Who wrote the Works?

[Continued]
    his brings us to a number of acrostic signatures in the works of Mr. Shakespeare. Remember that the cipher system, after the example given in the Sonnets, now follows the fourth letter (+4) forward:
Ciphertext alphabet: S T V Y A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R 
 Plaintext alphabet: a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p q r s t v y
    Often the text includes curious language--hints to the existence of a cipher. Here is a specimen in which the capital letters are employed, from "Measure for Measure" (i, 3, 40)
    The ciphertext letters are underlined, as are "hints" and complete plaintext strings.

    I have on Angelo impos'd the office,
    W ho may in th'ambush of my name, strike home,
    And yet, my nature never in the fight
    To do in slander: And to behold his sway

    A signature is hidden "in th'ambush of my name." Reading all capitals downward, the ciphertext is:

I A W A T A

    Ciphertext reversed is:

A T A W A I   

    Plaintext (+4) is:

E B E C E N

    "Caps" is a word long used by printers as an abbreviation for upper case type. This word, or "cap," is used six times in thirty lines in "The Taming of the Shrew" (iv, 3, 68).

       Fel. Heere is the cap your Worship did bespeake.
       Pet. Why this was moulded on a porrenger,
    A veluet dish: Fie, fie, 'tis lewd and filthy,
    Why 'tis a cockle or a walnut-shell,
    A Knacke, a toy, a tricke, a babies cap.
    Away with it, come let me have a bigger.

    Then follow these five lines:

Kate. Ile haue no bigger, this doth fit the time,
And Gentlewomen weare such caps as these.
Pet. When you are gentle, you shall haue one too,
And not till then.
Hor. That will not be in hast.

    Let us examine these "caps," the initial capitalized letters of each line:

    Ciphertext is:

I A W A T   

    Ciphertext reversed is:

T A W A I   

    Plaintext is:

B E C E N


    Published in 1640 by John Benson was a book of "POEMS: WRITTEN BY WIL. SHAKESPEARE. Gent." Many of them were included, but in a different order, together with other poems. Most of the latter are rejected by the scholars as unjustly imputed. Several verses memorialize the Bard, as witness the following:

On the death of William Shakespeare, who
died in Aprill
, Anno Dom. 1616.

    REnowned Spenser lie a thought more nigh
    To learned Chauser, and rare Beaumount lie
    A little neerer Spenser to make roome,
    For Shakespeare in your three-fold, foure-fold Tombe;
    To lodge all foure in one bed make a shift,
    Vntill Dommes-day, for hardly shall a fift
    Betwixt this day and that by Fate be slaine,
    For whom your Curtaines may be drawne againe.
    If your precedencie in death doth barre,
    A fourth place in your sacred Sepulchre
    Vnder this sacred Marble of thy owne,
    Sleepe rare Tragedian Shakespeare, sleepe alone;
    Thy unmolested peace in an unshar'd Cave,
    Possesse as Lord, not Tennant of thy Grave.
    That unto us, and others it may be,
    Honour hereafter to be laid by thee.

             W. B.

    "For whom your Curtaines may be drawne againe." Consider the initial capitalized letters of the five lines following that one:

    Ciphertext is:

I A V S T   

    Ciphertext reversed:

T S V A I   

    Plaintext is:

B A C E N

    Or, we may choose all of the capitals in the four lines following "Curtaines," and just preceding Shakespeare:

    Ciphertext is:

I A S V M S T   

    Ciphertext reversed:

T S M V S A I   

    Plaintext (+4) is:

B A Q C A E N


    The following is a comparison of two very similar versions of a Shakespeare sonnet. The lines printed in Roman type are from verse II of The Passionate Pilgrime, (1599) while the lines shown in italics are from Sonnet 144 of the 1609 Quarto:

