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7.2. Solving linear inequalities

A linear inequality is one that can be transformed into one of the standard forms:

ax + b < 0
ax + b ≤ 0
ax + b > 0
ax + b ≥ 0
The procedure for solving linear inequalities in one variable is similar to solving linear equations; apply transformation operation to isolate the variable on one side of the inequality symbol.

Example, solve: x + 2 < 5

x + 2 - 2 < 5 - 2
x < 3 
Then the solution set is the open interval (-∞, 3)

Example, solve: 3 - 2x ≥ 15

3 - 2x - 3 ≥ 15 - 3
-2x ≥ 12
2x ≤ -12
2x/2 ≤ -12/2
x ≤ -6
Then the solution set is the half open interval (-∞, -6]

Linear inequalities with three members

A pair of inequalities, a < b and b < c, is true if both inequalities are true. This pair of statements is sometimes written in the form:
a < b < c
This combined statement may be solved by isolating the variable in the center.

Example, solve: 0 < 2x + 4 < 10

0 - 4 < 2x + 4 - 4 < 10 - 4
-4 < 2x < 6
-4/2 < 2x/2 < 6/2
-2 < x < 3
Then the solution set is the open interval (-2, 3)

Isolation of the variable as above is not always possible. In this case, isolate the variables in two separate inequalities. The solution must satisfy both inequalities.

Example, solve: 3x + 8 > x - 4 ≥ 2x

3x + 8 - x + 4 > x - 4 - x + 4 and
x - 4 - 2x ≥ 2x - 2x

2x + 12 > 0   and   -x - 4 ≥ 0
0 < x + 6     and    x + 4 ≤ 0
-6 < x        and    x ≤ -4
Then the solution set is the half open interval (-6, -4]


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Copyright © 2005, Stephen R. Schmitt