Common Recreational Sports Injuries
A B
C D E
F G H
I J K L
M
N O P
Q R S
T U V W
X Y Z
Decompression
injury:
Discription:
Bends,
Caisson disease.
A sometimes
fatal disorder caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood
and tissues after a person changes too quickly from an environment of high
atmospheric pressure to one of normal pressure.
Signs
and Symptoms:
Type
I:
-
Joint pain
in the elbow, shoulder, hip and knee joints most common complaint
-
Skin may
be involved, displaying a mottled appearance known as "cutis marmorata"
-
Bubbles in
the lymphatic system may result in regional lymphedema
Type II:
-
May involve
the brain, the spinal cord, or the cardiopulmonary system
-
Neurologic
manifestations may include sensory deficits, hemiplegia, paraplegia, paresthesias,
and peripheral neuropathies
-
Possible
cardiopulmonary effects include massive pulmonary gas emboli or myocardial
infarction
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Causes
and Anatomy involved
Prevention
Treatment
Rehabilitation
/ Exercise
Dehydration:
Discription:
Is the
excessive loss of water from the body. In normal conditions an adult needs
about 5 pints (2.4l) of water each day to replace that which is lost by
breathing, sweating, urinating, and defecating. If this fluid loss is not
replaced, dehydration results. Causes are: Heavy sweating; persistent vomiting
or diarrhea from any cause; use of drugs that deplete fluids and electrolytes,
such as diuretics ("water pills"); overexposure to sun or heat; age over
60; recent illness with high fever; and chronic kidney disease.
Signs
and Symptoms:
-
Dry mouth
-
Decreased
or absent urination
-
Sunken eyes
-
Wrinkled
skin
-
Confusion
-
Low blood
pressure
-
Coma
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Causes
and Anatomy involved
Prevention
Treatment
Rehabilitation
/ Exercise
Dislocations:
Discription:
Ankle
dislocation, Collarbone dislocation, Elbow dislocation, Finger dislocation,
Foot dislocation, Hand dislocation, Hip dislocation, Hip dyslapsia, Jaw
dislocation, Knee dislocation, Neck dislocation, Rib dislocation, Shoulder dislocation, Subluxation, Toe dislocation, Wrist dislocation.
The displacement
of a structure from its normal position in the body. In most joints, dislocations
of bones are rare, except as a complication of a fracture or as a result
of weakened joint ligaments. Dislocations most commonly occur in the shoulder,
where there may be a congenital weakness of the surrounding ligaments.
A dislocation always involves torn ligaments, and it may take several weeks
for the tears to heal.
Signs
and Symptoms:
Ankle
dislocation: An injury to the ankle so that the adjoining bones are displaced
and no longer touch each other. Ankle dislocations are almost always associated
with sprains (damage to ligaments) and fractures.
-
Excruciating
pain at the time of injury
-
Loss of ankle
function and severe pain when attempting to move the ankle
-
Locking of
the dislocated bones in the abnormal position or spontaneous reposition,
leaving no apparent deformity
-
Tenderness
over the site of the dislocation, fracture and sprain
-
Ankle swelling
and bruising
-
Numbness
or paralysis in the foot from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels
or nerves
Collarbone dislocation:
An injury in which adjoining bones of the clavicle (collarbone) are displaced
from their normal position and no longer touch each other.
-
Excruciating
pain in the collarbone-shoulder area at the time of injury
-
Loss of shoulder
function
-
Severe pain
when attempting to move the tip of the shoulder
-
Visible deformity
if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
-
Bones may
spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage
is the same
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation.
-
Swelling
and bruising over the injury.
-
Numbness
or paralysis in the arm below the dislocation caused by pressure on blood
vessels or nerves.
Elbow dislocation:
An injury to the elbow joint so that adjoining bones are displaced from
their normal position and no longer touch each other. An elbow dislocation
is usually a surgical emergency because damage to nerves and blood vessels
is common and severe.
