was the minister who was transferred from Charleston to St. John’s Berkeley in 1701 to provide a minister for the early Huguenot church there.^⁶³ The church was located between the later locations of Biggins and Black Oak churches.

Early Families Named Duke

Peter and Isaac Dugue immigrated to Jamaica, which complicates reconstructing the history of the family. However, it is likely that most, if not all, of the individuals who carried the Duke name in the early lowcountry were descendants of Isaac and Peter. It has already been mentioned that a James Dugue in Charleston filed a memorial for one of the DuGué family town lots in 1732, thus reasserting ownership of this property. He was a son of Isaac DuGué, who had died the previous year in Jamaica. At the same time other individuals named Duke appear in local South Carolina records. Most have the same family associations, and in some cases the same family business, as the Dugues.

There are other possibilities, however. One is that some of the Dukes of early South Carolina were descendants of Samuel Dugue or Duke, about whom very little is known with certainty, other than that he was involved in pressing for Huguenot rights, that he used both the Dugue and Duke spellings of the surname, and that his estate was inventoried in 1716-18. No individuals named Samuel have been indentified in succeeding generations.

Another possibility is that one or two of the Dukes who have been identified in the Charleston area were not local, but were passing through the area when an event occurred that was recorded in South Carolina’s documents.

Mary Dukes of St. Phillips Parish

A Mary Dukes was buried November 30, 1732/33, in St. Phillips Parish.^⁶⁴ This is one of several mentions of the “Duke” family in St. Phillips Parish in that year, one year after the death of Isaac Dugue in Jamaica. This cannot be Mary Dugue the wife of Isaac Dugue of Jamaica, who was buried in Jamaica in 1749. However, it could be a daughter of Isaac or the wife of one of Isaac’s sons.

Nicholas Duke

Nicholas Duke, mariner of the Royal Navy, may not have been a member of a local Duke or Dugue family, because his will survives and names no member of either a Dugue or Duke family as either a witness or beneficiary. However, he was associated with the Laurens family, which suggests a tie to Thomas Goodman Duke as well as an unidentified “Mr. Duke” who worked for Henry Laurens on the Altahama River, both discussed later.

Nicholas Duke was buried at St. Phillips Parish, August 13, 1732.^⁶⁵ In 1733 the will of Nicholas Duke, mariner of the Royal Navy serving under Captain Lloyd,^⁶⁶ was probated in Charleston. Captain James Lloyd took over the command of the Happy, a 10/16 gun ship of the Royal Navy that was assigned to the Carolina Station, “surveying,” from 29 Nov 1728 through 12 May 1735.^⁶⁷

Nicholas Duke’s beneficiary was James “Lawrense.” Witnesses were John Lawrens and Benj. Addison.^⁶⁸ This witness may be the same individual mentioned in a petition to the South Carolina Council on 2 Aug 1949:^⁶⁹

Read the Petition of John Dutarque of the Parish of St. Thomas in Berkley County son and Heir at Law of Lewis Dutarque late of the same Place, Planter, deceased, . . . said father had duly admeasured and layed out a Tract of land of 65 acres in the parish aforesaid and bounding northeasterwardly and northwestwardly on the said Lewis Dutarques Land south eastward on Colo. Thomas Lynches Land and south westwardly on Mr. Berresfords land . . . the Plat of the said Land was delivered on the 20th of Dec’r 1737 by the then Surveyor General to Mr. John Laurens a friend of the Petr’s said Father to be carried to the other Offices. . . .

A John Laurens is identified elsewhere as a saddler, who acquired 40 acres on the northern Charleston Neck commonly called the Quarter House on 4 Mar 1731 from George Anson, “late commander of His Majesty’s ship the Garland.”^⁷⁰ Also, Mr. John Laurens was appointed a Fire-Master of the Friendly Society in Charleston.^⁷¹

Robert Dukes of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish

Robert Duke obtained a license in St. Phillips Parish to marry Mary Phyllis Dudley^⁷² on July 3, 1733. Bondsmen were Robert Duke and Edward Vanvelsin, shoemakers, of Charles Towne.^⁷³ Robert and Mary Phyllis were subsequently married in the adjacent St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish. Alexander Garden [Anglican] was minister and James Michie, witness.

The Dudley family was rare in early South Carolina, although records show that a John Dudley was buried on 10 Sep 1736 in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston.^⁷⁴

James Michie was an attorney who achieved prominence as a member of the Council, chief justice, and judge of court of vice-admiralty.^⁷⁵

A Garrett Vanvelsen advertised as a shoemaker working in “the old house over the Bridge facing Church St.” in Charleston.^⁷⁶ He is also listed as “Capt. Gerrit Vanvelsen”, and with Mr. John Laurens was appointed a Fire-Master of the Friendly Society in Charleston.^⁷⁷ The St. Phillip’s Parish Register lists the marriage of Garrat Vanvelsin and Rebecca Croft, widow, on 2 Apr 1733 (vol. I, p. 164).

The Vanvelsins were associated with the Dugue family. In 1722 Jonathan and Tobias Fitch (husband of Marianne Dugue Fitch) were involved in several land transactions that were witnessed by Garratt Vanvelsin.^⁷⁸ Although identified as a shoemaker, Vanvelsin owned considerable property.^⁷⁹

The will of Edward Vanvelsen was recorded 3 May 1748 (MM 314-317) and that of Garret Vanvelsen was recorded 9 Feb 1749/50 (B 331-332); the will of William Vanvelson was recorded 1 Mar 1762 (V 111).^⁸⁰ The St. Phillip’s Parish Register shows the burial of Garret Vanvelsin on 6 Feb 1749/50. (Vol. I, p. 214).

John Simmons of Charleston, bricklayer, identified Ann Vanvelsin as his granddaughter in his 1737 will. Simmons was a Quaker; he refers to the “Meeting House” where he belonged. James Vanvelsen was a witness to the will.

James Vanvelsin’s daughter Elizabeth married a Holmes. A Holmes family was on James Island. Ann Holmes married John Fitch, son of Tobias Fitch and Marianne DuGué Fitch. John Holmes later sued William Duke of Christ Church Parish for non-payment of debts.

Thomas Goodman Duke and Susanna Duke

Thomas Goodman Duke was a shipmaster living in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish near the Wando River. He was a ship’s master traveling between Charleston and Jamaica and shared many of the same family associates as the Dugue family. It is likely that he was a Dugue.

The South Carolina Gazette reported the following Customs House Notices involving him:

This shows that the Dugue/Duke family business continued to focus on the trade between Charleston and Jamaica.

Clement Lemprier of Hobcaw Point owned the Anne & Elizabeth. Clement Lemprier was, among other things, a privateer.^⁸¹ He owned land in Christ Church Parish, near Wackindaw Creek, adjacent to Hobcaw Point. In the 1740’s he owned a shipyard at Shem Creek, Mount Pleasant.^⁸² Shem Creek runs from Haddrel’s Point along the south side of Christ Church Parish. Lemprier married into a complex of families centered around what is now the town of Mt. Pleasant that included Jacob Read, who witnessed the will of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke, probated in 1771.

The family of Thomas Goodman Duke is listed in the Register of St. Thomas & St. Denis Parish, but (at least in the printed account) is incorrectly identified as that of Thomas Goodmunduke. His family is listed there as follows:^⁸³

Goodmunduke—Parents—Thomas and Susannah

"The Annals and Parish Register of St. Thomas and St. Denis" in the "Deaths and Burials" section lists Thomas Duke b. (buried) March 1, 1755.^⁸⁴

All of the Duke names in the birth section of the parish register were entered at the same time, and all reflect the “Goodmunduke” error regarding the surname. Also, these are birth dates only; there are no christening dates. At this time, the parishes of the established church were legally responsible for birth records within their boundaries. Recording this Duke family had to have occurred during or after 1745. It isn’t difficult to understand this. An examination of the parish register shows that many Huguenot families were slow to embrace baptism in the established church. St, Thomas and St. Denis entries before about 1745 disproportionately involve families of English descent. Some Huguenot families appear in the register in its earliest years, but Bonneau family birth entries begin in 1732 and Bochet in 1746.

Another reference to the Duke family in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish is found in the will of John Snow,^⁸⁵ Berkeley County planter, which was drafted 23 March 1748.^⁸⁶ John Snow and his brother Nathaniel Snow were from a Barnstaple, Massachusetts, family that was heavily involved in international trade.He left to his wife, Susannah, use of their plantation during her life. To his nephew, John Snow, son of Nathaniel Snow, he left the plantation at the death of his wife. There was also a legacy to his goddaughter, Susannah Laurens, daughter of Augustus Laurens (who was uncle of the Honorable Henry Laurens). He also mentioned Judith Laurens. The executors of his will were his wife and John Dutargue. The witnesses were Thomas Goodman Duke, James Soulegree (who used his mark), and Henry Bonneau. The will was probated in January 1752.

The St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish Register shows that both John Snow and his brother Nathanial married Huguenots, both Poitevans. Lewis Dutarque of St. Thomas and St. Denis was a friend of John Laurens, witness to the will of Nicholas Duke, mariner. John Snow’s brother Nathaniel Snow was associated with Tobias Fitch, who married Marianne DuGué, daughter of Jacques DuGué II and Marianne Fleury de la Plaine DuGué. There were various other Laurens-Dugue/Duke connections over the years.

Daughters of Thomas Goodman Duke

Later, several marriages are recorded in the St. Thomas and St. Denis register that represent the marriages of Thomas’ daughters.

Elizabeth Duke and Henry Simons

Henry Simons and Elizabeth Duke(s) were married January 28, 1766, in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish.^⁸⁷ Henry Simons was a son of Samuel DuPre Simons (son of Benjamin Simons I and Mary Esther DuPre). Huguenot settler Benjamin Simons was granted land in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish in 1709 and established Middleburg Plantation, today the oldest surviving house in South Carolina.

In the 1800 census of South Carolina a Henry Simons is listed in Colleton County, page 407, along with Robert Simons. M. Simons and William Simons were also listed in Colleton County.

Elizabeth Duke b. 27 Jan 1736/37 m. Henry Simons b. 1733 to Samuel Dupre Simons (son of Benjamin Simons I and Mary Esther DuPre) b. 19 Apr 1696 and Elizabth Bonneau, b. 1708 to Anthoine Bonneau and Jeanne Elizabeth Videau.

Jeanne Elizabeth Videau was the aunt of Mary Esther Videau, who married Francis Marion.

The St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish Register shows that Francis Simons married Elizabeth Motte on 30 Apr 1767.^⁸⁸ Francis was apparently not a brother, but was surely a cousin, of Henry Simons who married Elizabeth Duke.

Mary Duke and John Frasier

John Frasier and Mary Duke, daughter of Thomas Goodman Duke, married in 1771, also in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish.^⁸⁹ There may have been several individuals named John Frasier/Fraser/Frazer in the lowcountry. This individual was probably from the Fraser family on James Island, site of the earliest DuGué family land grant:

Description: FRASER, JOHN, EXOR. OF JOHN MCKAY TO BENJAMIN STONE, LEASE AND RELEASE FOR 50 ACRES OF LAND ON JAMES ISLAND.

The following references do not include those that could not be associated with this Frasier-Duke marriage.

In 1772 a John Frasier obtained a grant for 250 acres in Colleton Co on the Salkehatchie:

Isaac Perry, the surveyor for this plat, was the principal surveyor for the New Windsor settlement of Johannes Tobler. The Bremars were Huguenot.

Description: DELIESSELINE, FRANCIS G. VS JOHN FRASER AND THOMAS AIRS, OTHERWISE CALLED, FRASER AND AIRS, SUMMARY PROCESS ROLL.

On 13 November 1822 there was to be a case “Deliesseline, Francis G. vs. John C. Duke.”^⁹⁰

It is an interesting question whether this one is from the family of the John Fraiser who was at Toogoodoo, which became related by marriage to the Pendarvis family.

A John Fraser was listed in the 1785 tax returns as follows: “380 [acres] Colleton Charleston Togodo [general situation] St. Paul’s [parish] 103 Negroes.”^⁹¹ Joseph Ash and other members of the Ash family, related to Cato Ash who reappears in the context of Joan Duke’s will in Christ Church Parish, were also in the Togodo area. In the 1786 returns from St. Paul’s Parish John Fraser had 2200 acres to accompany his 103 negroes and paid taxes of £58 13s 0p.^⁹² He lived near Josiah Pendarvis and the Ashes. This John Fraser was married to Mary Stobo, a descendant of James Pendarvis (Abstracts of Wills of the Charleston District.) There may be a relationship between John Frasier who married Mary Duke and the family of Indian trader John Frasier. One of his relatives married William Cattel, from the family that gave their name (although they did not move to) Cattell’s Creek in Orangeburgh District, where Joseph Dukes settled.^⁹³

The Frasier, Pendarvis, and Johnston families of the Charleston areas were connected with one another.^⁹⁴ John Fraser, Charleston merchant, was involved in business transactions with Benjamin Maverick, mariner.^⁹⁵ The Maverick family was associated with the DuGués over several generations.

Susannah Duke

Thomas’ daughter Susannah Duke apparently never married. She is listed in the Auditor General’s Accounts 1778-1780 as having made “clothsloaths” for the troops, for the sum of £147.^⁹⁶ She died of a “paraletic stroke” at the age of 69 years and was buried on 13 Jan 1810 in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston.^⁹⁷

Benjamin Duke, Son of Thomas Goodman Duke

Benjamin Duke, son of Thomas Goodman Duke and Susanna Duke, was born 29 Mar 1739 in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish.

Benjamin Duke was in the Berkeley County militia, drafted November 9, 1759, and discharged January 8, 1760.^⁹⁸ His unit was under the command of Capt. Benjamin Elliott, Lt. William Sanders, and Ensign Elias Vanderhorst. Sergeants were Samuel “Vernor” (who was previously an overseer for William Duke) and George Hamlin.^⁹⁹

On 12 August 1762 Thomas Watts, Benjamin Duke and Susana Duke witnesssed the will of Thomas Dearington of St. Thomas’ and St. Dennis’ Parish, Berkeley County, planter [Charleston Will Book RR 1767-1771].^¹⁰⁰ The Dearington family had many Huguenot connections, some with specific ties to the Duke family. On 24 May 1772 John Dearington married Elizabeth Simons in St. Thomas and St. Denis. Thomas Goodman Duke’s daughter married Henry Simons there. Elizabeth Bourdeaux married a Thomas Dearington in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish on 25 May 1766.^¹⁰¹

In 1783 Benjamin Duke was still associated with the Parish of St. Thomas and St. Denis. “Mr. Benjamin Duke of the Parish of St. Thomas & St. Dennis, Planter, admr. with the will annexed of David Watts, late of the Parish of St. Thomas & St. Dennis, Shoemaker, who appointed Elizabeth Watts and Benjamin Simms, Extx. & exr. & sd. Elizabeth Watts is since dead and Benjamin Simms hath rendered his Exorship, 31 July, 1783. Sureties: Joseph Warnock^¹⁰² of St. Thomas & St. Dennis Parish, Planter, and Frances Bonneau of Charleston, House-Carpenter.”^¹⁰³

Joseph Warnock was the husband of Mary Alston, and also owned land in St. John’s Parish, Berkeley.^¹⁰⁴ He was born in St. Thomas and St. Denis. Frances Bonneau is listed in the 1790 federal census in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston, next door to Edward Rutledge. He married first Hannah Elfe in 1779,^¹⁰⁵ and second, in 1797, he married the widow of the very successful Charleston merchant Samuel Legare.^¹⁰⁶

The involvement of Benjamin Duke of St. Thomas and St. Denis with the Watts family suggest that he was the Benjamin Duke who married a daughter of Burtonhead Boutwell. From SCDAH, SC inventories Vol. Y p.139-145 3 Oct. 1769, Burtonhead Boutwell, Roll #ST497, it can be established that Burtonhead Boutwell’s estate, less specific bequests to son Samuel Boutwell, was divided as follows:

It appears that the men not having the Boutwell surname listed above, including Benjamin Duke, are probably sons-in-law of Burtonhead Boutwell. The three minor children are identified in the court records as Anna, Joanna, and Joseph.

On 9 December 1784 Benjamin Duke witnessed the marriage of Lewis Bochet^¹⁰⁷ (Parish of Prince George) and Rebecca Watts (Prince Frederick Parish) at the home of Mrs. Rebecca Watts of the Parish of Prince Frederick. The service was conducted by Samuel Fenner Warren, of St. James Parish, Santee.^¹⁰⁸ Benjamin Duke served as a witness, with Joseph Boutwell. Prince George’s Parish extended from the Great Pee Dee in the north to the Santee in the south, taking in the Georgetown area. St. James Santee was created in 1705/06. By 1784 it had been reduced to the coastal area immediately south of the Santee and north of the SeeWee and Christ Church Parish.

The LDS IGS shows Burtonhead Boutwell as living at Jeffries Creek, Prince Frederick Parish, Craven County, SC. Jeffries Creek is a tributary of the PeeDee River. It is a major stream that runs from headwaters in modern Darlington Co to the southeast, immediately south of the city of Florence, SC, and joins the Pee Dee to the southeast Boutwell’s grant in 1735 was on Muddy Creek (Series: S213019 Volume - 0006 Page - 00092 Item - 00 Date: 1754/09/03 ).

Others associated with the Jefferies Creek area included the Dubourdieu and Trapier families:

Charleston Deed Book T-3. Pp. 261-268: 24 Apr 1771, John Glen and John Glen Junr., both of Prince Fredericks Parish, Craven County, planter, to William Green of same, planter (lease s 10 release £ 850)…by a grant 30 June 1741 to John Thompson, 1000 A adj. to Dr. Francis Varambout, Pee Dee River, Jeffery's Creek, and by his will 18 Aug 1742 did bequeath to his daughter Ann Thomson, who did intermarry with the sd. John Glen…Jno Glen (LS), Jno Flen Junr (LS), Wit: Dubourdieu, Benja. Trapier. Prov. by Benjamin Trapier before Paul Trapier, 25 Apr 1771. Rec. 1 May 1771.

The 1773 Mouzon map of South Carolina shows the Nettles family near Jefferies Creek, with other families. The Blackwell household (also those of J. Nettles and S. Frasier) is shown on the 1825 Mills Atlas of Darlington County on Jeffries Creek at the Marion County boundary, a few miles from the Williamsburg County line.

Burtonhead Boutwell married first Elizabeth Commander and second Patience (?).Samuel, John, Thomas, Joseph, Joanna, Anne and Lionel Delaney were sons of Patience.