1. TWo Loues I haue, of Comfort, and Despaire,
TWo Loues I haue of comfort and dispaire,
2. That like two Spirits, do suggest me still:
Which like two spirits do sugiest me still,
3. My better Angell is a Man (right faire)
The better angell is a man right faire:
4. My worser spirite a Woman (colour'd ill.)
The worser spirit a woman collour'd il.
5. To winne me soone to hell, my Female euill
To win me soone to hell my femall euill,
6. Tempteth my better Angell from my side,
Tempteth my better angel from my sight,
7. And would corrupt my Saint to be a Diuell,
And would corrupt my saint to be a diuel:
8. Wooing his purity with her faire pride.
Wooing his purity with her fowle pride,
9. And whether that my Angell be turnde feend,
And whether that my angel be turn'd finde,
10. Suspect I may (yet not directly tell:
Suspect I may, yet not directly tell,
11. For being both to me: both, to each friend,
But being both from me both to each friend,
12. I ghesse one Angell in anothers hell:
I gesse one angel in an others hel,
13. The truth I shall not know, but liue in doubt,
Yet this shal I nere know but liue in doubt,
14. Till my bad Angell fire my good one out.
Till my bad angel fire my good one out.

    In this later version there are minor changes in spelling, punctuation and one change in sense (faire in line 8 becomes fowle in the later version). The major change is in capitalization. Let us string all the capitals together and examine them:

    Ciphertext of the 1599 verse:

T V L I C D T S M A M M V T F T A A S D V A A S I F I A T I T A

    Plaintext, +4 is:

B C P N G H B A Q E Q Q C B K B E E A H C E E A N K N E B N B E   

    Perhaps the earlier version of Bacon's plaintext name seemed too long; therefore, in editing the 1609 version, the author reduced fifteen of the capitals to lower case with this effect:

    Ciphertext of the 1609 verse:

V I V T T T T A V A S I B I Y T   

    Plaintext, +4 is:

B C N C B B B B E C E A N F N D B
Thou art a Moniment, without a tombe,
And art alive still, while thy Booke doth live,

    So goes one of the lines of Ben Jonson's "To the memory. . ." tribute to the author of the plays collected in the 1623 Folio. He hints at another author's name, who was still living, but veils the allusion with the last phrase. However at that time Shakespeare had a splendid monument and tomb which had been erected at great cost in the chancel of Holy Trinity Church, Stratford. Toward the end of these praises Ben Jonson writes, "Sweet Swan of Avon!" Some literary critics are still unaware that English swans are mute. Still, they point with delight at this phrase to entangle the Avon man with the author of the plays.
    Here is the caption of the poem and the first two lines:

To the memory of my beloued,
The AVTHOR
Mr. William Shakespeare:
And
what he hath left vs.

       TO draw no enuy (Shakespeare) on thy name,
       Am I thus ample to thy Booke, and Fame:

    The true AVTHOR's name was well known to Ben Jonson, and it is concealed in the initial capital letters of each word, reading from the beginning:

    Ciphertext is:

T T A M W S A T S A I   

    Plaintext is:

B B E Q C A E B A E N   

    Alternate letters are:

B E C E A N


    Here is another acrostic from "The two Gentlemen of Verona," (iv, 1, 50):

    But to the purpose: for we cite our faults,
    That they may hold excus'd our lawlesse liues;
    And partly seeing you are beautifide
    With goodly shape; and by your owne report,
    A Linguist, and a man of such perfection,
    As we doe in our quality much want.
       2. Out. Indeede because you are a banish'd man,

    The capitalized first letters of each line produce the ciphertext:

B T A W A A I   

    Plaintext is:

F B E C E E N

    Ciphertext of the last line is:

I N D E E D E B E C A V S E Y O V A R E A B A N 
I S H D M A N   

    Plaintext, +4 is:

N R H I I H I F I G E C A I D S C E Y I E F E R 
N A M H Q E R   

    Bacon's fascination with acrostics led him to rewrite his own previously published works. He hints at ciphers with suggestive words, in "The Life of Henry the Fift" (ii, 2, 53), and, compared to the 1600 Quarto, these lines were painstakingly rearranged when edited for the 1623 Folio. In the earlier Quarto he had written:

    If litle faults proceeding on distemper should not bee winked at,
    How should we stretch our eye, when capitall crimes,
    Chewed, swallowed and digested, appeare before vs:
    Well yet enlarge the man, tho Cambridge and the rest
    In their deare loues. . .

