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8. Absolute value equations and inequalities

The absolute value of a real number is written as |x| and is defined as:

|x| =  x if x ≥ 0 
|x| = -x if x < 0
The absolute value of x is always greater than or equal to zero. On the real number line, the absolute value of a number is equal to its distance from the origin.

      |<----|-4|----->|<-------|5|------->|  
--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
     -4      -2       0       2       4      
The absolute value of the difference between two real numbers is the distance between them on the real number line.
      |<-------------|-4 - 5|------------>|  
--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
     -4      -2       0       2       4      
The absolute value of an expression has the following properties
|a·b| = |a||b|

|an| = |a|n

|a/b| = |a|/|b| where b ≠ 0
       ___
|a| = √ a2

|a + b| ≤ |a| + |b|     triangle inequality

|a| ≤ k   if and only if   -k ≤ a   and   a ≤ k

|a| ≥ k   if and only if   -k ≥ a   or    a ≥ k

8.1. Solving equations with absolute values
8.2. Solving inequalities with absolute values
8.3. Absolute values of complex numbers
8.4. Solved problems


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Copyright © 2005, Stephen R. Schmitt