James Commander acted for the estate of Burtonhead Boutwell with respect to accounts of a Georgetown District merchant.^¹⁰⁹ Elizabeth Commander, daughter of Samuel Commander of Prince Frederick Parish, married Burtonhead Boutwell on 8 Jan 1733 according to an old Bible in the possession of Boutwell descendants. Samuel Commander was earlier in Dobbs County NC, where he bought land from John Simmons.^¹¹⁰

John “Frashier” or Fraser also had a grant on Muddy Creek adjacent Burtonhead Boutwell (Series Number: S213184 Volume: 0015; Page: 00209; Item: 03; Date: 1773/05/27) and also on Jeffries Creek (Series Number: S111001; Volume: 0011; Page: 00210; Item: 02; Date: 1772/05/04). This neighbor of Burtonhead Boutwell could be the husband of Mary Duke, daughter of Thomas Goodman Duke. However, there were multiple John Frasier/Fraser/Frazers in South Carolina at this time.

Both William and Benjamin Duke are listed as petit jurors for Georgetown District in 1783.^¹¹¹ Georgetown District included Williamsburg, Georgetown, Marion, Horry, and Florence counties.

A Benjamin Duke, identified as “of Craven County” was involved in a business transaction with James Commander in 1773, selling him five slaves.^¹¹² Craven County was primarily north of the Santee River. However Craven included some areas south of the Santee along the coast, primarily within St. James Santee Parish.

In 1779 Benjamin Duke was an Overseer of Prince Frederick Winyaw Parish.^¹¹³ At the same time, a James Snow was warden.

Thomas Duke, son of Thomas and Susanna Duke

The fate of this Thomas Duke is uncertain, but he may have moved to the old Clarendon or Williamsburg county areas.

William and Joan Duke in Christ Church Parish

William Duke was certainly a brother of Thomas Goodman Duke. He was a ship’s master who lived in Christ Church Parish. A series of Custom House Notices from the South Carolina Gazette document this:

William Duke was listed as Master of the Ann and Elizabeth, a 35-ton sloop out of Charleston, built SC 1750, registered 23 June 1750, owned by Clement Lemprier.^¹¹⁴ This was a ship for which Thomas Goodman Duke had served as master, a year earlier.

The marriage of William Duke and “widow Halliburton” at Hobcaw, Christ Church Parish, appears dated 13 Jan 1749 in the Christ Church Parish Register.^¹¹⁵ Joan Watkins had married William Haliburton in Christ Church Parish on 10 April 1743.^¹¹⁶ On 24 January 1743 the South Carolina Gazette indicated that William Halliburton was shipmaster of the St. George, entered in from Jamaica at Charles Towne. On 7 March 1743 he was listed as entered out for London, also in the St. George, and on 11 April 1743 he was cleared to depart to London.^¹¹⁷ There is no record of his return. His death is not recorded in the register; he probably died at sea.

The Watkins family had resided in the Charleston, SC, area for some time before Joan’s marriages. John Wattkins appeared in the Province of South Carolina in April 1692 on the ship Loyall Jamica, a privateer vessel.^¹¹⁸ John Watkins was a petitioner against the Proprietors in 1716/1717, along with Richard Weekly, William Burnley, Peter Bacot (who married Marianne DuGué, widow of Jacques DuGué II), and Michael Blackwell, among many others.^¹¹⁹ Watkins had land on Charleston Neck and on the Wando River.^¹²⁰

Anne Watkins married Joseph Morgan in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston, on 15 Sep 1721.^¹²¹ Ellinor, daughter of William Watkins and his wife Rachel, was baptized at St. Phillip’s on 10 Mar 1742. The Christ Church Parish Register shows that a Mary Watkins was born to John and Mary Watkins on the 25 Dec 1722/23 and was baptized “3. Day of 1722/3.”^¹²²

A search of the South Carolina Gazette yielded quite a few Watkins listing(s), among them confirmation that John Watkins was involved in shipping: listings for an unknown Watkins, shipmaster, appeared in a customs house notice of 20 July 1734 related to the brigantine Dragon, entered out for Providence. A later notice makes it clear that this was John Watkins. John Watkins, shipmaster, was cleared to depart to Jamaica in the Dragon, a brigantine, in a customs house notice of 5 Oct 1734. He was entered in from Boston in the Lusitania, another brigantine, in a notice of 26 Feb 1737. He was entered out for Falmouth, again in the Lusitania, in a notice of 12 Mar 1737. He was cleared to depart to Falmouth in a notice of 2 April 1737. Advertisements were placed in the Gazette for the settlement of the estate of John Watkins on 27 September 1742. John Watkins, attorney, apparently a son of the older John Watkins, appears in financial notices of 25 May 1748, 1 June 1748, and 8 June 1748.

In both 1751 and 1757, William Duke was listed as a petit juror for Christ Church Parish, Berkeley County.^¹²³

William Duke encountered numerous legal complexities, most of them related to an apparent unwillingness to pay bills. Various judgement roll suits were brought against William Duke, 1752-56:

Joseph Tobias^¹²⁴ was identified as a Charleston shopkeeper, and on 22 January 1752 sued William Duke of Christ Church Parish, planter, for payment of a total of £854 owed against notes.^¹²⁵ One was for £427 and was due January 1, 1750, at 8% interest; the names of witnesses were not legible. Andrew Rutledge was attorney for Dukes, while Charles Pinckney was attorney for Tobias.

Samuel Varnor^¹²⁶ was overseer for the “plantation and Negroes” of Capt. William Duke, and sued for £100 payment through William Burrows, his attorney, on 18 Apr 1753.^¹²⁷ This Samuel Varnor was presumably related to Elizabeth Varnor, who on 5 Feb 1744/45 married Capt. Clement Lemprier. In the same year and place Henry Varnor married the Widow Guellard. Elizabeth Varnor Lemprier died soon after her marriage; Capt. Lemprier remarried, to Ann Wilks, on 20 Dec. 1746.^¹²⁸

Robert Sutton of Christ Church parish, planter, in 1754 sued William Duke for a £182 debt incurred in 1753.¹²⁹ Richard Tookerman signed as witness for the note, which was drawn up “near Hobcaw.” Egerton Leigh served as attorney for William Duke. James Wright was attorney for Sutton.

John Holmes brought a suit for debt against William Duke in 1756.¹³⁰ Holmes had apparently purchased the Hobcaw Ferry, including a tavern, and presented an itemized account with his suit. This was a long list of charges that included numerous ferry trips to and from town for William Duke, for his spouse, for Nancy Watkins, and for a “Coby” or “Caly” Watkins. There were also charges for drinks (punch and toddy) and suppers on several occasions each with Clement Lamprier and with William Stewart.

John Holmes appears in another context associated with Dugue family members as well as the Fauré family that was closely connected with Joseph Duke of Orangeburg, SC. John Holmes and Francis (Francois) Farree of Christ Church Parish were sued by Joseph Wragg, merchant, regarding a debt dating to Sep 1738. Paul Trapier was a witness, and the suit was filed 20 Apr 1741.^¹³¹ Joseph Wragg I was married to Judith DuBose, daughter of James DuBose and Judith DuGué DuBose. Trapier was married to Maryanne DuGué, daughter of James DuGué Jr, and niece of Judith DuGué DuBose.

William Dukes was listed twice on the St. Phillips jury roles in 1757, once as a grand and once as a special juror.^¹³² The first listing required having paid at least £5 tax for the year and the other required paying exceptionally high taxes that year. Land was taxed very little, but equipment, merchandise, and slaves were subject to higher taxes. Ministers, attorneys, civil servants, and legislators were exempt from the jury lists. We can assume that William Duke did not fall into the exempt classes of people, and that he or they owned substantial equipment, merchandise, or slaves.

It is not clear how many individuals are represented here. A single William Duke might have qualified for both jury lists, and might also be listed in other counties (see below). During the colonial period jury service was based upon property ownership rather than residence. An individual might be taxed and also listed for jury duty in any county in which he owned property, and everyone was subject to service in Charleston.

In 1759, advertisements by William Duke of Christ Church Parish appeared on 22 Sep, 29 Sep, and 7 Oct in the South Carolina Gazette. ESCN Database Reports categorized these as having to do with “Auctions, Sales/Land, and Rice” and “Auctions, Sales/Land, and Indigo.”

William Duke brought a suit against Arthur Baxter in July 1761.^¹³³ This involved an incident in Kingston Township, and may relate to a different William Dukes.

On 25 July and 1 and 8 August 1761, William Duke of Christ Church Parish was mentioned in general advertisements in the South Carolina Gazette by Warham & Prioleau of Charleston. This firm dealt in general merchandise.

Joan Duke’s will was probated in 1771.^¹³⁴ In her will Joan Duke left her plantation and slaves to be administered in trust for her minor son John and also left a bequest for her niece, Mary Cammell, a minor. She listed two surviving sisters, Catherine Watkins and Anne Fowler, who first married James Cammell and second Jonathon Fowler. Executors for her estate were identified as Jonathon Fowler, her brother-in-law, and Cato Ash. There is no evidence of a will left by William Duke. This suggests that there was at least one older son who inherited property belonging to him through primogeniture. If John had been his oldest son, William’s property would have gone directly to him, although with Joan having a legal interest in it.

Witnesses to the will of Joan Duke were Samuel Maverick, Ann Davis, and Jacob Read. There is no mention of William Duke, who must have died between 1761 and 1771. The household goods and even her food supply are disposed of in her will. The will was proved by Samuel Maverick and John Fowler, qualified executors, before the Secretary.^¹³⁵ Samuel Maverick replaced Cato Ash as an executor. The Maverick, Davis, and Ash families were all from St. Andrew’s Parish, some specifically from the Newtown Creek area. This assemblage of people connects the William Duke family of Christ Church Parish to the Dugues of James Island.

The inventory of Joan Duke’s estate was prepared 13 Mar 1772 by George Ten, John Wish, and William Bennett.^¹³⁶ The estate included slaves (Sambo, Mober, Ben, Jack, Cleander, Juno and her child Robin, and Lucy), 19 head of cattle, 80 bushels of corn, 30 bushels of peas, 1 chest of drawers, 6 chairs, a table, 25 head of sheep, kitchen furniture, 2 bed quilts and mattresses, table linen, 7 large and 7 small silver spoons, tea tongs, and a silver ladle, a pair of gold buttons, gold ring, a table cover, a “lott” of china and earthenware, a tea chest, a table and chairs, and a canoe. The total was valued at £2712/12/0.

On 7 Sep 1861 a McCrady plat showed lands held by Joan Dukes (61.5 acres), Catharine Watkins (60 acres exclusive of marsh), Ann Fowler (59.5 acres exclusive of marsh) and Elizabeth [Davis struck through] Daws (50 acres exclusive of marsh).^¹³⁷ This introduces another name into the group of individuals associated with Joan Duke(s), that of Elizabeth Daws. Adjacent landowners included Roger Sanders; other names are illegible. The property was on a tributary of Hog Island Creek, and the points used by the surveyor included the steeples of St. Phillip’s and St. Michael’s churches in Charleston as well as Hogg Island.

William Duke and Arthur Baxter

Another William Duke is also associated with the Pee Dee. He brought a suit against Arthur Baxter in July 1761.^¹³⁸ This was not related to a debt, but to a charge that Baxter “did beat wound and evilly entreat and other enormities . . . did to the damage of the said William Duke.” The incident was alleged to have taken place 19 Nov 1759 at Kingston near little Pee Dee; Kingston was a coastal township in the northeast of South Carolina, in modern Horry County. Baxter was said to have used “staves, fists and clubs” in his attack. Arthur Baxter obtained land on the Pee Dee in 1742/3: (Series: S372001 Volume - 00Y0 Page - 00147 Item - 00 Date: 1742-1743). Baxter also was partial owner of a ship.^¹³⁹ He owned the 30-ton schooner John out of Georgetown, with George Starrat, registered Georgetown 25 May 1748. Both Baxter and Starrat were identified as planters.

23 July 1759. Phillip Herndon of Anson, carpenter, to Nicholas White, of same for 15 pounds proc. money . . . 320 A., 1/2 of 640 A granted to James Baber & conveyed to Herndon, on SW side of Pee Dee, granted 22 May 1741 . . . Phillip Herndon {LS} Wit: Heza. Russ, Robt. Abraham, Wm. Dukes.

Baber’s grant is dated 1746 (Series: S213184 Volume - 0004 Page - 00340 Item - 01 Date: 1746/02/11 ). It was adjacent Samuel Wiggins (Series Number: S213184 Volume: 0004 Page: 00340 Item:02 ). Before 24 September 1764 Anson County included all or parts of the SC counties of Marlboro, Chesterfield, Lancaster, York, Chester, Cherokee, Union, Spartanburg, Greenville, Laurens, and Newberry.

John Duke, Son of William and Joan

The fate of Joan Duke’s minor son, John, is not known. However, there is at least one John Dukes in the appropriate area in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1778 Colonel Pinckney listed John Dukes, from the 6^th Regiment, South Carolina Line, Continental Establishment (army), in his Order Book, April 1, for garrison court martial. He was accused of having “transgressed the Rules and Orders of the General Hospital.”^¹⁴⁰ The 6^th Regiment was largely from Charleston, and was quartered there in 1778. The 6^th Regiment was part of the Continental Line, or regular army, in contrast to the militia.

In 1786 a John Dukes had a plat for 250 acres on Lemons Swamp, that he did not follow up on:

Description: OMELVENEY, SAMUEL, PLAT FOR 250 ACRES ON BEAVER DAM BRANCH OF LEMONS SWAMP, ORANGEBURGH DISTRICT, SURVEYED BY JOHN MILHOUS FOR JOHN DUKES ON MARCH 2, 1786.

Names Indexed: OMELVENEY, SAMUEL/MILHOUS, JOHN/DUKES, JOHN/MEDLOCK, ELIZABETH/SANDFORD, JAMES/BUDD, DR./

This is of particular interest because a decade later a James Dukes acquired a grant on Lemons Creek adjacent the Tucker family. A younger James Dukes and the Tuckers immigrated to Mississippi and their descendants have been proven to be derived from the same family as the Dukes of Orangeburgh, SC, through yDNA studies ( see http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dukedna/dukedna.html).

William Duke II

After Joan’s will was probated a few other references to a William Duke in the Charleston area appear. In 1776 a Captain William Duke was listed for a military pension.^¹⁴¹ This was presumably not the Capt. William Dukes who later served as a captain in the militia under Col. Brandon after the fall of Charleston, and was still in the militia in 1782 (A. A. 2069; X2795; South Carolina Department of History and Archives).^¹⁴² He was probably a William Duke in Prince Frederick Parish, north of the Santee River.

Charleston Deed Book Y-5, pp. 56-60: “Lease and mortgage, 2 & 3 Apr 1787, John Gatch of Charleston, SC, carpenter, and Catherine his wife, to Lightfoot Harrison Davis and James Nicholson, both of said city, by bond in the penal sum of 60 pounds sterling, as tenants in common and not as joint tenants, lot in the village of Rumney on Meeting Street on a creek which divides it from the distillery. John Gatch (LS) Catherine Gatch (LS) (S) (LS), Wit: Wm. Duke, John DeWitt. Proved in Charlestown District by the oath of John DeWitt 23 Apr 1787 before Peter Horry, J. P. Recorded 23 Apr 1787." Ref: South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1783-1788.

In 1786 James Nicholson owned land in St. James Goose Creek Parish^¹⁴³ and on the Wassamassaw Swamp.^¹⁴⁴ SCDAH records show that he went on to acquire land in many locations in South Carolina, including the backcountry. John Nicholson owned land in St. Thomas Parish near the Simons family (Series: S111001 Volume - 0005 Page - 00213 Item - 03 Date: 1733/03/13). The Bonneaus are a constant in the lives of the Dugue/Duke family, and the will of Anthony Bonneau Sr. (probated in 1724) refers to his daughter Catherine Nicholson, the wife of a Nicholson.^¹⁴⁵

John DeWitt, who served as witness with William Duke, owned land on Jeffreys Creek in Craven County.^¹⁴⁶ Jeffreys Creek was the home of Burtonhead Boutwell, father-in-law of Benjamin Duke of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish.

Elizabeth Duke

There was an 18^th century Charleston Duke family marriage for which no further information has been found to date:

This Thomas Jackson was in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish and is likely the same individual:

Description: JACKSON, THOMAS TO COMMISSIONERS OF THE LOAN OFFICE, MORTGAGE FOR 480 ACRES ON BERESFORD CREEK, ST. THOMAS AND ST. DENNIS PARISH, OWNED FORMERLY BY JONATHAN RUSS AND BEQUEATHED TO SAID JACKSON BY MARTHA HESKETT. (PLAT AND APPRAISEMENT)

Names Indexed: JACKSON, THOMAS/ADDISON, THOMAS/PAGET/BERESFORD/EDWARDS, MRS./PARKER, WILLIAM/DANIEL, ROBERT/RUSS, JONATHAN/HESKETT, MARTHA/

It is possible that the William Duke who witnessed the Gatch transaction, and was probably a son of William Duke of Christ Church Parish, was father of this Elizabeth Duke.

Later Duke Family in Charleston

This later reference in Charleston relates to the Duke family and their Huguenot connections.

A notice appeared in the 26 Sep 1816 issue of The Times of Charleston:^¹⁴⁷ “Died, on Tuesday last, Eliza Spierin Duke, an infant of John Grand __ H. Duke.”

The Spieren family was found in Charleston, and also in Georgetown, SC, where a George H. Spieren was a founding member of the Georgetown Library in 1799, along with James Bond Read.^¹⁴⁸ In addition, a George Heartwell Spierin, a student of law, published his book “Poems” in Charleston in 1804.^¹⁴⁹ Similar careers are found in members of the Sumter District-Charleston Dukes family who combined careers in law and poetry.

On 3 June 1847 the marriage of Ths. O. Dukes and Mary Ann V. Elmore by Dr. Bachman was recorded in the Schirmer Diary.^¹⁵⁰

John Clives Dukes

A John C. or John “Clives” Duke appears in the South Carolina archival records. There was a Cleave family in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish; this might account for the name.

The earliest definite reference to John “Clives” Duke was on 2 March 1811 with a bill of sale for a male slave named Jery, about 8 or 9 years old, from George Fisher.^¹⁵¹ In Oct 1820 John C. Duke is found in the summary process roll, vs. James Martin of Charleston.^¹⁵² In May of 1822, he is listed in “Bartholp, John G. vs John C. Duke and Jackson Brown, otherwise called, Duke and Brown, Summary Process Roll.”^¹⁵³ On 13 November 1822 he is listed in “Deliesseline, Francis G. vs John C. Duke, judgement roll.”^¹⁵⁴ In May 1823 he is listed in “Hoffman, George vs John C. Duke, summary process roll.”^¹⁵⁵ The Hoffman suit appears to have been over a brandy bill for $29.50. The documents associated with these cases have been examined and none of these transactions is very revealing regarding the origins of John Clives Duke, although they suggest business transactions in the Charleston and occasionally Georgetown areas.