    Now we may glimpse the cryptogapher at work, as he redrafts this excerpt, so as to encipher the intial capital letters of each line for the 1623 Folio:

    If little faults proceeding on distemper,
    Shall not be wink'd at, how shall we stretch our eye
    When capitall crimes, chew'd, swallow'd, and digested,
    Appeare before vs? Wee'l yet inlarge that man,
    Though Cambridge, Scroope, and Gray, in their deere care

    Ciphertext is:

I S V A T   

    Ciphertext reversed is:

T A V S I   

    Plaintext is:

B E C A N

    The sense of these lines was scarcely modified, and the remainder of this speech of King Henry V was not altered.
    In the edited version the clues have been preserved for the benefit of the most intractable academicians. The lower case letters in the original version have been "inlarged." By the use of "capitalls" the writer has directed our attention to these newly minted upper case letters. For what reason were these transformations made, unless to encipher the author's name?
    A cardinal measure of cipher authenticity --intention -- has been demonstrated. The author has left behind an unmistakable "smoking pistol."


    On at least two other occasions Bacon amended the ciphertext of an early quarto edition so as to include his name in the Folio plaintext. In the 1604 edition of "Hamlet," Hamlet is warned of the Ghost by Horatio: "It beckins you to go away with it / As if it some impartment did desire / To you alone." Hamlet replies, "It waves me forth..." Then Bacon writes:

    That bettles ore his base into the sea,
    And there assume some other horrable forme
    Which might depriue your soueraigntie of reason,
    And draw you into madnes, thinke of it,
    The very place puts toyes of desperation
    Without more motiue, into euery braine
    That lookes so many fadoms to the sea
    And heares it rore beneath.
       Ham. It waues me still,
    Goe on, Ile followe thee.

    In the 1623 Folio version of the plays (i, 4, 55) the author strikes out four lines of splendid metaphor in order to accomplish his purpose:

    That beetles o're his base into the Sea
    And there assumes some other horrible forme,
    Which might depriue your Soueraignty of Reason,
    And draw you into madnesse thinke on it?
       Ham. It wafts me still: goe on, Ile follow thee.

    The initial capitalized letters of each line now disclose the author's name:

    Ciphertext is:

T A V A I   

    Plaintext is:

B E C E N


    Again, the 1604 quarto version of the same play contains these words:

    Obserue my Vncle, if his occulted guilt
    Doe not it selfe vnkennill in one speech,
    It is a damned ghost that we have seene,
    And my imaginations are as foule
    As Vulcans stithy: giue him heedfull note,
    For I mine eyes will riuet to his face,
    And after we will both our iudgements ioyne
    In [To] censure of his seeming.

    In the 1623 play (iii, 2, 87) Bacon altered a few minor spellings, but he most unnecessarily changed In in the last line to To.

    Now the ciphertext (reversed) is:

T A F A A I   

    Plaintext is:

B E K E E N


    And again: in the 1594 Quarto of Titus Andronicus are these lines:

       Chiron. Thou hast vndone our mother
       Aron. Villaine I haue done thy mother.
       Deme. And therein helish dog thou hast vndone her,
    Woe to her chaunce, and damde her loathed choice,
    Accurst the offspring of so foule a fiend.
       Chi. It shal not liue.

    However, in the 1623 Folio (iv, 2, 75) the second line is dropped, so as to invoke the author's name:

       Chi. Thou hast vndone our mother.
       Deme. And therein hellish dog, thou hast vndone,
    Woe to her chance, and damn'd her loathed choyce,
    Accur'st the off-spring of so foule a fiend.
       Chi. It shall not liue.