He is the earliest member of the Dukes family listed in the Charleston federal census, in 1820 on page 52. His household included two boys below 10, one male 26-45, one female 10-16, one female 16-25, one female 26-45, and a number of other individuals, slave and free. His neighbors included Peter Johnston, Adam Hasty, Garret DeBow, John Bull, and Nicholas Mashburn. The census shows that he was born in 1775-1794. His financial activities suggest that he would not have been born later than 1790, and probably somewhat earlier.

Francis Dukes

In 1830 Francis Duke was listed on Charleston Neck, p. 128. He was 20-30 years old, with additional males in the household including one under 5 years old and one 15-20 years old. His wife was 20-30 years old. Francis himself was born in 1800-1810.

In 1840, Henry Dukes and Francis Dukes were listed on Charleston Neck, page 118. Neighbors included Robert Adger, John Blakeley, and John St. Martin. Francis Dukes was 30-40 years old and unmarried, living with one free colored person. He was born in 1800-1810.

Francis “Duc” and W. C. Dukes were among those petitioning for the right to vote in Charleston elections:

Description: INHABITANTS OF CHARLESTON NECK RESIDING IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF CHARLESTON, PETITION ASKING TO BE GRANTED THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN CITY ELECTIONS SINCE THEY ARE SUBJECTED TO TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS BY THE CORPORATE AUTHORITIES. (10/7 PAGES)

Names Indexed: BROWN, ALEXANDER/CLARK, JOHN/KECKELEY, EDWARD C./DUC, FRANCIS/RODGERS, E. H./BLAKELY, JOHN/JOHNSON, T. W./SMITH, BENJAMIN/MICHEL, JOHN/RHETT, JAMES SMITH/BRYAN, JOHN/LEGARE, JAMES/DUKES, W. C./ADGER, JAMES/ADGER, ROBERT/EGLESTON, GEORGE W./SMITH, JAMES/GREGG, WILLIAM/ROBINSON, JAMES/BENTHAM, ROBERT

In 1834 James Adger joined W. C. Dukes and others in establishing the Second Presbyterian Church of the City and Suburbs of Charleston (Series Number S165015, Year 1834, Item 00004, Date 1834/11/23).

William C. Dukes observed in 1832 that he was moving back to his old residence on Charleston Neck, so he may be closely related to Francis and Henry Dukes, possibly their brother.

William C. Dukes

William Christopher Dukes was born 14 Mar 1794. His mother was Mary Byrd, born in Halifax County, VA. He was a friend of poet William Gilmore Simms,^¹⁵⁶ who described him as “a fine gentleman, of fine ability, a young man of excellent Charleston family.” William C. Dukes was a poet, but abandoned poetry for being a factor.^¹⁵⁷ Simms lived in Charleston but his Summerton property was the Spring Hill Plantation on Jack’s Creek, Santee River, Clarendon County, Sumter District.

Monday October 29 1832 I removed from the corner of Anson and Society Streets back to my old residence, King Street road, on Charleston Neck.

Francis “Duc” and W. C. Dukes were among the Charleston Neck inhabitants petitioning for the right to vote in Charleston elections in 1838.^¹⁵⁹

Numerous SCDAH records show that William Christopher Dukes was a member of the Directors of the Bank of the State of South Carolina (for example, Series: S165005 Year - ND00 Item - 05307 Page - 00 Date: 1857 C.)

Joseph H. Dukes

In 1850 Joseph H. Dukes was listed on page 99, St. Michael and St. Phillips, age 30, attorney-at-law. He was born in 1820. Joseph was the oldest son of William Christopher Dukes.

William Dukes, St. Stephens, Charleston County, SC

The federal census of 1830 lists William Dukes in St. Stephens, Charleston Co, p. 188. William Dukes was 50-60 years old, with additional males including one under 5 years old, one 5-10 years old, and one 10 to 15 years old. Females included one 40-50 years old, and additional females included one under 5 years old, one 5-10 years old, one 10-15 years old, two 15-20 years old and one 20-30 years old. Unfortunately this census was alphabetized and no meaningful census neighbors can be identified.

William was born in 1770-1780. The St. Stephens location indicates that he was between the Santee and the Cooper rivers, above St. Thomas and St. Denis and above St. James Santee. It extended inland to Gaillard’s Island on the Santee, and took in the area east of St. Julien Plantation to the Santee.

Use of the same surveyor strongly suggests that this plat in Wambaw Swamp, St. Thomas Parish, was filed bu the same individual.^¹⁶¹ Wambaw Swamp is below Shulerville and Echaw. Today it is on the boundary between Charleston and Berkeley counties.

An 1829 reference in the records of the Charleston County Ordinary shows that William Dukes and Elizabeth Wright Dukes were involved in a legal action against a couple named Brazil regarding settlement of the estate of Jeremiah Wright.^¹⁶² The only Jeremiah Wright of an appropriate age found in the South Carolina census was in Williamsburg in 1800, Marion District, listed on page 91. He was listed near the Matthews family, and also John Frierson, Joseph Scott, and John Brockington. In 1790 Jeremiah Wright was listed in St. Thomas, the Cheraws District, on page 47. He is listed near the Simons and Dubose families.

William Dukes, St. James Goose Creek

A William Dukes was owner of substantial lands in St. James Goose Creek in the 19^th century. St. James Goose Creek lay on the west of the Cooper River, across from St. Thomas and St. Denis. It extended inland as far as Nelson’s Ferry on the Santee, and included Dean’s Swamp on the Four Holes, and the Four Holes as far inland as the modern Orangeburg County boundary.

A plat for 1,830 acres in St. James Goose Creek was filed by William Dukes but is undated.^¹⁶³ In 1835 a plat was filed for another 149 acres.^¹⁶⁴

Dukes’ land on the Four Holes Swamp and in St. James Goose Creek Parish would have been on the Four Holes from just east of Harley’s Tavern at the Four Holes Bridge north up to the Orangeburgh line above Dean Swamp,

James A. Dukes, Summerville, Colleton County

A James A. Dukes was among those petitioning to create the Summerville Presbyterian Church in 1859.

Dinah Dukes

In 1840 Dinah Dukes was listed on P. 129 of the Charleston census. All listed in the household were slaves.

Anna M. Dukes

Anna M. Dukes was listed on p. 245 of the Charleston census in 1850. She was 17 years old, and was in the household of Margaret M. McKenzie, age 35. The household appears to be a boarding house.

Benjamin Duke on the Wateree River, Lancaster County

A Benjamin Duke who is far removed geographically from Charleston also appears to connect with this family.

An article in the Transactions of the SC Huguenot Society, based on a list made by Gaillard in about 1900, identifies two South Carolina land grants to Dukes as grants to Huguenots. These were those of Benjamin Duke on 15 May 1751 for 250 acres on the Wateree River and that of Robert Duke for 150 acres on 3 June 1765.^¹⁶⁵ Both are in Craven County, both ultimately in Lancaster County, the second being the Robert Duke of Cedar Creek grant.

The first property acquired by the Duke family in Camden District appears to be a grant of 250 acres on the Wateree River, Craven County, to Benjamin Duke. The plat is dated 10 Oct 1749, and the grant is dated 15 May 1751.^¹⁶⁶ County records show that Benjamin and Mary Duke acquired property in Lancaster County in 1751;^¹⁶⁷ this could be the property represented by the following state grant:

Book B., p 71 - Lancaster County, SC. Benjamin Duke and Wife Mary. 250 acres in Craven County on N. side of Wateree River. Granted 15 May 1751. Book NN folio 24.

There is a reference to Benjamin Duke’s land on the Wateree River, adjacent to that of Robert Harrison, mariner:^¹⁶⁸

27 August, 1767. Lease and Release. Anthony Gillmore to Robert Harrison, mariner, both of Charleston, for 40 pounds currency, 150 acres in St. Marks Parish, Craven County, bounding SE on Lewis Buckingham & vacant land; SW on Santee River; other sides on vacant land; also 50 acres in Craven County on NE side Wateree River, bounding SE on Benjamin Dukes, other sides on vacant land. Wit: M. Lucullus Ryall, John Nevin. Before Fenwicke Bull, J. P. and P. Register.

1 & 2 February, 1770. Lease and Release. Robert Harrison of Charlestown, Berkley County, SC to Benjamin Farar of St. Mathews Parish for 750 pounds SC money, 150 acres in St. Mark’s Parish adj. Luis Buckingham on Santee River originally granted to John Cameron 21 June 1765 also a tract of 50 acres on northeast side of Wateree River in Craven County adj. Benjamin Dukes originally granted to James Lynah 4 June 1759. Robert Harison (LS) Wit: Andw Broughton Sener, Andrew Broughton.^¹⁷⁰ Proved in Berkley County by the oath of Andw. Broughton Senr 15 March 1770 before Wm. Thomson.^¹⁷¹ Recorded 26 March 1778.

James Linagh or Linayh or Lynah had a plat for 50 acres in Craven County adjacent to Benjamin Duke, recorded on December 21, 1756,^¹⁷² and recorded a memorial for the land on December 5, 1761.^¹⁷³ James Lynah also appears in South Carolina records in 1770 when he obtained a writ of dedimus to prove the last will of John Snow, late of St. Johns Parish and qualify the Executors.^¹⁷⁴ This connection to the Snow family is reminiscent of the Thomas Goodman Duke connection with the Snow family, and specifically with the uncle of this John Snow of St. Johns Parish, John Snow of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish.

The Benjamin Farrar^¹⁷⁵ with whom Robert Harrison engaged in a lease and release transaction was a prominent citizen of Amelia Township. However, he was lived earlier in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, where his daughter Mary was born.^¹⁷⁶ In 1769 he was removed as a justice of the peace in Orangeburgh District for involvement with the Regulators, but was a member of the Provincial Congress of 1775, representing Saxe-Gotha Township, Orangeburgh District, in company with William Henry Drayton, Barnard Elliott, William Arthur, Jonas Beard, and William Tucker. In 1776 Farrar was a justice and an election commissioner for Saxe-Gotha Township, in company with Jonas Beard, John Savage, and others.^¹⁷⁷ Jonas Beard appears to be of the same St. Matthews area Baird family that was related to Elizabeth Johnston Lemons, daughter of Barbara Fuster Brunson Lammons Duke.

Andrew Broughton, Sr., witness to Robert Harrison’s legal transaction, was a son of Col. Thomas Broughton and a nephew of Robert Johnson (often spelled Johnston), early Governor of South Carolina, whose will was proved in 1735.^¹⁷⁸ Col. Thomas Broughton was Lt. Gov. of South Carolina under Gov. Johnson, during the period when Amelia Township, Orangeburgh Township, and Saxe-Gotha Township were established. Broughton signed the first land grant in the Amelia area, to John Hearn, in 1733.^¹⁷⁹ The Broughton family was from St. John’s Parish, Berkeley County, SC.^¹⁸⁰ Thomas Broughton, merchant of Charleston, was owner of the Charming Sally, a 19-ton schooner out of Charleston that was built in 1750 and registered 7 May 1751.^¹⁸¹

The Broughtons were related to the Ragin and Dukes families of Sumter District. Andrew Broughton’s son Thomas Broughton had a son Nathaniel Broughton who had a son Edward Nathaniel Broughton (born 1749). Edward Nathaniel Broughton married Elizabeth Ragin. Elizabeth Ragin was the daughter of John Henry Ragin and Elizabeth Dukes, daughter of William C. Dukes.^¹⁸² Even later, Edward Nathaniel and Elizabeth Ragin Broughton had a son, John Henry Broughton, who married Margaret Wright. They had a daughter, Jeanette Broughton, who married John Ragin. Also, there was the marriage between James Laurens and Mary Broughton, on 10 March 1752, in St. Phillip’s, Charleston.^¹⁸³ A James Laurens married Mary Duke Crawford in Prince Frederick Winyaw Parish on August 19, 1761.^¹⁸⁴ An inquiry was listed at the Sumter County GenWeb site:

Herbert Broughton 12 Feb 1997. . .. Nathaniel Broughton left Sumter District (Clarendon Co) in 1816 for Alabama. He lived in an area called Halfway Swamp. He was married to a Sarah Benbow. His father was Edward or Edward Nathaniel. His mother was Elizabeth Regan, daughter of William Regan. His brother, John, had moved to Greene County, Ga. some years earlier. Another brother, Edward, remained in Sumter, S.C. He arrived in Monroe County, Alabama in Jan. or Feb. of 1817.

Witnesses to Gov. Robert Johnson’s will were G. Anson, Jas. Lloyd, Jno Fenwick, and Andw Rutlidge. James Lloyd, it will be remembered, was at this time the captain of the Happy, the ship of the Royal Navy on which Nicholas Duke was serving at the time of his death in 1732. Andrew Rutledge was involved in a lease and release transaction with Edward Hazelwood of Christ Church Parish in 1740.

In 1759 Benjamin Duke served in the French and Indian War, and was identified with St. David’s Parish.^¹⁸⁵

There also was another reference to a Benjamin Duke, who married Rachael Higgins in Charleston. A reference identified him as a house-carpenter of St. Phillips Parish in 1784. It is not likely that this Benjamin Duke was the same as that in St. Thomas and St. Dennis. Benjamin Duke, planter of St. Thomas and St. Denis, is unlikely to have changed to Benjamin Duke, house-carpenter of St. Phillips, in only a year.

This Benjamin Duke could also be the Mr. Duke of Henry Lauren’s 1768 letter regarding the Altamaha River.

“Mr. Duke” on the Althamaha

On 9 February 1768, Henry Laurens wrote to John Polson regarding his affairs in Georgia:^¹⁸⁶

This goes by Mr. William Bruce who if he likes Turtle River will carry some of his own & some of my hands there to saw Pine Lumber. . . He will also pay you a Sum of Money for which you will send a Receipt on my Account and as I have engaged a Complete Carpenter to send to Altamaha shall have no further Use for Mr. Duke, therefore have order’d Mr. Noble to discharge him, & send me his Account. In the meantime perhaps the poor Man may be in want of a little Money; in such Case be so good as to let him have Part of his balance & Charge it to me.”

The Altamaha flows through Tatnall Co GA. SCDAH records show many grants on the Altamaha, principally to the usual suspects in Charleston, including Henry Laurens, in 1763.

The Mr. Duke in question is unlikely to be William or Thomas Goodman Duke, both mariners by profession. The real estate transaction between Barbara and Michael Dukes of Orangeburg in the same year implies that Joseph Dukes was deceased at this time. Benjamin Duke, carpenter of Charleston, is a possibility.

John Duke, planter of Buckhead, issued a Bill of Sale on December 1, 1756 for 35 to Andrew Nowland, yeoman of Buckhead for a Negro woman named Peg. Wit: Tho. Bautch and George Upton. Recorded April 18, 1759. Georgia Colonial Book J, 1755-1762, pp 245-246. [Buckhead was located near Brier Creek which runs through present-day Burke and Screven Counties.]

The same Laurens letter speaks ill of young Mr. Noble; he apparently did not follow Laurens’ directions properly.

Joseph Dukes of Orangeburg

Joseph Duke of Orangeburg and his family are documented in detail in a separate file. However, much evidence points toward his derivation from the Dugue/Duke family in the Charleston area. Some of this evidence can be very briefly summarized.

Joseph Duke appeared in extant Orangeburgh, SC, records in 1750. At that time he had at least one surviving son from a first marriage and had embarked on a second marriage, to Margaret Eisenhut, a German-Swiss from Appenzell. A later third marriage was also to a German-Swiss, Barbara Fuster Brunson Lammons. We have no information on his first wife or other children by that first wife, although land grant sizes suggest that there were perhaps two more children from that first marriage, and it seems especially likely that there was an oldest son named Isaac. Michael, his oldest surviving son when Joseph died sometime before 1768, named his oldest son Isaac. Other documented sons from the second and third marriages were Thomas and George Alexander Dukes, and yDNA studies have established that a James Dukes was either Joseph’s son or the son of an extremely close relative of his. The names James, Isaac, and Thomas have all been documented in the Dugue family, and it is especially likely that Joseph was a son of Isaac Dugue.

An assumption has been made over the years that Joseph Duke was of English descent. However, documentary evidence does not support any close connection with a known Duke family of English origin, and yDNA studies have now eliminated the known Duke families of English descent in the southern colonies as potential sources of the Orangeburg Dukes family (for detailed information see http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dukedna/dukedna.html). This also by extension eliminates the Barbados option suggested by Alexander S. Salley Jr., since the Barbados family is derived from the same extensive English Duc/Duke family that has been tested through Maryland and Virginia descendants. Swiss options have also been considered and conclusively rejected.

The positive evidence for Joseph having an origin in the Duke families of the Charleston area is strong. First, they are the only other Dukes who have been identified in South Carolina in 1750 when Joseph Dukes appeared in Orangeburgh. Also, in Orangeburgh Joseph Duke was most closely associated with people who had connections with the Dugue and Duke families of the Charleston area.

Joseph Duke’s connections with several non-Swiss families stand out. The first is the Fauré family, both Peter Fauré, grandson of Peter Fouri of the Child-Guérard Colony, and his relative John Farree or Fauré. Peter Fauré was a baptismal sponsor for at least one of Joseph’s children, and there were various other connections with both Peter and John.

Another is the Pendarvis family. It has long been apparent from parish and land records that Joseph Dukes’ family had close association with that family, although Pendarvis records effectively eliminate the possibility of a close tie of kinship with Joseph Duke. However, the Pendarvis family town lots in Charleston were one-half block from the DuGué family property at Lot #70 on Church St., which was owned by James Dugue in 1732, although it had been inherited by Marianne Dugue Fitch in the 1696 disposition of Jacques DuGué’s estate. Also, the largest Fitch family land holdings were at Spoons Savannah, where they were adjacent the largest land holdings of the Pendarvis family. In addition, the Fitch family had specific Orangeburgh connections, with John Fitch having been married there by the same Rev. Giessendanner whose parish records document Joseph Duke.

The Fauré and Pendarvis families were connected in the Charleston area with the Hearns and Hasforts. These two families had additional Dugue associations. The earliest (1732) settler in the Orangeburg area was John Hearn, whose family was from Newtown Creek, James Island. The earliest and largest DuGué family land grant was in 1685, on Newtown Creek, James Island. Joseph Duke settled near Hearn’s Orangeburgh land grant, which was immediately south of what is now the town of Orangeburg.

The Tucker family was also associated with both the Dugues and Joseph Dukes of Orangeburg, The Tuckers moved to Cattle Creek, adjacent Joseph Dukes, in the mid-1760’s after having begun life in South Carolina in 1685 as ship captains from Bermuda living near the Dugue grant on James Island. They first moved inland to Colleton County, where they were associated with the same families as the Dugues in Colleton County. There, John Tucker witnessed a land transaction between Jonathan and Tobias Fitch.

Similarly, Samuel Davis, who married Joseph Duke’s sister-in-law in his third marriage, Salome Fuster, is apparently from a Davis family with several generations of connections with the DuGué family. These include their early residence on Newtown Creek, James Island, near the first Jacques DuGué land grant. In 1702 Capt. David Davis was bound with John Beringer for the estate of Col. John Berringer of Barbados. One of the appraisers of this estate was Abraham Delaplane.^¹⁸⁷ Abraham Fleury de la Plane was the father of Maryanne Dugue, widow of James Dugue II. Also, it has been shown that in 1712 Samuel Davis had land in Colleton County on Toogoodoo Creek, placing them near the Fitch and Pendavis families. Also, this Davis land was adjacent that of Cato Ash and his family. Cato Ash was listed as an executor for the will of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke. Ann Davis was a witness for the will of Joan Duke.

Overall, it is the family of Tobias and Marianne Dugue Fitch that stands out as most closely associated with Joseph Dukes of Orangeburgh. The involvement of the Fitch family in Indian affairs and inland trade suggest influences that might have led Joseph Duke to settle in a new inland settlement, Orangeburgh.

Peter and James Duke in North Carolina

The name Peter is rare in Duke families of English descent. That, the conjunction with the name James, and the location in a coastal area make the following of possible interest, although there is no other evidence that they are related to the Duke families in the Charleston area:

Bk 14, pg 223 - 30 July 1767 - Jeramiah Taylor purchased from Ebenezer (x) CULLEN - land on Adams Creek. 3 pds for 50 acres. Wit: Peter Duke, Henry Lawly, James (x) Duke.

Adams Creek is a tributary of the Neuse River that formed part of the boundary between Craven and Carteret counties. This is near the Pamlico Sound on the coast.

In connection with the estate of Thomas Nelson, THOMAS NELSON I Estate Records in Secretary of State file NC State Archives.

Both Peter and John Dukes are listed as single men in the 1779 tax list (North Carolina Archives, Craven County, NC - 1779 Tax List - Capt. Tooley's District).

On 21 Dec 1847 Joshua Dukes married Catherine Piver at Christ Episcopal Church, New Bern, NC. (Christ Episcopal Church Parish Register).

And, from the Elizabeth Moore Papers, Collection No. 322, East Carolina University Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC:

John S. Nelson, Guardian of Elizabeth Dukes. John Carney, Benjamin Mason, John Parsons, Sr., Samuel Cook, and William Biggs appointed Commissioners, December Term 1799. Estate of Peter Dukes, Deceased, Lot No. 1 on the West side of Adams Creek to William Cottle. Lot No. 2 assigned to Elizabeth Dukes, 11 Feb. 1800. Signed by Benjamin Marshall, John S. Nelson, Guardian, John Carney, Samuel Cook, John Parsons, and William Biggs.

The name Peter Duke is also found as a witness to the will of Thomas Russell, Craven County NC, 4 Feb 1744. Bequests include son John daughters Mary Smith and Jemima Cullings, John Smith son of Winfree, wife Elizabeth Executrix. Jno. Williams and Jno. Miller were witnesses with Peter Duke. (Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. I, Contents - July, 1900, Page 378). Note that Ebenezer Cullen is referenced in the 1798 document by Jeremiah Taylor in Craven Co NC.

Families associated witih the Dugue and duke Families

Cammel (Campbell)

The name Cammel (Campbell) appears in the ccontext of Mary Cammel, niece of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke. Mary married James Cammel, deceased at the time of Joan’s will. The name Cammel is a misspelling of Campbell that appears rather frequently in South Carolina references.

Mary Camel was born to James Camel and his wife Ann and was christened on 29 Dec 1759 in St. Phillip’s Parish.^¹⁸⁸ Jane Camell married George Fickline in St. Phillip’s Parish on 13 May 1742. ^¹⁸⁹ James Simpson, shoemaker, was certified to administer the estate of Elizabeth Cammel, widow, St. Phillip’s Parish, as her principal creditor.^¹⁹⁰ In 1763, William Cammell engaged in a lease and release transaction with Sara Seawright.^¹⁹¹

The references to Cammels in Giessendanner’s record of the Orangeburgh parish range from 1741 to 1754:

On Thursday 31 dec 1741 Baptiz William Weekly Leg. child Thomas Weekly & his wife spon—Freeman Shnellgrove^¹⁹² W. Cammel & Mrs. Cammel.^¹⁹³

[1750] On Saturday, September 22^nd. In ye Church of Orangeburgh. By Banns. Miles Riley and Elizabeth Weekly, widow of Thomas Weekly, of Amelia Township, deceased. Being present: William Cammel, William Cooper, Caspar Ott.^¹⁹⁴

[1752] On Sunday Mar 10^th. In Amelia. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Barker; born March 17^th last. Susceptr. John Russell, Elizabeth, wife of Miles Riley, and Mary Cammel.^¹⁹⁵

[1754] On Sunday May 26^th In Orangeburgh Church. Mary, Daughter of Thomas & Mary Eberhardt; born Mar 22d 1754. Suscept = John Amacher Jun., Mary Cammel and Margaret, wife of Michael Christopher Rowe.^¹⁹⁶

The Mary Cammel of the Giessendanner record clearly is not the minor child mentioned by Joan in 1771. However, the Weekly and Barker families were from the Charleston area and the Orangeburg Cammels were probably related to Joan Duke’s relatives.

Two individuals named James Cammel are listed in the 1790 census of the Orangeburgh District, South. One household included 3 males over 16 years old, one female over 16 years old, and three slaves. The other included one male over 16, one male under 16, and one female over 16.

DuBordieu

Description: TROVILLART, FLORENT PHILIP, MEMORIAL FOR 230 ACRES ON POOSHEE SWAMP, BERKELEY COUNTY, EXHIBITING A CONVEYANCE DATED MAY 13, 1701 FROM SAMUEL DUBOURDIEU. (4 PAGES)

Names Indexed: TROVILLART, FLORENT PHILIP/DUBOURDIEU, SAMUEL/BONEAU, JAMES/GERRARD, PETER/WARD, MICHAEL/

Judith Dubourdieu acquired land on King Creek of the Savannah River near Joseph Wragg, probably as an investment:

Description: WRAGG, JOSEPH, MEMORIAL FOR 8 TRACTS CONTAINING 5,000 ACRES IN GRANVILLE COUNTY.

Names Indexed: WRAGG, JOSEPH/KINLOCK, JAMES/WRIGHT, ROBERT/PURRY, JOHN PETER/ST. JOHN, JAMES/DANSON, JOHN/DUBOURDIEU, JUDITH/OWEN, THOMAS/BOND, JACOB/MCGIBBURY, JOHN/DUCKETT, GEORGE/BEATY, JAMES

Dudley

Robert Duke married Mary Phyllis Dudley in Charleston in 1735. A search of Charleston area records suggests that the Dudleys were not a numerous family in the Charleston area, and were mariners. A John Dudley was buried on 10 Sep 1736 in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston.^¹⁹⁷

Fauré Family

Fauré is a Huguenot name that frequently associated with the Joseph Duke(s) family of Orangeburg, SC. Pierre Fauré and John Farree or Fauré appear with Orangeburg family founder Joseph Dukes in both parish and land records, and are the only non-Swiss to do so repeatedly. St. Julién does not list the Fauré family, apparently because Pierre Fouri did not go through the legal process of naturalization once he was settled on his land in the Orange Quarter (St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, Berkeley County). However, the Fauré family is found in the Gaillard list. The family of Pierre “Fouri” immigrated on the Richmond in 16879/80 as part of the Petit-Guerard Colony, with which Jacques DuGué was also associated.^¹⁹⁸ They left London on the Richmond on 19 Dec 1679 and arrived at Oyster Point in South Carolina on 30 Apr 1680. The group included the Fleury de la Plane family, associated by marriage with the DuGués.

The Fauré family is described in Child’s article on the Petit-Guerard colony,^¹⁹⁹ and the Fouri family is a listed on the Gaillard List of South Carolina Huguenot names. Childs observes that Pierre Fouri failed to take the oath of naturalization, but is nevertheless shown on contemporary maps of the parish. Pierre Fauré was in possession of Pompion Hill Plantation before 1687, when he transferred ownership to Pierre St. Julien.^²⁰⁰

Claudius Fauré of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, probable son of the immigrant Pierre, was appointed guardian of John Hearn in 1715, along with Thomas Hasfort.^²⁰¹ In turn, Hearn and Childermas Croft (Secretary of Indian Affairs 1732-34) were designated as having responsibilities for the orphaned children of Joseph Pendarvis and Parthena in 1735.^²⁰²

Claudius Fauré witnessed the 1722/23 will of John Grimball of “Charles City”, hatter.^²⁰³

Abraham Ferré and Peter Bacot (second husband of Marianne Fleury DuGué, widow of Jacques DuGué II), were mentioned in the will of Charles Franchome “of Wandsworth, Surry.” Franchome died 20 Feb 1723.^²⁰⁴

Charles Franchomme was a cousin of Abraham Fleury, father-in-law of Jacques DuGué II.^²⁰⁵ Gourdin has documented that Charles was the son of Éstienne Franchomme (or Francommé) and his wife Benest, and was born in England. He was baptized 22 Jun 1645 (Huguenot Society of London, Publications, Vol.. XIII, p. 102). In 1712 he bought part of Lot 26, southeast corner of Broad and Church, from John and Mary Ester Postell. In 1719 he wrote his attorneys from England and they sold the lot to Daniel Huger. In his will he identifies both Isaac le Jay and his wife Madeleine Fleury as cousins.

The Franchome will also mentioned John “Perinot” (Peronneau). Much later, in 1747, Mary Fitch, daughter of Tobias Fitch and Mary Ann DuGué, married Isaac Peronneau. Franchome also had another connection with the DuGué family; he sued Tobias Fitch for payment of a debt in 1722 (Series Number S136002, Box 018A, Item 0118A).

John Holmes and François Farree of Christ Church Parish were sued by Joseph Wragg regarding a debt dating to Sep 1738. Paul Trapier was a witness, and the suit was filed 20 Apr 1741 (SC Archives, Judgement Rolls, 0151 02 025A 0036A 00). Joseph Wragg had married Marie DuGué, a daughter of James DuBose and his wife Judith DuGué. Paul Trapier had married Judith’s aunt Elizabeth DuGué.

This is probably the same individual found as Francois Farree in Christ Church Parish, SC, in 1738-41. Other names that were already familiar from the Charleston area joined the Purrysburg settlers.

Also, in 1743 Francois Fauré witnessed the will of Elizabeth Jaudon of the Parish of Prince George, Winyaw, along with Elias Jaudon and D. Baley (Charleston Will Book 1740-47, p. 182).^²⁰⁶ Elias Jaudon was the son of Daniel Jaudon and Judith Madeleine Videau; his wife was Elizabeth Robert Jaudon.

107. ISAAC PORCHER, né à St. Severe en Berry, fils d'Isaac Porcher, et de Suzanne Ferré. Claude Cheriny, sa femme. Isaac, Pierre, Élizabeth, Madelaine, et Claude, leurs enfans, néz en Angleterre, et en Caroline.

Peter Fauré and John Farree were in Orangeburg in the 1730’s and later. For example, in 1748/49 they appeared together in this reference:

Charleston Deed Book E-E, p. 183, 7 Jan 1748/9, Sale. Peter Faure, of Berkeley Co., to William Barrie, for 5 shillings, 200 a. in Orangeburgh Township, Berkeley Co., bounding SW on Pon Pon River; other sides on the Township. Witnesses: Benjamin Payton, John (his mark) Ferree, Catherine (her mark) Puckridge, Sarah (her mark) Fauré renounced her dower. Before Robert Austin, J.P. John Beale, Register.

Peter Fauré received one of the earliest Orangeburgh plats and became the primary surveyor of plats in the township during the 1750’s after the death of George Haig. In 1757 Peter Fauré was captain of the Fourhole Company of the South Carolina Militia.^²⁰⁷ Peter’s mother married Johann Dietrichs after the death of his father, and he had a half-sister, Barbara Dietrichs. Barbara Dietrich married Richard Hasfort, brother of Thomas and Joseph, and then John Jennings of Orangeburgh.

Both Peter Fauré and John Farree were associated on a variety of occasions and in varying contexts with Joseph Duke, founder of the Dukes family of Orangeburg (see Orangeburgh file). There is no other individual of non-Swiss origin with the strength of connections to Joseph Duke that can be shown for the Faurés, although Joseph also had significant ties to the Pendarvis family.

Fitch

The Fitch Family

Tobias Fitch’s father, Jonathan Fitch, had land grants in South Carolina as early as 1678. His 1699 plat references Spoons Savannah,^²⁰⁸ where John Pendarvis, grandfather of the later Pendarvis children of Orangeburg, was the other major landowner. William Cattell (Cattle) who gave his name to Cattle’s Creek in Orangeburg where Joseph Dukes later settled, had land there and in 1724 was one of those appointed to find land for the Kusso Indians, who had lived at Spoons.^²⁰⁹ A 1725/26 document shows that the Fitch family owned a 2300-acre plantation at Spoons.^²¹⁰

Jonathan Fitch was among those appointed in 1680 to mediate differences between settlers and Indians. Unfortunately, after two years the Proprietors revoked their authority because they oppressed rather than helped the Indians.^²¹¹

Jonathan Fitch and Thomas Rose of Accabee built the St. Andrews Parish church, according to Beatrice St. Julien Ravenel:^²¹²

The Act of November 4, 1704, provided for building, in the Low Country, six churches and their parsonages and gave the “several Supervisors for the building the several Churches, houses and other works” ample powers to impress labor and materials. Nothing, unfortunately, was said as to plans. On St. Andrew’s parish church, built under this act in 1706, appear the initials of its supervisors, J.F. and T.R. Samuel Lapham. F.A.I.A., has observed that these are the initials of two members of the vestry, John Fitch and Thomas Rose.

Old inventory books show that a John Fitch, dead by 1745, and a Thomas Rose, dead by 1733, both made bricks, and that Fitch was due payment from a customer for bricklaying and plastering work. It seems likely that he had done at least part of the job with his own hands, for he owned only one negro man, unlike Rose, who was master of nine. Whether these supervisors drew, or even selected the design of the church, is not known.

Description: CATTELL, BENJAMIN, MEMORIAL FOR 70 ACRES ON ASHLEY RIVER, BERKLEY COUNTY, SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A LEASE AND RELEASE FROM THOMAS FITCH OF JUNE 22 AND 23, 1739.

Names Indexed: CATTELL, BENJAMIN/FITCH, THOMAS/ANDREWS, BENJAMIN/ROSE, THOMAS/SANDERS, ROGER/

The Colonial Writs of Partition document that James Fitch married Ann Rose, daughter of Thomas Rose, and also show that the Fitch family owned land on the Ashley River adjacent lands owned by the Pendarvis family, as they did at Spoons:^²¹³

The said Thomas Elliott the Grandfather of the said Hephzibah Rose by his Will bearing date 9 June 1731 devised to the said Beuler Elliott (mother of said Hephzibah Rose) 60 acres of land . . . joining lands then belonging to Wm Pendarvis on Charleston Neck. That the said Thomas Elliott by his Will also gave to the said Beuler Elliott a tract of land at Stono called Mauren's (sic) nook containing about 400 acres. That the said Beuler Elliott entered into possession of said lands and being so seized intermarried with the aforesaid Thomas Rose (father of the said Hephzibah Rose) by whom she had issue the said Hephzibah and another Daughter named Ann, to whom as Coparceners upon the death of the said Beuler the lands descended. The aforesaid Thomas Rose by his Will bearing date 22 Jan. 1756 devised to his son Rich'd Thomas (sic) the brother of the said Hephzibah and Ann Rose a tract of land in Saint Pauls Parish containing 500 acres which he purchased from Edward Wilkins. That the said Richard Thomas died a minor of tender years, whereupon the said Hephzibah and Ann Rose entered into the said 500 acres as heirs at law of their father. That the said Ann Rose intermarried with James Fitch and by him had issue, a daughter now living named Beuler (the said Ann being dead) who is coheir with the said Hephzibah Rose. Your petitioner Hephzibah Rose hath lately arrived to the age of 21 years. Wherefore your petitioner humbly prays his Majesty's Writ of Partition.

Writ directed to Thomas Ferguson, Charles Elliott, James Stanyarne, Benjamin Williamson, and Jacob Stevens, commanding the desired partition. 1 June 1768.

Instruction to James Parsons Esqr and Andw Leitch Esqr to swear the above named commissioners. 1 June 1768. Sworn before Jas parsons 9 July 1768.

Plats shewing other adjacent owners: tract on Ashley River bounded North by Mr. John Prue, East by the High Road, South by Mr. Croft's land, formerly Wm Pendarvis. Mourice's (sic) Nook adjacent Mr. Archibald Stanyarne, land granted to Coll'o Robert Gibbs, now in possession of Archibald Stanyarne, and Mr. Joseph Smith. Third tract adjoined by Mr. Downs, Mr. Thos. Smith Senr, Mr. Joseph Stanyarne Senr, Mr. Richard Downs, Mr. Coats, and Arch'd Stanyarne.

Thomas Ferguson, listed among those to carry out the partition, married Anne Wragg, great-granddaughter of James Dubose and Marie DuGué Dubose.