    Now the ciphertext of the initial capital letters is:

T A V A I   

    Plaintext is:

B E C E N


    Here is a passage from "The Tragedie of Julius Caesar" (i, 2, 198):

       Cas. Would he were fatter; But I feare him not:
    Yet if my name were lyable to feare,
    I do not know the man I should auoyd
    So soone as that spare Cassius. He reades much,
    He is a great Obseruer, and he lookes
    Quite through the Deeds of men. He loues no Playes,
    As thou dost Antony : he heares no Musicke;
    Seldome he smiles, and smiles in such a sort
    As if he mock'd himselfe, and scorn'd his spirit

    Now, having described a character to mistrust, these lines continue. Witness the initial letters:

    That could be mou'd to smile at any thing.
    Such men as he, be neuer at hearts-ease,
    Whiles they behold a greater then themselves,
    And therefore are they very dangerous.
    I rather tell thee what is to be fear'd,
    Then what I feare: for alwayes I am Caesar.

    Ciphertext of these five initial capitals:

T S V A I   

    Plaintext, +4, is:

B A C E N

    But we are not finished with this illustration. We shall repeat the last two lines of the above:

    I rather tell thee what is to be fear'd,
    Then what I feare: for alwayes I am Caesar.

    Ciphertext is:

I R A T H E R T E L L T H E E V H A T I S T O
B E F E A R D T H E N V H A T I F E A R E F O 
R A L V A Y E S I A M C A E S A R

    Plaintext, +4 is:

N Y E B M I Y B I P P B M I I C M E B N A B S 
F I K I E Y H B M I R C M E B N K I E Y I K S 
Y E P C E D I A N E Q G E I A E Y

    Plaintext, skip even letters:

N E M Y I P M I M B A S I I Y B I C E N I 
Y K Y P E I N Q E A Y

    Plaintext, skip odd letters:

Y B I B P B I C E N B F K E H M R M B K E 
I S E C D A E G I E   

    Here the author has inserted his name, first within the initial capital letters of each line, and then twice within the last two lines as alternate even and odd letters with identical spelling. And notice the reference to Caesar, as in "Caesar cipher."


    Shakespeare often included a clue to assist in the unveiling of his 21 letter cipher alphabet, or perhaps to confirm it. Consider a letter Malvolio is reading, from "Twelfth Night" (II, 2, 86):

       Mal. By my life this is my Ladies hand: these bee her
    very C 's, her U 's, and her T 's, and thus makes shee her
    great P 's. It is in contempt of question her hand.
       An. Her C 's, her U 's, and her T 's: why that?
       Mal. To the vnknowne belou'd, this, and my good Wishes:
    [Then, four lines afterward:]
       Mal. Ioue knowes I love, but who, Lips do not mooue, no
    man must know
. No man must know. What followes?
    The numbers alter'd: No man must know. . .[original italics]

    Why did Malvoli choose these four letters, C, U, T, P, to remark upon? What's all this about the vnknowne belou'd and No man must know? What number has been altered?
    Why, the number of letters in the 21 letter cipher alphabet, of course. "T" follows four letters after "P", but "C" does not trail four letters after "U" in the Elizabethan 24 letter alphabet (in which "I" is equivalent to "J" and "U" is equivalent to "V"). Not unless "W X Z" are omitted. The abbreviated series, vital to Bacon's Caesar cipher, is:

    "V Y A B C"--not "V W X Y Z A B C."

    The odds against all of the letters in the 24 letter Elizabethan alphabet appearing in any particular order are 24 x 23 x 22 x 21, or 255,024 to one. Then, to choose these four successive letters from the alphabet of 24, we must multiply by 24/4, or 6, again. The result is 1,530,144 to one.
    To make it more enlightening, Bacon has, in this way, shown the vnknowne belou'd this complete uninterrupted alphabetical succession: "P Q R S T V Y A B C." And, of course, "P" = "T" and "V" = "C" in Bacon's cipher process.