Fleury de le Plaine

From: Abstracts of Records of Secretary of the Province 1692-1721 pg 8 --We, John Berringer and Capt. David Davis are bound unto Hon. James Moore, Esq., Gov., in sum of L2000 stg D: 20 Feb 1701/2 Condition of Obligation: John Berringer, admin of estate of Col. John Berringer, late of Barbados, dec., made inventory of said estate by 3 freeholders to Office of Sec. within 90 days after date hereof according to . . . . Wit: Edw. Moseley. Warrant of Appraisement: directed to Abraham DELAPLANE . . .

pg 407 --We, Peter Bacot, Daniel Bacot and Charles Franchome .. . admin of estate of Jacquine Bacot 8 Nov 1709 Memorandum: warrant of appraisement was given at same time directed to . . . Isaac FLEURY

From: Abstracts of Wills of Charleston District South Carolina and Other Wills Recorded in the District 1783-1800 by Caroline T. Moore p 26; Will Book A 1783-1786 Will of John Van Marjenhoff, Sr witnessed by Mary FLURRY dated 4 Apr 1783, Probated 8 July 1783

p 31 K-5,390-397: Lease and release 15 and 16 March 1784 Rawlins Lowndes of SC and Sarah his wife to John Middleton, late of London but now of Charleston . . . land formerly of the devisees of Andrew Allen deceased, Benjamin Marion, Benjamin DeLaplain deceassed . . . part of a tract of 1800 acres originally granted by the Lords Proprietors 17 May 1701 to John Berringer

p 320 V-5,382: John Berringer of Berkley County, Province of Carolina, to Frances Guerin, 50 acres of land English measure in the county aforesaid on the northeast on the branch of Goose Creek between the prebargained lands and lands of .. Abraham Delaplane . . . dated 25 Oct 1703. Recorded 14 Nov 1786

p321 V-5,383-385: South Carolina. 26 Feb 1732 Mathurin Guerin, yeoman and Elizabeth his wife of County Berkley, Parish of St. James, to Peter Guerin, cordwainer, of same county and parish , that . . . surveyer . . . dated 11 Dec 1692 did lay out unto Isaac FLEVERY, 50 acres in Berkley County, Parish of St. James, at the head of Yeaman's Creek, adj. lands of Major John Berringer and Frances Guerin deceased had a grant for 60 acres in Berkley County adj lands of said Isaac FLEVERY, said Frances Guerin and John Sto--, grant dated 14 Mar 1703 recorded in Book AA, fol 190 and said John Berringer dud sell unto Francis Guerin 50 acres bounded by lands of . . . Abraham D'L'Plane and Peter Bacot did grant to Frances Guerin 5.5 acres lately belonging to John Gibbs dated 13 Dec 1725 and said Isaac FLEVERY did sell to Francis Guerin 50 acres by deed dated 27 Apr 1697 . . . Entered 18 May 1733 Recorded 14 Nov 1786

p321 V-5,385-388 Lease and Release. 1 & 2 Feb 1757 Francis Brown of Craven County, Parish of St. James Santee and Mary his wife to Martin Folmer of Berkley County, Parish of St. James called Goose Creek . . . . reference to same land surveyed for Isaac FLEVERY as above . . . 14 Nov 1786 recorded 14 Nov 1786

p324 V-5,411-413 Lease and Release. 25 & 26 Nov 1771 Paul Smisser of Charlestown, Berkley County, SC to Conrad Keggeley of County and province aforesaid 350 acres in the parish of St. James Goose Creek adj. land of . . . one De La Plane deceased. Memorial entered in Book M. No. 12 page 35 12 Dec 1772 Recorded 2 Dec 1786

p 112 Book P-3 pp259-268 26 and 21 Feb 1770 Deed for William and Elizabeth Haggatt for 1440 acres bounded on W by Benjamin DELAPLAIN.

Deed regarding trust and lots of other legal stuff for William and Elizabeth Haggatt for 1440 acres bounded on W by Benjamin DE LAPLAIN

p70 Book Y p 475 16 & 17 Aug 1743 L&R by Mortgage for Isaac Peronneau and Mary his wife . . . being part of 500 a. granted Abraham DELAPLAN. Whereas the Lords Proprs. on 9 Sept. 1696 granted Abraham DELAPLAN 500 a. in Berkeley Co., bounding Se on Capt. James Moore; NW on John Boissand & Abramah DELAPLAN; SW & NE on land not laid out; & whereas DELAPLAN (by the name of Abraham FLOREE DELAPLAN, gentleman) by will 2 Aug 1721 devised to his loving brother Isaac FLOREE 833a for his natural life; & after his (Isaac's) death to his granddaughter Marian (wife of Tobias Fitch) for her natural life; & after her death, to his great grandson Stephen Fitch; and by default of his heirs to great granddaughter Mary Fitch & by default to said Marian for disposition etc.; and whereas said Marian is "daughter of aforessaid Marion" and is together with Isaac, legally possessed of the land by said will & whereas Mary married Isaac Peronneau . . . .

Samuel Bacot and Rebecca his wife to Gideon Faucheraud both of Berkeley Co., 150 acres being part of 160 a on N side Goose Creek Branch, Berkeley Co., bounding S on Abraham DELAPLAINE . . .

p151 BookD-D p 6 24 Nov 1747 sale of Execution for Rawlins Lowndes references "according to original grant from the Lords Proprs. to Isaac FLEURY."

p152 Book D-D p 15 29 & 30 Nov 1747 Deed for James Marion bounded on N on vacant land at time of original grant from Lords Proprs. on 28 Mar 1694 to Isaac FLEURY which 220a were conveyed by FLEURY by deed of Feofment dated 22 Feb 1712 to Benjamin Marion

From: South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772, Vol I by Langley, 1984 p351 Book T p 96 2 Aug 1738 Isaac Peronneau of St. James, Goose Creek, Berkeley Co., to Peter Marion of the same place 140a in St. James, Goose Creek part of 330a granted on 15 Sept 1705 to Abraham DELAPLANE and bequeathed by him on 2 Aug 1721 to Isaac FLORE . . . relationships stated as above . . .

p95 Book F p266 1&2 Sept 1726 Peter Bacot, and Mary his wife to Arthur Middleton 103 acres bounded on NW on MR. DELAPLAN . . .

p81 Book E p 277 11 & 12 Jul 1722 John Gibbes and Anne his wife to Arthur Middleton 1440 acres bounding W on Abraham DELAPLAINE . . .

p 191 Book La p 258 4 & 5 Apr 1720 John Gibbes and Anne his wife to Peter Bacot 132acres part of 1800 acres formerly belonging to John Berringer bounding NW on Mr. DELA PLAIN

From: Abstracts of the Wills of the State of South Carolina 1670-1740 Vol I by Moore and Simmons, 1960

p 37 Will Book 1692-1693 Will of Anthoine Prudhomme, Berkeley County Witnessed by J. Fleury Dated 20 Jul 1695

1748-1752, Holcomb, 1997 FLEUROT, Francis 4 Oct 1749 Warrant for 250 acres in Amelia Township

Abstracted from Journal of Court of Ordinary 1771-1775 Zachariah FLURRY of St. Michaels Parish petition to administer estate of Joseph FLURRY, deceased of St. Michaels Parish as next of kin and greatest creditor Dec 17, 1773 Above petition granted Dec 24, 1773

W. FLURRY married Beatrix Sandford (widow) from Richardson's Equity Cases {Charleston}

187 acres to be sold Aug 11 (1768?) in Amelia Township bounded on NW by Francis FLEUROTT

Petit Jurors for the Parish of St. Pauls District of Charles Town Zachariah FLURRY

Inventory of Robert Dunlap estate buyers include William FUERYS 10 Nov 1794 Fairfield County Will Book 2

From Marriage Notices in The South Carolina Gazette; and Country Journal and in The Charlestown Gazette, Salley, 1904

From Register of St. Philip's Parish Charlestown 1754-1810, Smith and Salley, 1971

Goodman

The earliest Goodman yet identified in South Carolina, Samuel Goodman, came to South Carolina in 1683 with Major Benjamin Waring, presumably settling with the Warings in Berkeley County on the Ashley River.^²¹⁴South Carolina Gazette listings refer to Samuel Goodman of Goose Creek in public notices dating from 18 October 1742 through 4 April 1743. The article classifications suggest legal transactions.^²¹⁵

A Thomas Goodman was a watchmaker with a shop in Charleston after 1732.^²¹⁶ This Thomas Goodman married Barbara Parry in Charleston in 1735, and Thomas and Barbara had a son, Peter, in 1738. We do not have the age of either Thomas Goodman or Thomas Duke, although both were apparently adults in 1735 and 1748, respectively, and it is seems unlikely that Thomas Goodman Duke could have been named for the Charleston watchmaker.

Thomas Goodman had a plat surveyed in Berkeley County on the Edisto River in 1737:

Names Indexed: GOODMAN, THOMAS/COACHMAN, JAMES/ST. JOHN, JAMES/DEAN, NATHANIEL/

Captain Thomas Goodman was mentioned by William Byrd in his diary as a visitor on April 4, 1740. A footnote in the diary explains that Thomas Goodman had entered the upper district of the James River on 3 Aug 1937 with his sloop Lucy from Barbados with 11 hogsheads and 2 tierces of rum (Virginia Gazette, 7-14 Dec 1739). At a meeting of the Council, Oct. 17, 1741, Thomas Goodman, commodore of the two sloops of war fitted out by the government, and captain of the sloop Ranger, was censured for neglect of duty and cowardice and an unsatisfactory account of his behavior in retaking a ship (Ex. Jour., Va. State Library copy, Oct. 17, 1741).^²¹⁷

A Thomas Goodman was also present in St. Andrews Parish, Jamaica, in the early 1700’s.

Hearn

John Hearn was the earliest settler in the Orangeburg area, immediately below the town itself. He has been described as John Hearn, “hatmaker of James Island.” He was at Orangeburg when the Swiss arrived in 1735, having settled his tract in 1732.^²¹⁸

Hearn was from Newtown Creek, James Island, Berkeley County. He was a descendant of Peter Hearn, Sr., an original settler at Oyster Point.^²¹⁹ Documentation provided in the earlier discussion of Peter Dugue showed Peter Dugue owning land on Newtown Creek near the Hearns in 1733.

Description: HEARNE, JOHN, MEMORIAL FOR 4 TRACTS CONTAINING 722 ACRES ON JAMES ISLAND, ST. ANDREWS PARISH. (2 PAGES)

Names Indexed: HEARNE, JOHN/ CHAPMAN, WILLIAM/WITTERS, JAMES/WESTBURY, EDWARD/PULFORD, JOHN/CARLISLE, WILLIAM/RUSSELL, WILLIAM/DRAKE, JONATHAN/DENNIS, CAPT./SCREVENS, WILLIAM/

Locations: JAMES ISLAND/SAINT ANDREWS PARISH/BERKELEY COUNTY/MIDDLE BAY ISLAND/NEWTOWN CREEK/WAPPOO CREEK

Peter Herne (Hearn) was granted Charleston town lot #15 on 8 May 1683. This lot is immediately adjacent lot #35, which was owned by James Dugue following sale of lot #70, which became the site of the Dock Street Theater in 1736.

John Hearn appears in the jury lists of South Carolina for James Island in 1720 (grand and petit juror), 1740 (grand and petit juror) and 1757 (petit juror). He appears in the St. Andrews Parish in 1731 (petit juror), 1737 (grand and petit juror) and 1767 (grand juror).

An on-line source indicates that there was a John Hearn’s Fort near what is now Orangeburg in 1716-18 during the Yamasee War, guarding that route to Charleston.

Hasfort

In 1738 Joseph Hasfort was enumerated in St. Andrews Parish, which included James Island, where the Anglican parish church was built by Thomas Rose and Jonathan Fitch, father-in-law of Marianne DuGué Fitch.

Description: HASFORT, JOSEPH, PLAT FOR 132 ACRES OF LAND IN COLLETON COUNTY.

Names Indexed: HASFORT, JOSEPH/PENDARVIS, JOSEPH/CATTLE, JOHN/NICHOLS, HENRY/DRAYTON, ANNE/ST. JOHN, JAMES/MILES, JOHN/

Joseph Hasford appears in the South Carolina jury lists for 1736 in St. George Dorchester Parish and for 1740 in St. John’s Goose Creek Parish.

Laurens

The beneficiary of the estate of Nicholas Duke was John Laurens; James Laurens was a witness.

James and John Laurens were involved in merchant activities in Charleston. James Laurens married first Hannah Rivers, widow, on 30 Jan 1724/5, in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston, SC. There was a later marriage of a James Laurens to Mary Broughton, on 10 March 1752, again in St. Phillip’s.^²²⁰ A James Laurens, merchant, dealt in ironwear and later in dry goods.

A John Laurens was a saddler in early Charleston.^²²¹ In 1729 that John Laurens (Lawrens), saddler of Charleston, bought 340 acres called Mavericks on the northwest side of Goose Creek. granted 14 Jul 1677 to John Maverick. He paid £1000.^²²²

On the 27th of June 1735/36, Hannah Lawrence, widow of James Lawrence, petitioned for a grant of 500 acres that had been surveyed for her late husband, and the petition was granted.^²²³

The witness is probably the same individual mentioned in a petition to the South Carolina Council on 2 Aug 1749:^²²⁵

The discussion of Thomas Goodman Duke, mariner, documents his presence in St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish in the 1730’s and 1740’s, and his association with the Dutarque family there. This Laurens connections is shared with Nicholas Duke.

A Henry Laurence was part owner of the Fly, a 15-ton sloop out of Charleson registered 7 July 1757. It had been taken from the French by privateer sloops Weesel and Squirrel, David Finto and John Jones, commanders, and condemned as lawful prize Brunswick, NC, 3 May 1757.^²²⁶

James Laurens also became part owner of several substantial ships registered in Charleston. The Liberty, at 160 tons, was one of the larger ships registered there.^²²⁷ Co-owners were Edward Neufville of Bristol, England, John Neufville, and also John Edwards and Charles Dewar, merchants of South Carolina. The Liberty was registered in South Carolina in 1767, and in London in 1768. An even larger ship, the Pallas, a 200 ton ship, John Turner, master, was registered in 1774 in Charleston.^²²⁸ Co-owners with James Laurens were Roger Smith, John Edwards, Charles Dewar, Peter Bacot, John Turner (all merchants, Charleston) and John Nutt (merchant, London).

The Laurens name also occurs in the history of the Duke family in the context of the Henry Laurens letter mentioning “Mr. Duke.”

Le Bas

The Records of the Secretary for the Province show the following regarding the estate of James Dugue:^²²⁹

January 18, 1695-6, John Lebas, Henry Le Noble and Peter Guerard executed their bond to Governor Archdal for Lebas’s faithful performance of his trust as administrator of the estate of James Dugue, late of Charles Town, deceased. Witness: Charles Odingsells (Page 231).

Virginia Gourdin has suggested that Lebas (Le Bas) might have been a business partner of Jacques DuGué.^²³⁰ This may well be true. Aside from his important role as administrator of the estate of Jacques DuGué, he witnessed legal documents while in Jamaica relating to the estate of Susanna Barker, suggesting that he too was involved in Jamaican trade.^²³¹

Numerous SCDAH documents (for example, S372001 Vol. 00N0 Page 00300 Item 00 Date 1731-1734) show the Le Bas family, beginning with Capt. Paul Le Bas, in St. John’s Parish, on Biggins Creek. James, John and Peter Le Bas owned land adjacent John Colleton in St. John’s Parish and their families transacted business with the Colletons on several occasions (for example, SCDAH Series No. S111001, Vol. 0003, Page 00421, Item 01). Even this early, relationships between lowcountry families were complex. Judith Du Bourdeaux, daughter of Samuel Du Bourdeaux and his wife Judith DuGué, married James Colleton.^²³² Fairlawn, the Colleton plantation, was immediately below Moncks Corner. Biggins Branch is shown immediately northeast of Moncks Corner on the 1773 Mouzon map of South Carolina. The Bonneau family is shown near its headwaters.

There was a 200 acre grant in 1735 to James Le Bas in Berkeley County, the plat having been surveyed by George Haig (plat S213184, Vol. 0003, p. 00385, Item 01, Date 1735/09/30; grant S213019 Vol. 0002 P. 00259, Item 00, Date 1735/02/14).

In 1736 James “Lea Bas” had a plat for 407 acres surveyed in Berkeley County on the Pon Pon (Edisto) River adjacent “James” (Joseph?) Hasfort (SCDAH Series No. S213184, Vol. 0002, Page 00429, Item 01, Date 1736/01/04).

There also was 200 acre 1736 grant to James Lebas in Berkeley County (S213019 Vol. 0041 Page 00139 Item 00).

The Susan Smythe Bennett map of plats in and around Amelia Township shows two Le Bas grants. The first is shown immediately east of what is now Creston in Calhoun County, below a later 500 acre grant to John Fouquette and above a grant to Thomas Sabb. This property is immediately east of the road south to Monck’s Corner. It is listed as John Le Bas, 1735, 200 acres, but may be one of the above James Le Bas grants.

The second Le Bas grant is shown to the northwest on Ox Creek near Benjamin Carter and John Lacy, below Thomas Weekly and William Mitchell and above Peter Gourdine. John Waring of Colleton Co acquired a grant to the southwest of these, and adjacent Waring is a 1736 grant to Peter Fauré. This cluster of early grant properties is on the Cherokee Path, one of the routes for Indian trade with Charleston, and includes the 1704 property of George Sterling, earliest settler in the region.

Ann Lebas (widow of James) and Thomas Sabb were executors of James Lebas (S372001 Vol. 02MO Page 00148 Item 00 Date 1739-1753). In 1748/49 Ann Le Bas mortgaged 845 acres of land in Berekely County to Thomas Sabb (W372001 Vol. 02#0 P. 00127, Item 00). In 1751 Thomas Sabb was appointed manager of Fairlawn and Exeter plantations by Sir John Colleton, in a letter to Thomas and Nathanial Broughton designating them to handle the estate of his son John Colleton. There was also mention of an agreement between John Colleton and Morgan Sabb over management of Colleton’s southern barony (S213003 Vol. 002I Page 00185 Item 02 Date 1751/04/02). In 1756 Thomas Saab was surveyed a plat for 100 acres in Amelia Township adjacent Benjamin Carter, Ann Le Bas, Bell Broughton, John Lacey and William De Brahm (S 213184 Vol. 0006, Page 00184). A 1756 plat for 300 acres was adjacent Ann Le Bas, Benjamin Carter, William De Brahm in Amelia Township (S213184 Vol. 0006 Page 00198 Item 01 Date 1756/02/03).

Maverick, Davis and Ash: Joan Duke’s Associates

The executors of Joan Duke’s will were from the Newtown Creek, James Island, and other St. Andrews Parish locations, rather than from Christ Church Parish where William and Joan Duke lived.

Maverick

John Maverick was one of the early settlers at Oyster Point, where he arrived from Barbados (originally from Massachusetts) in 1671 as overseer for J. Stroud and Thomas Colleton. He was later a member of the Grand Council, and he obtained land on Newtown Creek, James Island. ^²³³

Samuel Maverick, who witnessed Joan’s will, lived on James Island.^²³⁴ There are also references to the Maverick family in Charleston itself.^²³⁵ Samuel was a house carpenter.^²³⁶ Benjamin Maverick was a mariner, also resident on James Island.^²³⁷ As was noted earlier, John Snow owned land adjacent that of John Maverick “on the back river” in the late 1600’s. On 19 Oct 1745 Benjamin Maverick was christened at St. Andrews Parish, Berkeley County, SC; his father was Samuell Maverick.^²³⁸ Samuel, son of Samuel Maverick and Catherine his wife, was baptised in September 1742 on James Island, St. Andrews Parish.^²³⁹

The Snows (John Snow owned land adjacent John Maverick “on the back river”) were also from Massachusetts, having come there from Barbados. The Mavericks, originally from the Honiton/Awliscombe area in Devonshire, were also in both Massachusetts and Barbados. John Mavericks were present in the mid-1600’s in St. Lucy’s Parish, Barbados, and at the same time in Boston, Suffolk County, MA.

Description: COON, HENRY, MEMORIAL FOR TWO TRACTS IN AMELIA TOWNSHIP, BERKLEY COUNTY, ONE FOR 50 ACRES SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A GRANT TO JOHN GEORGE ROLL OF JAN. 2, 1754 AND ONE FOR 50 ACRES SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A GRANT TO ANN ELIZABETH MILLER OF AUG. 13, 1756.

Names Indexed: COON, HENRY/MAVERICK/ROLL, JOHN GEORGE/BOWENS, HENRY/MILLER, ANN ELIZABETH/KELLER, MICHAEL/KELLER, ANN ELIZABETH/

It is interesting that the 1795 map of South Carolina shows “Waverick Creek” just below McCord’s Ferry; it appears to be what is now called Halfway Swamp.

Names Indexed: COON, HENRY/MAVERICK/ROLL, JOHN GEORGE/BOWENS, HENRY/MILLER, ANN ELIZABETH/KELLER, MICHAEL/KELLER, ANN ELIZABETH/

Ash

Cato Ash was listed as administrator of Joan Duke’s estate. He was from Colleton County, near the Fitch family lands.

He was listed in the 1757 muster roll of the 5th Company, Will Town District, St. Paul’s Parish, of the Colleton County, South Carolina, militia.^²⁴⁰

Cato Ash represented Charleston in 1775 in the Second Provincial Congress^²⁴¹ but he was born 22 Nov 1727 in Christ Church Parish, South Carolina.^²⁴² The single most interesting fact about Cato Ash is that his executor and brother, Joseph, was excommuncated by the Anglican church in South Carolina for misadministration of Cato Ash’s estate.^²⁴³ Ash was a descendant of John Ash, who was sent to England by the Dissenters in 1703 to lay their grievance before the Lords Proprietors. John Ash died in England in 1704 and his widow remarried, to Henry Livingston, and later to Charles Odingsell.

Davis

Ann Davis, who witnessed the will of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke, was the wife of David Davis of Berkeley and Colleton County.^²⁴⁴ Ann Davis and her family were on Newtown Creek, James Island, which was the location of the earliest DuGué family land grant:

Description: STERLING, NATHANIEL, MEMORIAL FOR 100 ACRES ON JAMES ISLAND SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A GRANT OF MAY 3, 1703 TO DAVID DAVIS.

Names Indexed: STERLING, NATHANIEL/DAVIS, DAVID/DAVIS, ANN/AIRES, ZACHARIAH/DAVIS, WILLIAM/

David Davis and John Maverick together with Capt. William Smith were bound for the estate of William Davis in 1698.^²⁴⁵ Capt. Samuel “Du B´rdier” was appointed an appraiser for that estate.^²⁴⁶

In 1702 Capt. David Davis was bound with John Beringer for the estate of Col. John Berringer of Barbados. One of the appraisers of this estate was Abraham Delaplane.^²⁴⁷ Abraham Fleury de la Plane was the father of Maryanne Dugue, widow of James Dugue II.

In 1712 David Davis was involved in a real estate transaction in Berkeley County for which Thomas Barker (who later was granted land in Amelia Township) was a witness.^²⁴⁸

Description: COCHRAN, JAMES, LAND GRANT FOR 190 ACRES IN COLLETON COUNTY ON TOOBEDO CREEK. TY ON TOOBEDO CREEK.

Description: DAVIS, SAMUEL, MEMORIAL FOR 400 ACRES ON TU BE DUE CREEK, COLLETON COUNTY.

This Davis land was adjacent that of the Ash family, also witnesses for the will of Joan Dukes in Christ Church Parish (Series S111001 Vol. 0007, Page 00537, Item 02, Date 1751/07/18).

Samuel Davis married Salome Fuster of Orangeburgh, sister-in-law of Joseph Duke of Orangeburg.^²⁴⁹ A Samuel Davis Jr. is found in SCDAH records as early as 1719 (Series: S136002 Box - 013A Item - 0058A ignore - 00 Date: 1719).

In 1732 Samuel Davis had a dispute with Joseph Fitch, reflected in a judgement roll (Series: S136002 Box - 019A Item - 0040A ignore - 00 Date: 1723).

Of the listings for Samuel Davis, the years 1720 and 1731 appear to represent the Colleton County Davis family.

The Ann Davis who witnessed the will of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke did not have any obvious connection to anyone named “Duke” but her family was clearly associated with members of the extended Dugue family.

Rose

The surname Rose is of interest as neighbors to the Fitch family, and also for having intermarried with the Fitches. Another Rose family was in Charleston and appears as neighbors there. Understanding which family is involved is useful. There were at least four Rose families in the early lowcountry, of whom at least these two appear to relate peripherally to early Duke family history.

Thomas Rose, Oyster Point and Charles Town

A Thomas Rose obtained a grant for 500 acres on the Cooper River in 1677. This was on the east side of the Cooper between Andrews and Falconer; before 1692 it was conveyed to Charles Pinckney.

Thomas Rose and his son received grants for lots in early Charles Towne:^²⁵¹

In 1745 ½ of lot 228, bounding west on the remainder of 228, east on Hancok (formerly John Elliott), south on Tradd Steet, north on Capt. Edward Croft (formerly Mr. Duque) was sold by Henry Bedon, gentleman, to Joseph Watson, gunner of H. M. S. Rose.^²⁵²

In 1694 town lot 228 was conveyed to Henry Samways by Thomas Rose, cordwainer (leatherworker, shoe maker) son and heir of the Thomas Rose to whom it was granted. In 1733 Henrietta Rose was identified as the sole heir-at-law of this Thomas Rose.

Thomas Rose, Accabee Plantation

The Rose family of Accabee, on the Ashley River above James Island, was associated with the Fitch family, which included Tobias Fitch who married Marianne DuGué. John Fitch and Thomas Rose were the builders of the church at St. Andrews. Ann Rose, daughter of Thomas Rose and Beuler Elliott, married James Fitch.

Thomas Rose I

The Act of November 4, 1704, provided for building, in the Low Country, six churches and their parsonages and gave the “several Supervisors for the building the several Churches, houses and other works” ample powers to impress labor and materials. Nothing, unfortunately, was said as to plans. On St. Andrew’s parish church, built under this act in 1706, appear the initials of its supervisors, J.F. and T.R. Samuel Lapham,. F.A.I.A., has observed that these are the initials of two members of the vestry, John Fitch and Thomas Rose.

Both Fitch and Rose owned books, though nothing shows if any of them dealt with building.

Elizabeth [Bennet] Rose, first known wife of Thomas Rose I, died in 1724:^²⁵⁴ “Eliz: ye. wife of Tho: Rose Burd. June ye 13. -- 1724.”

Thomas Rose remarried in 1726:^²⁵⁵ “Thomas Rose & Elesebeth Coppin mard. March ye 6. 1725/26.”

His sons were Richard (who returned to England to take up an estate from his mother’s family), Thomas, and Francis, as well as James and George who died young. Thomas Rose II had children Hepzibah and Ann and a son Richard Thomas Rose who died young. ^²⁵⁶ A Writ of Partition of 1768 specified that Thomas Rose, whose will was dated 1756, married Beuler Elliott, daughter of Thomas Elliott. They had daughters Hepzibah Rose, Ann who married James Fitch, and a son Richard Thomas Rose who died young.^²⁵⁷ This was probably a brother of Francis Rose, and son of Thomas Rose Jr. Charles Elliott was among those designated on 1 Jun 1768 to execute the desired partition. The property was a tract on the Ashley River bounded north by Prue, east by the High Road, south by Mr. Croft’s land (formerly William Pendarvis, son of James Pendarvis).

Tucker

Previously unidentified Dukes named John Duke and James Dukes had land surveyed on Lemons Creek in what is now Bamberg County in 1786 and 1796 respectively. The John Dukes land was not granted, while the James Duke land probably was granted. This Dukes property was adjacent the Tuckers, who had moved down from their property bounding Joseph Dukes on Cattle Creek in Orangeburgh Co. The Tuckers appear to have immigrated to Mississippi with the Mileys and James Dukes. John Tucker was the father-in-law of James Duke. It is from a descendant of James Dukes who went to Mississippi that we have the single yDNA match for the Orangeburg Dukes family.

We know that there were early Dukes-Tucker connections. Elizabeth Duke, possibly a daughter of Michael, married William Tucker, producing sons Joseph Dukes Tucker and William Steedly Tucker. However, evidence now suggests that the connections go back further in time, to the very early 1700’s in and around Charleston. Aside from general proximity on James Island and in Colleton County, there are specific connections to the Ash family of Toogoodoo (Joan Watkins Duke’s executor was Cato Ash of Toogoodoo) and specifically to Tobias Fitch, husband of Marianne DuGué, for whom John Tucker witnessed real estate documents.

Charleston and Bermuda

Bermuda: I, John Vobe of said place, Gent., now bound to England, have appointed Capt. Thomas Brooke and Charles Minor, Gent., both of these islands, my attorneys, to receive and take possession of all my lna,d shares of land, buildings, slaves, chattels, sums of money, rents and profits, both real and personal, belonging to me from any person in S. C. or “Elsewhere in American either by Sea or land Be ye Same of what Nature Kind Quality Quantity or Condition Soever” . . . . Signed: “in Vobe.” Wit: Wm. Semour, Will. Tucker, Senr. D: 10 Aug 1702. R: in Sec. Office in Bermuda.

Certify: came before Gov. Benja. Bennett, Esq. Col. William Tucker and Capt. William Seymour who swore they did see John Vobe sign within Letter of Attorney. Signed B. Bennett. D: 17 Oct. 1703.

Certify: came before me, said Gov., Charles Miners, Sec. of these Islands, and swore that the within Letters of Attorney and Probate of same are true copies of the originals on record in these Islands. Signed: B. Bennett. D: 20 Oct. 1703.

The earliest Tucker grant in South Carolina was in 1693 to John Tucker (Series: S213019 Volume - 0038 Page - 00189 Item - 03 Date: 1693/11/18). The Tucker land was on Wappoo Creek, James Island:

Description: GODFREY, JOHN, PLAN OF LAND IN BERKLEY COUNTY ON STONO RIVER CONTAINING 40 ACRES, SURVEYED BY JAMES MOORE. (C.442)

Names Indexed: GODFREY, JOHN/MOORE, JAMES/RIVERS, ELIZABETH/TUCKER, THOMAS/TROTTI, CASPER/GODFREY, BENJAMIN/QUARTERMAN, ELIZABETH/GODFREY/BELLINGER/

Berkeley and Colleton county

Description: TUCKER, GEORGE, ABSTRACT OF LAND GRANT FOR 150 ACRES IN COLLETON COUNTY.

In 1715 John Tucker had property in Charleston, Berkeley and Colleton counties:^²⁵⁹

I, John Tucker of Berkeley County, S. C., planter, and Ruth my wife; Whereas Hon. Lords Proprs. Of province did grant on 9 May 1694 under hands of Thomas Smith, Esq., Gov., and commissioners for granting land in Carolina did give to Jane Flower of Charles Town a lot in Charles Town known on Grand Model as No. 205 paying yearly 1p c.m. of England; Jane Flower by Deed of Sale bearing date 4 mar. 1694/5 for consideration did grant to Ralph Elms of Berkeley County, planter, part of said lot butting to N upon st. leading from Cooper to Ashley River, S on lot belonging to Andrew Percival, to W on lot belonging to William Bollough and to E on other part said lot . . . Whereas Ralph Elms taken possession of said aprt lot No. 205 did by his will bearing date 16 Feb. 1711/12 duly proved and rec. in Sec. Office gave to his dau. Ruth Elms, now wife of Said Tucker . . . I give to my dau. Ruth Elms one plantation containing 300 acres of land situate in Colleton County next plantation of Stephen Ford and to N a savannah together with a house and part town lot fronting on N Capt. Huet’s lot . . . Now know Ye I, said John Tucker and my wife Ruth, da. Of said Elms . . . . . . for consideration of £100 c.m. give me by David Bourke of Charles Town, merchant, the receipt whereof I acknowledge, do sell to said Bourke above mentioned town lot No. 205. . . . .Signed John Toker, Ruth Toker, their mark. [Tucker?]/ D: 7 Mar. 1714/15.

Received from David Bourke within sum of £100 in full for purchase of within premises. Signed: John Toker [Tucker]. Wit: Thomas Hepworth, George Ducat, Cha. Read. D: 7 Mar. 1714/15.

Personally came before me Thomas Hepworth, Esq., one of His Majesty’s Justice of Peace for Berkeley County, George Ducket and Charles Read who swore they did see John Toker [Tucker] and Ruth his wife sign within Deed of Sale to David Bourke . . . Signed: Thomas Hepworth. D: 18 Mar. 1714/15.

The George “Ducat” above could be another variant of DuGué but the Ducat name exists in itself, and no evidence of a link has been found to date. SCDAH records identify George Ducket as one of the pilots for the bar of Charles Town. (S213003, Vol. 002F, Page 00331, Item 01, Date 1745/08/23).

Through the Elmes, the Tuckers may have been related to the Hasforts of Goose Creek and Orangeburgh. Joseph Hasfort’s daughter Anna married Thomas Elmes. This Thomas Elmes was the son of Thomas Elmes and Elizabeth Cantey. This may also be a variant of Elams. A Martha Elams married William Ladson.

There is documentation of Tucker transactions involving town lot #205 and a Colleton County plantation adjacent Stephen Ford and Capt. “Huct.” __ Hepworth, George Ducat, and Chas Read were witnesses on 11 Aug 1715.^²⁶⁰

Most interesting of all is the following 1715 reference in which John “Tocker” witnessed a deed between Tobias Fitch, husband of Marianne DuGué, and Tobias’ father, Jonathan:^²⁶¹

I, Jonathan Fitch of Berkeley County, Carolina, planter, agree to and with Tobias Fitch; I, Jonathan Fitch, for £2,000 c.m. paid to me by Tobias Fitch of said county do sell to Tobias Fitch that tract or tracts of land where my father Jonathan Fitch, last lived being on N side Ashley River as shown on plats to which is annexed the Lords. Proprs. grant; Furthermore I do agree to Tobias Fitch and his heirs shall peaceably occupy and enjoy said premises without any manner of molestation by me or any of my heirs, the quit rent reserved an dpayable to Lords Proprs. . . .Signed Jonathan Fitch. Wit: John Tocker, Elias Clifford. D: 2 Aprl. 1715.

A John Tucker was listed adjacent a Thomas Farre on the Stono River (Series S111001, Vol. 0005, Page 00055, Item 02, Date 1733/05/18), but this is not a variant of Fauré. Thomas Farre was Thomas Farr or ffarr, not related to the Fauré family.

Arthur Tucker, who later moved to Cattle Creek, first appears in SCDAH records in 1746 in a document regarding sale of a cow to James Fickling (Series S213003, Vol. 002G, P. 00073, Item 02, Date 1746/11/07). Fickling lived in Colleton County. Jane Camell, related to the niece of Joan Watkins Halliburton Duke, married George Fickline in St. Phillip’s Parish on 13 May 1742. ^²⁶²

Arthur Tucker married Ann Rivers on 7 Sep 1711 (South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. 5, #3). The will of James Rivers mentions Arthur Tucker and his son, also Arthur Tucker.

The 1825 Mills Atlas of Charleston County shows the Rivers family concentrated heavily on James Island, with the Fraser and Holmes families. An index of South Carolina marriages shows Elizabeth Rivers m. Peter Hearne on 18 Dec 1781, Mrs. Hanah Rivers m. James Laurens on 30 Jan 1724, John Rivers m. Eliza Godfrey on 26 Dec 1738, and William Rivers m. Susannah Frances Maverick on 6 Nov 1740. Another index indicates that Mary Rivers married Israel Bourdeaux on 12 Dec 1743. These are all families with DuGué/Duke connections.

Arthur Tucker’s will is listed in Charleston Wills, Vol. 11 (1767-71), p. 327. A will is listed for John Tucker in Vol. 13 (1767-71), p. 892.

In 1761 Thomas and Sarah Tucker sold land to Joseph Ash of Toogoodoo, whose brother Cato Ash was named executor in the will of Joan Watkins Duke:

Description: TUCKER, SARAH, WIFE OF THOMAS TUCKER TO JOSEPH ASH, RENUNCIATION.

Another marriage index shows John H. Tucker m. Elizabeth Ann Allston on 12 Jan 1809, and Mary Elizabeth Tucker m. George H. Spierin on 28 May 1801.

Names Indexed: TUCKER, JOHN/YOUNG, WILLIAM/TUCKER, ARTHUR/TROUP, JOHN/MITCHELL, JOHN/

Tuckers on Cattles Creek

Description: TUCKER, JOHN, MEMORIAL FOR 100 ACRES ON CATTLES CREEK, BERKLY COUNTY, SUMMARIZING A CHAIN OF TITLE TO A GRANT TO WILLIAM DAVIS OF MARCH 24, 1756.

On 3 Mar 1767 John and Arthur Tucker each petitioned for 100 aces on Cattle Creek.^²⁶³

Names Indexed: TUCKER, JOHN/YOUNG, WILLIAM/TUCKER, ARTHUR/MITCHELL, JOHN/TROUP, JOHN/

Additional information on the Tucker family and their close relationship with the Dukes family at Cattle Creek, Lemons Swamp, and in Mississippi is in the Orangeburg file.

Watkins

The Watkins family had resided in the Charleston, SC, area for some time before Joan’s marriages. John Wattkins appeared in the Province of South Carolina in April 1692 on the ship Loyall Jamaica, a privateer vessel.^²⁶⁴ Security for Watkins was provided by James Moore and Capt. Edmond Bellinger. On the same ship were Thoomas Pinckney Sr., (Nathaniel Johnson Knt and ffrancis Noble Gent. Security), Robert ffenwick (Sr. Nathaniel Johnson and John Alexander security), and Daniel Hory [Aury/Horry] (Isaac Massique and Peter Girrard security).