    The verse following is from The Rape of Lvcrece, lines 890-896:

    Thy secret pleasure turnes to open shame,
    Thy priuate feasting to a publicke fast,
    Thy smoothing titles to a ragged name,
    Thy sugred tongue to bitter wormwood tast,
    Thy violent vanities can neuer last.
    How comes it then, vile opportunity
    Being so bad, such numbers seeke for thee?

The ciphertext of the second and third lines is:

T H Y P R I V A T E F E A S T I N G T O A P V 
B L I C K E F A S T T H Y S M O O T H I N G T 
I T L E S T O A R A G G E D N A M E

    Ciphertext reversed is:

E M A N D E G G A R A O T S E L T I T G N I H
T O O M S Y H T T S A F E K C I L B V P A O T 
G N I T S A E F E T A V I R P Y H T

    Plaintext, +4 is:

I Q E R H I L L E Y E S B A I P B N B L R N M 
B S S Q A D M B B A E K I O G N P F C T E S B 
L R N B A E I K I B E C N Y T D M B

    Plaintext, alternate odd letters:

I E H L E E B I B B R M S Q D B A K O N F 
T S L N A I I E N T M

    "Bakon," we will recall, is how Francis spelt the name while drawing a Power of Attorney for the signature of his brother Anthony.


    Bacon delighted in employing single words that contained a version of his name. In "As you like it"(iv, 3, 166), the word "counterfeit" is repeated six times in seventeen lines for no good reason except stress:

       Oli. Be of good cheere youth: you a man?
    You lacke a mans heart.
       Ros. I doe so, I confesse it:
    Ah, sirra, a body would thinke this was well counterfeited,
    I pray you tell your brother how well I counterfeited    : heigh-ho.
       Oli. This was not counterfeit, there is too great te-
    stimony in your complexion that it was a passion of ear-
    nest.
       Ros. Counterfeit, I assure you.
       Oli. Well then, take a good heart, and counterfeit to
    be a man.
       Ros. So I doe: but yfaith, I should have beene a wo-
    man by right.
       Cel. Come, you looke paler and paler: pray you draw
    homewards: good sir, goe with us.
       Oli. That will I: for I must beare answere backe
    How you excuse my brother, Rosalind.
       Ros. I shall deuise something: but I pray you com-
    mend my counterfeiting to him: will you goe?
       Exeunt.

    Ciphertext is:

A B O D Y V O V L D T H I N K E T H I S V A S 
V E L L C O V N T E R F E I T E D I P R A Y Y 
O V T E L L Y O V R B R O T H E R H O V V E L 
L I C O V N T E R F E I T E D H E I G H H O T 
H I S V A S N O T C O V N T E R F E I T T H E 
R E I S T O O G R E A T T E S T I M O N Y I N 
Y O V R C O M P L E I O N T H A T I T V A S A 
P A S S I O N O F E A R N E S T C O V N T E R 
F E I T I A S S V R E Y O V V E L L T H E N T 
A K E A G O O D H E A R T A N D C O V N T E R 
F E I T T O B E A M A N S O I D O E B V T Y F 
A I T H I S H O V L D H A V E B E E N A V O M 
A N B Y R I G H T   

    Plaintext, +4 is:

E F S H D C S C P H B M N R O I B M N A C E A 
C I P P G S C R B I Y K I N B I H N T Y E D D 
S C B I P P D S C Y F Y S B M I Y M S C C I P 
P N G S C R B I Y K I N B I H M I N L M M S B 
M N A C E A R S B G S C R B I Y K I N>B B M I 
Y I N A B S S L Y I E B B I A B N Q S R D N R 
D S C Y G S Q T P I N S R B M E B N B C E A E 
T E A A N S R S K I E Y R I A B G S C R B I Y
K I N B N E A A C Y I D S C C I P P B M I R B 
E O I E L S S H M I E Y B E R H G S C R B I Y 
K I N B B S F I E Q E R A S N H S I F C B D K 
E N B M N A M S C P H M E C I F I I R E C S Q 
E R F D Y N L M B   

    Here we see the name five times, followed by the word "CIFIIR." The emphasis is awesome.