John Watkins was a petitioner against the Proprietors in 1716/1717, along with Richard Weekly, William Burnley, Peter Bacot, and Michael Blackwell, among many others.^²⁶⁵ An Anne Watkins married Joseph Morgan in St. Phillip’s Parish, Charleston, on 15 Sep 1721.^²⁶⁶ Ellinor, daughter of William Watkins and his wife Rachel, was baptised at St. Phillip’s on 10 Mar 1742. The Christ Church Parish Register shows that Mary Watkins was born to John and Mary Watkins on the 25 Dec 1722/23 and was baptized “3. Day of 1722/3.”^²⁶⁷ John and Mary were probably also parents of Joan; her son John was not named for any known ancestor in the Duke line, and the location of the marriage, at Hobcaw Point, suggests that Mary’s family was the Christ Church Watkins family that was associated with shipping.

A search of the South Carolina Gazette yielded quite a few Watkins listing(s), among them confirmation that John Watkins was involved in shipping:^²⁶⁸ listings for an unknown Watkins, shipmaster, appeared in a customs house notice of 20 July 1734 related to the brigantine Dragon, entered out for Providence. A later notice makes it clear that this was John Watkins. John Watkins, shipmaster, was cleared to depart to Jamaica in the Dragon, a brigantine, in a customs house notice of 5 Oct 1734. He was entered in from Boston in the Lusitania, another brigantine, in a notice of 26 Feb 1737. He was entered out for Falmouth, again in the Lusitania, in a notice of 12 Mar 1737. He was cleared to depart to Falmouth in a notice of 2 April 1737. Advertisements were placed in theGazette for the settlement of the estate of John Watkins on 27 September 1742. John Watkins, attorney, apparently a son of the older John Watkins, appears in financial notices of 25 May 1748, 1 June 1748, and 8 June 1748.

Other listings associate other persons named Watkins with shipping through the port of Charleston:

George Watkins, shipmaster, was entered in from New York in the Henry , a snow, in a Gazette customs house notice of 8 Jan 1743; he was listed as cleared to depart to Cowes in the same ship in the edition of 26 Mar 1753.

Jeremiah Watkins, shipmaster, was entered in from Barbados in the Dolphin, a sloop, in a customs house notice of 23 March 1734.

Samuel Watkins, sailor, was listed as a runaway from HMS Rye, a warship, in a public notice of 27 Dec 1742 and a local new article of 3 Jan 1743.

An unidentified Watkins was identified as the commander of the HMS Lively, a warship, in a local news article of 11 April 1743.

James Watkin appears in a customs house notice of 8 Feb 1735, as shipmaster of the Hawkins, a brigantine, cleared to depart to Bristol.

Richard Watkin of Goose Creek, SC, is found in general advertisements classified as “land grants,” “artisans,” and “real estate” on 7 and 20 May 1732. Richard Watkins, stay maker of Charleston, SC, also appears in general advertisements related to strayed or stolen livestock on 11, 18, and 27 April 1748. (A stay is part of the standing rigging of a ship, a large strong rope that supports a mast, either fore or aft.^²⁶⁹) Other advertisements dated 15 Aug 1748, 27 August 1748, 13 Nov 1749, 27 Nov 1749, and 4 December 1749 relate to strayed or stolen livestock and to strayed or stolen slaves. Financial notices of 25 Nov 1751, 6 Dec 1751, and 13 Dec 1751 appear to refer to financial affairs associated with his estate. Isabella Watkins, staymaker, appeared in financial notices and general advertisements of 25 November 1751, 6 December 1751, and 13 December 1751. Richard Watkin, address unknown, appears in a general advertisement having to do with with theft of a slave, appearing in the Gazette 30 August 1748.

Charles Watkins, plantation owner of Watboe, SC, advertised strayed or stolen livestock 10 April 1742. Notices having to do with his estate appeared 1 July 1745 through 8 June 1748.

William Watkin, address unknown, a surgeon, advertised sale of two Gambian slaves on 13 May 1745. Public notices relating to the same individual were found on 26 August 1745 and 2 September 1745. William Watkins, surgeon, appears in numerous public notices and advertisements. Some listings refer to financial affairs, others advertise his services as a surgeon. These occur from 2 Mar 1734 through 11 Dec 1740. A public notice of a land grant in Queenborough Township then appeared in the Gazette on 39 August 1743. Subsequently he advertised for strayed or stolen livestock 4 July 1744 through 6 May 1745. Then, a lengthy series of 14 public notices relate to slave sales and to runaway slaves escaped from a workhouse on the Santee River, SC; these date 29 April 1745 through 11 Aug 1746. Then, 12 financial notices identify William as surgeon and “administrator” from 29 September 1746 through 8 June 1748; the notice relate to bonds and notes. An unidentified Watkins, again obviously Dr. William Watkins, is listed in 10 public notices related to slaves having run away from workhouses between 11 Nov 1745 and 20 Jan 1746. Although these references to William Watkins have no obvious association with shipping, the references to workhouses may indicate involvement in the timber business. William Watkins is listed in the St. Phillip’s Parish Register as having been buried there on 22 Sep 1747.^²⁷⁰

Another male in the Watkins family in the generation of Joan Duke is suggested by the presence of “Henry Watkins, Gent.”, in the colony,^²⁷¹ appointed as Ensign in an independent company of foot formed 25 Dec 1744, with Pascall Nelson, Esq., as captain and Hugh and Thomas Lloyd, Gent., lieutenants.

A Watkins family eventually resided in Orangeburg County. In 1818 John Watkins was a Justice of the Quorum for Orange Parish.^²⁷² In 1845 Rev. William Watkins and his wife, Elizabeth, from Two Mile, were at the organizational meeting of the first Baptist church in Orangeburg.^²⁷³ In 1849 Rev. William Watkins was permitted to change Davis Bridge and Holman’s Bridge roads at his residence.^²⁷⁴ In 1855 William Watkins was a magistrate of Orange Parish.^²⁷⁵

Wragg

Joseph Wragg was a member of His Majesty’s Council in South Carolina. The Wraggs were merchants, and Joseph Wragg dealt extensively in slaves. The Wraggs, like the Trapiers, moved from the Charleston area to Georgetown and were active merchants there. The following information was posted to the Huguenot list on Rootsweb in 1999 by Susan Wyatt:

A member of His Majesty's Council in South Carolina. (GAILLARD GENEALOGY, p.137)

Residence: "of Dockon", which was apparently located along the Edisto River in South Carolina.

Dorothy Kelly McDowell, 113 Gregg Ave., Aiken, SC 29801, GAILLARD Genealogy, Descendants of Joachim Gaillard & Esther Paparel, (The R.L. Bryan Company, Columbia, South Carolina, 1974), p. 137, 138.

Brøderbund Software, Inc., World Family Tree Vol. 3, Ed. 1, (Release date: February 9, 1996), "CD-ROM," Tree #4258, Date of Import: Jun 2, 1999.

Index compiled by M. H. Cannon, South Carolina Genealogies - Articles from The South Carolina Historical & Genealogical Magazine, a 5-Volume work, Volume 2, p.55.

A single memorial for land filed by Joseph Wragg gives an idea of his land holdings and also his neighbors at his various properties:

Description: WRAGG, JOSEPH, MEMORIAL FOR NUMEROUS TRACTS CONTAINING 7,983 ACRES IN BERKLEY AND CRAVEN COUNTIES. (12 PAGES)

Names Indexed: WRAGG, JOSEPH/LOWNDES/HUTTON, WILLIAM/KEATING, EDWARD/NORMAN, JOSEPH/MOORE, CATHARINE/WHITE, ANTHONY/WHITE, MARY/BRAND, JOHN/SCHENCKING/GRAY/MAZYCK, ISAAC/MIDDLETON, ARTHUR/JONES, JOHN/WAY, AARON JR./BAGBY, JOHN/LEWIS, ISAAC/SANDERS, ROGER/MCDANIEL/WEEKLY, WILLIAM/MONTGOMERY, GEORGE/SENSEAN, JOHN/BELL, JOHN/RICKETT, MICHAEL/HORRY, ELIAS/IZARD, RALPH/HILL, CROFT/THOMAS, JOHN/DUBOSE, JANE/WRAGG, MARY/DUBOSE, JUDITH/DUBOSE, ANNE/THOMAS, MARY/SMITH, THOMAS/COLLETON, PETER/COLLETON, THOMAS/HEPWORTH, THOMAS/FENWICK, JOHN/BEAMOUR, SARAH/FENWICK, SARAH/DYMES, THOMAS/FIELDING, FRANCIS/BUTLER, SHEM/DEANE, SAMUEL/COLLETON, JAMES/BRADSHAW, ROBERT/OULDFIELD, JOHN/NORMAN, WILLIAM/WRAGG, SAMUEL/LEWIS, GIDEON/DUBOSE, JAMES/ROTHMAHLER, JOB/ROTHMAHLER, ANN/MOORE, JOHN

Locations: COOPER RIVER/WAMBAW CREEK/CHARLESTON NECK/ASHLEY RIVER FERRY TOWN/CEDAR SWAMP/BERKELEY COUNTY/SAINT JAMES GOOSE CREEK PARISH/WANDO RIVER/CHARLESTON/DORCHESTER/ASHLEY RIVER/CRAVEN COUNTY/SANTEE RIVER

Notice expecially Aaron Way, Jr. and William Weekley, with their Orangeburgh associations, and DuGué in-laws James Dubose and Job Rothmahler.

Joseph Wragg owned land adjacent George Haig, Indian trader who was in Orangeburgh Township:

The following are abstracts of records which are in private hands. None of these are known to be recorded in extant records, with the exception of the grants and plats, and a few deeds recorded in Charleston records which are so noted. We continue to be pleasantly surprised with such finds.

(lease and release) 26 & 27 June 1740, James St. John of Charles Town, Prov. of S. C., Esqr., to George Haig of Berkley County, planter (lease s5, release £ 400)…712 acres bounding to the northward on Santee River, adj. other lands of James St. John, William York; also 520 acres adj. Wm York, Joseph Wragg… tract of 712 acres granted 14 Feb 1735; tract of 520 acres granted same day.

1 Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Page 34.

2 Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War, Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994.

3 Coldham, Peter Wilson. 1990. The Complete Book of Emigrants 1661-1699. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Page 333.

4 Brandow, James C., ed. 1982 Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original lists of persons of Quality and Others who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700: Census Returns, Parish Registers, and Militia Rolls from the Barbados Census of 1679/80. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company.

5 Roberts, Nathaniel Edward, Jr. 1984. South Carolina Land Grants to Huguenots 1674-1765. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 89: 109, 113.

6 Childs, St. Julien. Jan-Apr 1942. The Petit-Guérard Colony. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XLIII (1-2), pp. 1-17, 88-97.

7 Trapier, Paul. 1953. Notice of Ancestors and Relatives Paternal and Maternal.” Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 58: 30.

8 From the Diary of the Rev. Paul Trapier, Great Grandson of Paul Trapier the Emigrant. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 33:57.

9 Gourdin, Virginia. 1986. Madeleine Chardon, of Tours, Touraine and her Family. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina. No. 91: 84-85.

11 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1755-1768, Books QQ-H-3. Vol. III. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 67.

12 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. P.107.

14 Smith, Henry A. M. Jan 1908. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. IX (1): 12-27.

15 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: R. L. Bryan. P. 131.

16 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. P.132.

17 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Pp. 249-250.

18 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 140-141.

19 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Columbia: SCMAR. P.75.

20 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Pp. 85-86.

21 Hayes, Jim. 1978. James and Related Sea Islands. Charleston: Walker, Evanas and Coggswell. Co. Pp. 4-11.

22 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. P. 97.

23 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 88.

24 Gourdin, Virginia. 1986. “Madeleine Chardon of Tours, Touraine, and her Family,” Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 91.

25 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Columbia: SCMAR. P. 142.

26 Childs, St. Julien. Jan-Apr 1942. The Petit-Guérard Colony. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XLIII (1-2), pp. 1-17, 88-97.

27 Maxyck, Katharine B. 1936. Wills of South Carolina Huguenots. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina. No. 41. Pp. 45-48.

28 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc. Page 20.

Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 112.

29 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc Page 83.

30 Ravenel, Beatrice St. Julien. 1992. Architects of Charleston. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Pages 13-14.

31 South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. I, Summer 1973, No. 3, p.129

32 Transactions of the South Carolina Huguenot Society. 1905. No. 12:54.

33 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Columbia: SCMAR. P. 261.

34 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Columbia: SCMAR. P. 5.

35 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 75.

36 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 27.

37 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P.24, 25.

38 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 43.

39 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc Page 106.

40 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 358.

41 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 328-329.

42 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. P.

43 Colonial Dames of America, Volume II, Records and Portraits. Lineages of Hereditary Society Members, 1600s-1900s. P. 640.

44 Salley, A. S. Jr. Jul 1911. Abstracts from the Records of the Court of Ordinary of the Province of South Carolina, 17000-1712. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XII (3). Pp. 148-149.

45 Judegment Rolls. Series Number S136002. Box - 025B. Item - 0002A. Date: 1741-1742. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

46 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 140-141.

47 LDS Family History Library. Microfilms. International. Register, St. Dorothy’s Parish, Jamaica, 1.291.699.

48 LDS Family History Library. Microfilms. International. Burial Register, Kingston Parish, Jamaica 1, 291, 764.

49 Memorials. Series Number S111001. Vol. 0001. Page 00156. Item 00. Date 1732. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

50 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 185.

51 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 140-141.

52 LDS Family History Library. Microfilms. International. Register, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica 1, 291, 704.

53 LDS Family History Library. Microfilms. International. Register, St. Dorothy’s Parish, Jamaica 1, 291, 673.

54 Langley, Clara A. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press. P. 50. Also, Series S372001, Vol. 00D0, Page 00092, Item 00, Date 1721-1730, South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

55 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 140-141.

56 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 350.

57 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1755-1768. Vol. III. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 312

58 Olsberg, R. Nicholas. Oct 1973. Ship Registers in the South Carolina Archives 1734-1780. South Carolina Historical Magazine. Vol. 74(4): 189-299.

62 Lesser, Charles H. 1995. South Carolina Begins: The Records of a Proprietary Colony, 1663-1721. Columbia: South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

63 Porcher, Frederick A. 1887. Upper Beat of St. John’s Berkeley. In A Contribution to the History of the Huguenots of South Carolina. New York: The Knickerbocker Press. Page 47.

64 Salley, Alexander S., Jr., ed. 1971. Register of St. Phillips Parish, Charles Town, South Carolina 1720-1758. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press. Page 242.

65 Salley, Alexander S., Jr., ed. 1971. Register of St. Phillips Parish, Charles Towne, South Carolina 1720-1758. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Page 240.

66 A Captain Lloyd was an early Orangeburgh District settler (South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. III (2): 98) but he does not appear to be the same individual.

67 May, W. E. 1970. His Majesty’s Ships on the Carolina Station. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 71 (3): 163.

68 Charleston Will Book. Aug. 1731-July 1733. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

69 Holcomb, Brent, H. 1996. Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Journals. Vol. II. 1748-1752. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 61.

70 Smith, Henry A. M. Jan 1918. Charleston and Charleston Neck. The Original Grantees and the Settlements along the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XIX(1): 44.

71 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. VIII (1): 51.

72 There was an extensive Dudley family in Virginia, including New Kent County. (Sainsbury, W. N. Virignia in 1677-1678. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. XXIII: 148-149).

73 Salley, Alexander S., Jr., ed. 1971. Register of St. Phillip’s Parish, Charles Town, South Carolina 1720-1758. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press. Page 164.

74 Salley, Alexander S., Jr., ed. 1971. Register of St. Phillips Parish, Charles Towne, South Carolina 1720-1758. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Page 248.

75 Webber, Mabel L. 1916. Early Generations of the Seabrooke Family. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVII: 14-25.

76 Calhoun, Jane A., Martha A. Zierden, and Elizabeth A. Paysinger. 1985. The Geographic Spread of Charleston’s Mercantile Community, 1732-1767. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 86 (3): 213.

77 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. VIII (1): 51.

78 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P.24, 25.

79 Colonial Grants. Series: S213019 Volume - 0001 Page - 00159 Item - 00 Date: 1733/07/11. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

Colonial Grants. Series: S213019 Volume - 0003 Page - 00111 Item – 00 Date: 1737/07/13. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

80 Holcomb, Brent H. 1977. Probate Records of South Carolina. Vol. 1: Index to Inventories 1746-1785. Southern Historical Press. Page 65.

81 The Bond Family. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 25 (1):10.

82 Coker, P.C. 1987. Charleston’s Maritime Heritage 1670-1865. Charleston: CokerCraft Press. Page 299.

83 Clute, Robert F. 1884.The Annals and Parish Register of St. Thomas & St. Denis Parish. Charleston: St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish. Page 62.

84 Clute, Robert F. 1884.The Annals and Parish Register of St. Thomas & St. Denis Parish. Charleston: St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish. Page 99.

85 George Snow, eventually resident in Prince Frederick Parish, was Master of the brig Hawke, also out of Charleston (South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. VIII:42-43).

86 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 73: 311.

87 Clute, Robert F. 1974. The Annals and Registers of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, South Carolina, 1680-1884. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 30.

88 Clute, Robert F. 1974. The Annals and Registers of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, South Carolina, 1680-1884. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 41/

89 Clute, Robert F. 1974. The Annals and Registers of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, South Carolina, 1680-1884. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 30.

90 Charleston District Court of Common Pleas Judgement Rolls 1791-1839. Vol. 1822: 109A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

91 South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research. Spring 1977. Vol. V(2): 92.

92 South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research. Spring 1981. Vol. IX(2):72.

93 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc Pages 106-107.

94 William Johnston (1776-1840) Papers. Manuscript Division. The South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, S.C.

95 Langley, Clara A. 1984. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. II: 1740-1755, Books V - P-P. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 20.

96 Auditor General’s Accounts 1778-80. Page 28. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

97 Pinckney, Elise, ed. 1973. Register of St. Phillip’s Church 1810 through 1822. Charleston: The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in South Carolina Page 14.

98 Clark, Martie June. 1986. Colonial Soldiers of the South 1732-1774. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.

99 Warren, Mary Bondurant, 1988. South Carolina Newspapers: the South Carolina Gazette 1760. Danielsville GA: Heritage Papers. Page 83.

100 Moore, Caroline T. 1969. Abstracts of the Wills of the State of South Carolina 1760-1784, Vol. III. Pages 80-81.

101 Clute, Robert F. 1974. The Annals and Registers of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish, South Carolina, 1680-1884. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 27.

102 Joseph Warnock married Ann Metheringham in Christ Church Parish in 1772. (Webber, Mabel L. 1920. The Register of Christ Church Parish. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXI(2): 53.

103 Holcomb, Brent H. 1977. Probate Records of South Carolina, Volume I: Index to Inventories 1746-1785. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 67.

104 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. 1905. John Alston. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. VI(2): 116.