    Even more accent is placed on the definitive ciphertext word "counterfeit" in "The First Part of King Henry the Fourth" (v, 4, 115), where it may be found nine times in twelve lines.

    Imbowell'd? If thou imbowell mee to day, Ile
    giue you leaue to powder me, and eat me too to morrow.
    'Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant Scot,
    has paid me scot and lot too. Counterfeit? I am no coun-
   terfeit; to dye, is to be a counterfeit, for hee is but the
    counterfeit of a man, who hath not the life of a man: But
    to counterfeit dying, when a man thereby liueth, is to be
    no counterfeit, but the true and perfect image of life in-
    deede. The better part of Valour, is Discretion; in the
    which better part, I have saued my life. I am affraide of
    this Gun-Powder Percy though he be dead. How if hee
    should counterfeit too, and rise? I am afraid hee would
    prove the better counterfeit: therefore Ile make him sure:
    yea, and Ile sweare I kill'd him. Why may not hee rise as
    well as I: Nothing confutes me but eyes, and no-bodie
   sees me . . . [Emphasis supplied.]

    For every "counterfeit" in this passage, we may read "BIYKIN", and nine times. Our eyes have confuted the supposed author; now we may perceive who is truly holding the pen.
    So that its significance may not be overlooked, here is the Merriam-Webster unabridged dictionary definition of this word:

    Counterfeit: 1.(a) SPURIOUS, not genuine or authentic; esp: not composed by the author indicated.

    Hereafter we may leave the counterfeit labels on some old books to trustful schoolmasters.


    Another word that contains Bacon's enciphered name is "travail."
    "So to the Lawes at large I write my name." Seven lines following that begins this passage from "Loves Labour's lost" (i, 1, 161):

       Fer. I that there is, our Court you know is hanted
    With a refined travailer of Spaine,
    A man in all the worlds new fashion planted,
    That hath a mint of phrases in his braine:

    Ciphertext, +4 is:

I T H A T T H E R E I S O V R C O V R T Y O V 
K N O V I S H A N T E D V I T H A R E F I N E 
D T R A V A I L E R O F S P A I N E A M A N I 
N A L L T H E V O R L D S N E V F A S H I O N 
P L A N T E D

    Plaintext, +4 is:

N B M E B B M I Y I N A S C Y G S C Y B D S C 
O R S C N A M E R B I H C N B M E Y I K N R I 
H B Y E C E N P I Y S K A T E N R I E Q E R N 
R E P P B M I C S Y P H A R I C K E A M N S R 
T P E R B I H   

    Having given us a plain signal, in three lines the author has confided his name, labeled it, and identified it as being written in cipher.


    And how could the author have pointed out his name more plainly than in "The Tragedy of Cymbeline," (iii, 3, 59):

    And when a Souldier was the Theame, my name
    Was not farre off:

    Ciphertext is:

A N D V H E N A S O V L D I E R V A S T H E T H 
E A M E M Y N A M E V A S N O T F A R R E O F F   

    Ciphertext reversed is:

F F O E R R A F T O N S A V E M A N Y M E M A E 
H T E H T S A V R E I D L V O S A N E H V D N A   

    Plaintext, +4 is:

K K S I Y Y E K B S R A E C I Q E R D Q I Q E I 
M B I M B A E C Y I N H P C S A E R I M C H R E   

    Not content with forcing his name into the first word of dialogue in "The Tempest" (Boteswaine), Bacon did it again in the first fourteen lines of the "Comedy of Errors":

    I am not partiall to infringe our Lawes;
    The enmity and discord which of late
    Sprung from the rancorous outrage of your Duke,
    To Merchants our will-dealing Countrimen,
    Who wanting gilders to redeeme their liues,
    Have seal'd his rigorous statutes with their blouds,
    Excludes all pitty from our threatning lookes:
    For since the mortall and intestine iarres
    Twixt thy seditious Countrimen and vs,
    It hath in solemne Synodes beene decreed,
    Both by the Siracusians and our selues,

    Reading from the bottom to the top, the initial capitals are:

B I T F E H V T S T I   

    The plaintext is:

F N B K I M C B A B N   

    Alternate letters are:

F B I C A N

    The very next line contains the word "trafficke" which, when reversed, spells "ek CIFFAR t".