105 1910. Records Kept by Col. Issaac Hayne. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XI(3): 154.

106 Register, Jennie Heyward. 1923. Mariage and Death Notices from the City Gazette. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXIV (2):78.

107 Henry Bochet was a publican in the Parish of St. James Santee in 1758. Webber, Mabel L. Parish Register of St. James’ Santee 1758-1788. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVII(1): 34.

108 Webber, Mabel L., ed. Parish Register of St. James’, Santee 1758-1788. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. XVI:165.

109 Webber, Mabel L. 1925. Abstracts from an Old Account Book of Georgetown District. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXVI (3): 152.

110 Old Dobbs County NC Grantee Index, Book 3, Aprl 1754-1755/ Page 15.

111 Warren, Mary B., ed. 1977. South Carolina Jury Lists, 1718-1783. Danielsville GA: Heritage Papers.

112 Volume PP, Miscellaneous Records, p. 464. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

113 1916. The Register Book for the Parish Prince Frederick Winyaw. Baltimore: The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Page 221.

114 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. 74 (4): 199.

115 Webber, Mabel L. 1919. Register of Christ Church Parish. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XX: 70.

116 Webber, Mabel L. 1919. Register of Christ Church Parish. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XX: 68.

117 ESCN Database Search Report. 27 May 1997. South Carolina Gazette. Requested by Lynn S. Teague.

118 Salley, A. S., Jr. 1907. Journal of the Grand Council of South Carolina April 11 1692-September 26, 1692. Columbia: The Historical Commission of South Carolina. Page 61.

119 Wright, David McCord. 1961. Petitioners to the Crown Against the Proprietors. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. LXII (2): 89, 95.

120 Colonial Grants. Series: L10005 Reel - 0001 Plat - 00505 ignore - 00 Date: 1705/04/0. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

Colonial Grants. Series: S111001 Volume - 0003 Page - 00503 Item - 03 Date: 1733/05/08. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

121 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. Register of St. Phillips Parish 1720-1758. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

122 Register of Christ Church Parish. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVIII (2): 73

123 Warren, Mary B. ed. 1977. South Carolina Jury Lists, 1718-1783. Danielsville GA: Heritage Papers.

124 Joseph Tobias advertised as a merchant in Charleston between 1744 and 1749. (Calhoun, Jane A., Martha A. Zierden, and Elizabeth A. Paysinger. 1985. The Geographic Spread of Charleston’s Mercantile Community, 1732-1767. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 86 (3): 182-220.)

125 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 33A, Item 0104A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

126 Samuel Varnor was a resident of Christ Church Parish, with his wife Susannah and children. (Webber, Mabel L. 1920. The Register of Christ Church Parish. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXI (2): 54, 57, 58.

127 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 34B, Item 0053A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

128 Webber, Mabel L. 1919. The Register of Christ Church Parish. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XX (1): 69.

129 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 37A, Item 0070A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

130 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 41B, Item 0019A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

131 Judgment Rolls, 0151 02 025A 0036A 00. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

132 Warren, Mary B., ed. 1977. South Carolina Jury Lists 1718-1783. Danielsville GA: Heritage Papers. Page 50.

133 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 52A, Item 53A. South Carolian Department of History and Archives.

134 Charleston County Wills, Vol. 14 (1771-74), page 139.

135 Holcomb, Brent H. 1978. Probate Records of South Carolina. Vol. 2. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 16.

136 Charleston Inventories. Vol. &, pages 19-20. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

137 Vol. 12, Item 6138, McCrady Plats. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

138 Judgment Rolls. Vol. 52A, Item 53A. South Carolian Department of History and Archives.

139 Olsberg, Nicholas R. 1973. Ship Registers in the South Carolina Archives. South Carolina Historical Magazine. Vol. 74(4):237.

140 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. VIII:81.

141 LDS Military Pensions, Various Counties - S. Carolina 1750-1900: 0855233, frame 0559.

142 Moss, Bobby Gilmer. 1983. Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. Page 272.

143 State Plats. Series: S213190. Vol. 0013. Pge 00278. Item 00. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

144 State Plats. Series: S213190. Vol. 0016. Page 00287. Item 00. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

145 Mazyck, Katharine B. 1932. Wills of South Carolina Huguenots. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina. No. 37. Pp. 63-71.

146 Colonial Memorials. Series Number S111001. Vol. 0014. Page 00037. Item 02. Date: 1761/05/04. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

147 Holcomb, Brent H. 1979. Marriage and Death Notices from The (Charleston) Times, 1800-1821. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Page 303.

148 The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXV (2): 95.

149 McMurtrie, Douglas C. 1943. Some Nineteenth Century South Carolina Imprints 1801-1820. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XLIV (2): 87.

150 The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 78: 169.

151 Bills of Sale: Secretary of State, Recorded Instruments, Miscellaneous Records, Main Series, Bills of Sale, Volumes 1773-1840. Vol. 40: 144. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

152 Charleston District Court of Common Pleas Summary Process Rolls 1791-1823. Vol. 1820: 118A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

153 Charleston District Court of Common Pleas Summary Process Rolls 1791-1823. Vol. 1822: 81A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

154 Charleston District Court of Common Pleas Judgement Rolls 1791-1839. Vol. 1822: 109A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

155 Charleston District Court of Common Pleas Summary Process Rolls 1791-1823. Vol. 1823: 70A. South Carolina Department of History and Archives.

156 There were connections between the Duke and Simms families in Berkeley County, possibly forming the basis for William Gilmore Simms’ comment.

157 O'Brien, Michael. 1986. Intellectual Life in Antebellum Charleston: Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

158 William Christopher Dukes (b. 1794) Collection, Catalog Number 4138, Manuscripts Division. The South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Vol. 4.

159 Series Number S165015. Year 1838. Item 00143. Date 1838/11/28. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.s

160 State Plats. Series No. S213190. Vol. 0039. Page 00232. Date 1821/02/05. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

161 State Plats. Series No. S213190. Vol. 0039. Page 00211. Item 01. Date 1820/06/06. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

162 Holcomb, Brent H. 2002. Charleston County S C Journal of the Ordinary. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 178.

163 Plats. Series No. L10005. Reel 0008. Plat 04181. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

164 Plats. Series No. L10011. Reel 00011. Plat 01630. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

165 Roberts, Nathaniel Edward, Jr. 1984. South Carolina Land Grants to Huguenots 1674-1765. Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 89: 109, 113.

166 Colonial Plats. Vol. 5, p. 27, item. 1. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

Colonial Grants. Vol. 4, page 367. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

168 Book H-3, p. 48. Charleston Deeds. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

169 Book W-4, pp. 313-315. Charleston Deeds. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

170 Broughtons occur elsewhere in the Duke family circle. Penelope Duke, wife of William Roddie Duke, was a daughter of Shadrack Broughton and his wife Mary Smith Broughton, according to Brandenberger (Brandenberger, Evelyn Duke. 1979. The Duke Family. Houston: Evelyn Duke Brandenberger. Page 270). William Roddie Duke was born in Spartanburg, SC, on 21 April 1823, and died in Alabama on 1 June 1877. Brandenberger associates him with the family of Major Duke of Union County.

171 Col. William Thomson held many public offices in Amelia Township, and lived at Belleville Plantation.

172 Colonial Plats. Vol. 6, page 258, item 3. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

173 Memorials. Vol. 14, page 90 item 4. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

174 Holcomb, Brent H. Probate Records of South Carolina, Vol. 3: Journal of the Court of Ordinary 1764-1771. Page 116.

175 There was a Duke-Farrar family connection in Barbados (see Barbados discussion).

176 Clute Robert F. 1884. The Annals and Parish Register of St. Thomas and St. Denis Parish. in South Carolina, from 1680 to 1884. Charleston: Parish of St. Thomas and St. Denis. Page 60.

177 Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Pages 219, 257, and 265.

178 Robert Johnson Will. South Carolina Gleanings in England. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. V: 105-107.

179 Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Pages 25-27.

180 Langley, Clara A. 1984. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. II: 1740-1755, Books V - P-P. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 273.

181 Olsberg, R. Nicholas, compiler. 1973. Ship’s Registers in the South Carolina Archives, 1734-1780. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 74 (4): 213.

182 Holcomb, Brent H. 1990. Marriage and Death Notices from the Charleston Observer 1827-1845. Bowie MD: Heritage Books Inc. Page 121.

183 Holcomb, Brent H. 1980. South Carolina Marriages 1688-1799. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 147.

184 National Society of Colonial Dames of America. 1916. The Register Book for the Parish of Prince Frederick Winyaw. Baltimore: National Society of Colonial Dames of America. Page 51.

185 Gregg, Right Rev. Alexander. 1925. History of the Old Cheraws. Columbia: The State Company.

186 Rogers, George C., Jr., David R. Chesnutt, Editors, and Peggy J. Clark, Editorial Assistant. The Papers of Henry Laurens. Volume Five: Sept. 1, 1765-July 31, 1768. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

187 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 8.

188 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. St. Phillips Parish Register, 1754-1810.

189 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. Register of St. Phillips Parish 1720-1758.

190 Holcomb, Brent H. 1979. Probate Records of South Carolina. Vol. 3: Journal of the Court of Ordinary 1764-1771. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 56.

191 Lucas, Silas Emmett. 1977. An Index to Deeds of the Province and State of South Carolina 1719-1785 and Charleston District 1785-1800. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 49.

192 Freeman Snellgrove’s Orangeburgh District land grant was listed 5 Oct 1738 in the South Carolina Gazette.

193 Giessendanner Records. In Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Page 100.

194 Giessendanner Records. In Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Page 112.

195 Giessendanner Records. In Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Page 131.

196 Giessendanner Records. In Salley, A.S., Jr. 1898. The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, from Its First Settlement to the Close of the Revolutionary War. Orangeburg, S.C.; reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1994. Page 147.

197 Salley, Alexander S., Jr., ed. 1971. Register of St. Phillips Parish, Charles Towne, South Carolina 1720-1758. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Page 248.

198 Childs, St. Julien. Jan-Apr 1942. The Petit-Guérard Colony. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XLIII (1-2).

199 Childs, St. Julien. Jan-Apr 1942. The Petit-Guérard Colony. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XLIII (1-2).

200 Cross, Russell J. 1985. Historic Ramblin’s Through Berkeley. Columbia: R. L. Bryan Co. P. 111.

201 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Pp. 261-262.

203 Moore, Caroline T. and Agatha A. Simmons. Comp. and ed. 1960. Abstracts of the Wills of South Carolina 1670-1740. Vol. I. Columbia: R. L. Bryan Company.

204 Moore, Caroline T. and Agatha Aimar Simmons, comp. and ed. 1960. Abstracts of the Wills of the State of South Carolina 1670-1740 Volume 1. Columbia: R. L. Bryan. Pp. 103-104.

205 Gourdin, Virginia. 1986. “Madeleine Chardon of Tours, Touraine, and her Family,” Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 91, pp. 87, 100n.

206 Moore, Caroline T. and Agatha Aimar Simmons, comp. and ed. Abstracts of the Wills of the State of South Carolina 1670-1740 Volume 1. Columbia: R. L. Bryan. P. 31.

207 Council Journal., Session of 4 May 1757. Vol. 26:80-88. South Carolina Department of Archives and History.

208 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc. Page 20.

209 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc Page 32.

210 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 112.

211 Hicks, Theresa M., ed. 1998. South Carolina Indians Indian Traders and Other Ethnic Connections Beginning in 1670. Spartanburg: Peppercorn Publications, Inc Page 83.

212 Ravenel, Beatrice St. Julien. 1992. Architects of Charleston. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Pages 13-14.

213 South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. I, Summer 1973, No. 3, p.129

214 Waring, Joseph Ioor. 1923. Waring Family. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXIV (2): 81-100.

215 ESCN Database Search Report. Surname Goodman. 28 Apr 1997. South Carolina Gazette.

216 Calhoun, Jane A., Martha A. Zierden, and Elizabeth A. Paysinger. 1985. The Geographic Spread of Charleston’s Mercantile Community, 1732-1767. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 86 (3): 182-220.

217 Woodfin, Maude H. ed. 1942. Another Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1739-1741. Richmond: The Dietz Press. Pages 52-53.

218 Waters, Margaret G. 2002. A Preliminary Study of the Colonial Landowners of Orangeburgh Township, SC 1733-1749. Savannah: Waters. Page 12.

219 Hayes, Jim. 1978. James and Related Sea Islands. Charleston: Walker, Evans and Cogswell Co. P. 5.

220 Holcomb, Brent H. 1980. South Carolina Marriages 1688-1799. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. Page 147.

221 Calhoun, Jane A., Martha A. Zierden, and Elizabeth A. Paysinger. 1985. The Geographic Spread of Charleston’s Mercantile Community, 1732-1767. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 86 (3): 182-220.

222 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 124.

223 Holcomb, Brent, H. 1996. Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Journals. Vol. I. 1734/35-1748. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 7.

224 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. I. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P.358.

225 Holcomb, Brent, H. 1996. Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Journals. Vol. II. 1748-1752. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 61.

226 Olsberg, Nicholas R. 1973. Ship Registers in the South Carolina Archives. South Carolina Historical Magazine. Vol. 74(4): 225.

227 Olsberg, R. Nicholas, compiler. 1973. Ship’s Registers in the South Carolina Archives, 1734-1780. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 74 (4): 240.

228 Olsberg, R. Nicholas, compiler. 1973. Ship’s Registers in the South Carolina Archives, 1734-1780. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 74 (4): 253.

229 Salley, A.S.Jr. Jan 1909. Abstracts from Records the Court of Ordinary. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. X (1): 88.

230 Gourdin, Virginia. 1986. “Madeleine Chardon of Tours, Touraine, and her Family,” Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 91.

231 Moore, Caroline T., compiler and editor. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692- 1721. Columbia: SCMAR. P. 142.

232 Gourdin, Virginia. 1986. “Madeleine Chardon of Tours, Touraine, and her Family,” Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina, No. 91.

233 Hayes, Jim. 1978. James and Related Sea Islands. Charleston: Walker, Evans and Cogswell Co. Pp. 4 -5.

234 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XIV (1): 22

235 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXI (3): 156

236 Langley, Clara A. 1984. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. IV: 1767-1773, Books I-3 - E-4. Easely: Southern History Press. Page 236

237 Langley, Clara A. 1984. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1719-1772. Vol. II: 1740-1755, Books V - P-P. Easley: Southern Historical Press. Page 20.

238 Webber, Mabel L. 1913. Register of St. Andrew’s Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. 1719-1774. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XIV(1): 33.

239 Webber, Mabel L. 1913. Register of St. Andrew’s Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. 1719-1774. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XIV(2): 2.

240 Weir, Robert M. Muster Rolls of the South Carolina Granville and Colleton County Regiments of Militia, 1756. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 70 (4): 236

241 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. VII (2): 105.),

242 Webber, Mabel L. 1917 The Register of Christ Church Parish. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVIII (2): 124.

243 Anon. 1921. The Excommunication of Joseph Ash. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXII (2): 53.

244 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 296.

245 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 78.

246 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 82.

247 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 8.

248 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 295.

249 Giessendanner, Hans Ulrich and John. Book of Record. Orangeburgh, SC. http://www.xs4all.nl/~sail/orange/a-index.html

250 Warrren, Mary Bondurant. 1977. South Carolina Jury Lists, 1718 through 1783. Danielsville, GA: Heritage Papers. P. 47.

251 Smith, Henry A. M. Jan 1908. Charleston -- The Original Plan and the Earliest Settlers. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. IX (1): 12-27.

252 Langley, Clara A. 1983. South Carolina Deed Abstracts 1740-1755, Books V-PP. Vol. II. Easley: Southern Historical Press, Inc. P. 105.

253 Ravenel, Beatrice St. Julien. 1992. Architects of Charleston. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Pages 13-14.

254 Webber, Mabel L. Oct 1911. Register of St. Andrews Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina: 1719-1774. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XII (4): 188.

255 Webber, Mabel L. Jan 1912. Register of St. Andrews Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina: 1719-1774. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XIII (1):24.

256 Smith, Henry A. M. Jan 1915. Old Charles Town and its Vicinity, Accabee and Wappoo whre Indigo was First Cultivated, with some Adjoining Places in Old St. Andrews Parish. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVI(1): 1-15.

257 Colonial Writs of Partition. South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. I, Summer 1973, no. 3, p. 128.

258 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 242.

259 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 300.

260 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 303-304.

261 Moore, Caroline T. 1978. Records of the Secretary of the Province of South Carolina 1692-1721. Columbia: SCMAR. Page 328-329.

262 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. Register of St. Phillips Parish 1720-1758.

263 Holcomb, Brent H. 1999. Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Council Journals: Vol. VI: 1766-1770. Columbia: SCMAR. P. 67.

264 Salley, A. S., Jr. 1907. Journal of the Grand Council of South Carolina April 11 1692-September 26, 1692. Columbia: The Historical Commission of South Carolina. Page 61.

265 Wright, David McCord. 1961. Petitioners to the Crown Against the Proprietors. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. LXII (2): 89, 95.

266 Salley, Alexander S., Jr. Register of St. Phillips Parish 1720-1758. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

267 Register of Christ Church Parish. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XVIII (2): 73

268 ESCN Database Search Report. 27 May 1997. South Carolina Gazette. Requested by Lynn S. Teague.

269 King, Dean. 1995. A Sea of Words. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

270 Smith, D. E. Huger and A. S. Salley, Jr. 1971. Register of St. Phillip’s Parish, Charles Towne or Charleson, South Carolina. 1754-1810. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press. Page 206.

271 Williams, W. R. 1932. British-American Officers, 1720-1763. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. XXXIII (4): 290-291.

272 Culler, Daniel Marchant. Ed. by Justine Bond Culler, Mason Culler Wolfe, Justine Smith Hundley Culler. 1995. Orangeburgh District 1768-1868: History and Records. Spartanburg: The Reprint Company, Publishers. Page 608.

273 Culler, Daniel Marchant. Ed. by Justine Bond Culler, Mason Culler Wolfe, Justine Smith Hundley Culler. 1995. Orangeburgh District 1768-1868: History and Records. Spartanburg: The Reprint Company, Publishers. Page 216.

274 Culler, Daniel Marchant. Ed. by Justine Bond Culler, Mason Culler Wolfe, Justine Smith Hundley Culler. 1995. Orangeburgh District 1768-1868: History and Records. Spartanburg: The Reprint Company, Publishers. Page 471.

275 Culler, Daniel Marchant. Ed. by Justine Bond Culler, Mason Culler Wolfe, Justine Smith Hundley Culler. 1995. Orangeburgh District 1768-1868: History and Records. Spartanburg: The Reprint Company, Publishers. Page 623.