    In the "History of Sir John Oldcastle" (1664 Folio, p. 53, col. 2, l. 9), and leading up to a passage we shall penetrate, there are a number of words and phrases to put us on our guard. These are (col. 1) "do it secretly," and "make some sign," and "conceale our names." Sixteen lines later we read:

       2. Iust. But how came your sharp edg'd knives unsheath'd?
       L. Cob. To cut such simple victual as we had.
       Jud. Say we admit this answer to those Articles,
    What made you in so private a dark nook,
    So far remote from any common path,
    As was the thick where the dead corps was thrown?
       Cob. Journeying, my Lord, from London, from the Term,
    Down into Lancashire, where we do dwell:
    And what with age, and travel being faint,
    We gladly sought a place where we might rest.
    Free from resort of other passengers,
    And so we stray'd into that secret corner.
       Jud. These are but ambages to drive off time,

    Ciphertext of the initial capitals:

B T S V S A I D A V F A T   

    Plaintext, +4, is:

F B A C A E N H E C K E B   

    Here we find an unexpected dividend; the name is doubly inserted. Reversing the plaintext, we read:

B E K C E H N E A C A B F   

    What were Ambages? The dictionary says, "Secret or mysterious ways of action." What was a "HECK" ? In Middle English, "The lower half of a divided door."


    Bacon sometimes used all of the initial capitalized letters in succeeding verses, as in this pregnant quotation from the Sonnets:

       76
   WHy is my verse so barren of new pride?
    So far from variation or quicke change?
    Why with the time do I not glance aside
    To new found methods, and to compounds strange?
    Why write I still all one, euer the same,
    And keepe inuention in a noted weed, [weed=costume]
    That euery word doth almost sel my name, [sel=spell, or (sell)=betray]
    Shewing their birth, and where they did proceed?
    O know sweet loue I alwaies write of you,
    And you and loue are still my argument:
    So all my best is dressing old words new,
    Spending againe what is already spent:
    For as the Sun is daily new and old,
    So is my loue still telling what is told.

       77
    THy glasse will shew thee how thy beauties were,
    Thy dyall how thy pretious mynuits waste,

    Reading all of the initial letters of the capitalized words, beginning at the end and up to "Shewing their birth," we find:

    Ciphertext is:

T T S S F S S A I O   

    Plaintext is:

B B A A K A A E N S   

    Alternate letters are:

B A K A N


    Many times Bacon combined the alternate letters and third letters of the ciphertext to register his name more than once. Here is an example from the first page of "The Merchant of Venice" (1,1,29) in which he triply employed all of the capital letters:

    To kisse her buriall; though I goe to Church
    And see the holy edifice of stone,
    And not bethinke me straight of dangerous rocks,
    Which touching but my gentle Vessels side
    Would scatter all her spices on the streame,
    Enrobe the roring waters with my silkes,
    And in a word, but euen now worth this,
    And now worth nothing. Shall I haue the thought
    That such a thing bechaunc'd would make me sad
    But tell not me, I know Anthonio

    The ciphertext is:

T I C A A V V V E A A S I T B I A   

    Plaintext is:

B N G E E C C C I E E A N B F N E   

    Alternate letters are:

N E C C E A B N  (Baeccen reversed)

    Third letters are:

B E C E N N
N E C E B E  (Becen reversed)

    The existence of such plain indicators, such as "bechaun" in the open text, cannot be neglected.


    The word "Cipher" is often such a clue, as in "The History of Sir John Oldcastle" (1664 Folio, p. 46, col. 1, line 37). Title-paged to William Shakespeare in a 1619 quarto, "it was certainly not by him," say the knowing critics. One says it was written by Munday, Drayton, Wilson and Hathaway; another claims it was composed by Kyd, but rewritten by Peele, Greene and Marlowe. The critics confusion may now be ended. Here are some lines:

    And sit within the Throne, but for a Cipher.
    Time was, good Subjects would not make known their grief,
    And pray amendment, not enforce the same,
    Unlesse their King were tyrant, which I hope

    Following "Cipher," we may read the next six capital letters in the familiar acrostic fashion of the times:

    Ciphertext is:

T S A V K I

    Plaintext, +4 is:

B A E C O N

    In the previous, 1600, edition of this play, the word "Subjects" was not capitalized. The plaintext result is then B E C O N and this is how one of Bacon's relations once spelled his name.


Conclusion

    We have reached a place where each of these signatures cannot all be ascribed to happenstance. In my book I have described one-hundred and thirteen similar illustrations; [The Second Cryptographic Shakespeare, Penn Leary, 1990, available from the author, $15.00 postpaid anywhere, 218 So. 95 St., Omaha NE 68114] they must not all have occurred by chance. Fourteen separate examples are shown in which the playwright's name appears three or more times. Ten times an abbreviation of his first name just precedes his last. Forty-three times it is found in conjunction with a version of "cipher." Nine times it is found twice within one line of text.
    In addition, this name appears on twenty occasions together with, either in ciphertext or plaintext, the word "name." Must such subtlety forever escape the perception of the literary mind? While we follow the trail of these vintage etymological imprints, must we overlook such peculiarities? Our compass points across the wake of an immensely informed scholar; shall we still insist that he was innocent of cryptographic design -- helpless to reveal his name through the composition of such coherent, but well concealed, devices?
    Indeed, what does it matter who wrote the works of William Shakespeare when the poems and the plays remain for us to admire and enjoy -- to venerate, as Mark Twain said, "until the last sun goes down"?
    It matters because truth matters. There is some elemental secret about Francis Bacon's life, some basic circumstance still unexplained. At least Ben Jonson must have known. Had Bacon other friends, faithful to this strange trust, who never revealed his quiet deeds? Have the descendants of such a coterie persisted through the long ages? Do such initiates still quietly enjoy this deception with cryptic smiles?
    In 1621, when he retired from public life, he wrote a letter to his friend Count Gondomar, the Spanish Ambassador:

    "Now indeed both my age, the state of my fortune, and also that of my genius, which I have hitherto so parsimoniously satisfied, call me, as I depart from the Theatre of Public Affairs, to devote myself to letters; to marshal the Intellectual Actors of the present, and to help those of future time. Perchance that will be my honour; and I may pass the remainder of my life as if in the vestibule of a better one."

    It is amusing to contemplate in our imaginations the scene as the curtain rises for the first act of a faithful production of "The Tempest."
    According to Shakespeare's own stage directions, "A tempestuous noise of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter a Ship-master and a Bote-swaine."
    What is the first word that the "Master" shouts above the din?
    Not really "Bote-swaine," but the name of the author, Francis Bacon -- that extraordinary man of astonishing equivocacy, that man who, Ben Jonson wrote, "could never pass by a jest."


Shakspere-Bacon's Cipher, by Walt Whitman:

I doubt it not--then more, far more;
In each old song bequeath'd--in every noble page or text,
(Different--something unreck'd before--some unsuspected author,)
In every object, mountain, tree, and star--in every birth and life,
As part of each--evolv'd from each--meaning, behind the ostent,
A mystic cipher waits infolded.

   Schopenhauer is reported to have said: "Every new discovery passes through three stages; first it will be greeted with ridicule, then it will be opposed, and finally it will be accepted as obvious."

Finis

If you would like to learn more about this, go now to: The Complete Second Cryptographic Shakespeare.