-
Excruciating
pain at the time of injury
-
Loss of elbow
function
-
Severe pain
when attempting to move the elbow
-
Visible deformity
if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
-
Bones may
spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage
is the same
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation
-
Swelling
and bruising around the elbow
-
Numbness
or paralysis in the arm below the dislocation caused by pressure on blood
vessels or nerves
-
Decreased
or absent pulse at the wrist because of blood-vessel damage
Finger dislocation:
Injury to any finger joint so that adjoining bones are displaced from their
normal position and no longer touch each other. Fractures and ligament
sprains frequently accompany this dislocation. Finger dislocations are
a common problem for athletes.
-
Excruciating
pain in the finger at the time of injury
-
Loss of function
in the dislocated joint
-
Severe pain
when attempting to move the injured finger
-
Visible deformity
if the dislocated finger has locked in the
-
dislocated
position
-
Bones may
spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage
is the sam
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation
-
Swelling
and bruising at the injury site
-
Numbness
or paralysis beyond the dislocation from pinching, cutting or pressure
on blood vessels or nerves
Foot dislocation:
Subtalar:
Injury to a joint in the foot below the talus so that adjoining bones are
displaced from their normal position and no longer touch each other. Joint
surfaces still touch, but not in normal relation to each other.
-
Excruciating
pain at the time of injury
-
Inability
to bear weight and walk
-
Severe pain
when attempting to move the foot
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation
-
Swelling
and bruising at the injury site
-
Numbness
or paralysis below the dislocation from pinching, cutting or pressure on
blood vessels or nerves
Talus: Injury
and displacement of the talus so it no longer touches adjoining bones.
Fractures and ligament sprains frequently accompany this dislocation.
-
Excruciating
pain in the foot at the time of injury.
-
Loss of function
in the foot and ankle, and severe pain when attempting to move them
-
Visible deformity
if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
-
Bones may
spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage
is the same
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation.
-
Swelling
and bruising at the injury site
-
Numbness
or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure on, pinching or cutting
of blood vessels or nerves
Hand dislocation:
Injury to the hand so that adjoining bones are displaced and no longer
touch each other. The ulnar nerve is likely to be injured with this dislocation.
If the ulnar nerve is involved, surgery is necessary to prevent permanent
damage.
-
Excruciating
pain at the time of injury
-
Loss of normal
hand function
-
Severe pain
when attempting to move the hand
-
Visible deformity
if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
-
Bones may
spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage
is the same
-
Tenderness
over the dislocation
-
Swelling
and bruising at the injury site
-
Numbness
or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure, pinching or cutting of
blood vessels or nerves
Hip dislocation: A serious hip injury in which adjoining bones in the hip are displaced so they no longer touch each other. Dislocations are frequently accompanied by bone fractures, torn ligaments and torn tendons. Temporary or permanent damage to bone or to the sciatic nerve makes immediate treatment necessary.
- Severe pain in the hip at the time of injury, and when trying to move hip
- Loss of hip function
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- The leg may appear shortened and turned in
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising at the injury site
- Numbness or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Hip dyslapsia:
Jaw dislocation:
Temporo-mandibular joint: Injury and displacement of the end of the lower jaw from its normal niche in a small depression at the base of the skull.
- Inability to close the mouth
- Excruciating pain in the jaw at the time of injury
- Visible deformity if dislocated bones lock in the dislocated position
- If they spontaneously reposition themselves, no deformity will be apparent, but damage will be the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising around the jaw
- Numbness or paralysis in muscles of the face, jaw and neck from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Knee dislocation:
Tibia-femur: Injury to the knee joint in which the upper and lower leg bones are displaced and no longer touch each other. Knee dislocations often include torn or ruptured ligaments in the knee.
- Severe knee pain at the time of injury
- Loss of function of the knee, and severe pain when attempting to move it
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising around the knee
- Numbness or paralysis below the dislocation
Tibia-fibula: Injury and displacement of the bones of the lower leg so they no longer touch each other. This is less common than dislocation of the kneecap. It often occurs with fracture of the tibia.
- A feeling of the knee "giving way"
- Excruciating pain at the time of injury
- Locking of the dislocated bones in the abnormal position or spontaneous reposition, leaving no apparent deformity
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and discoloration of the knee
- Numbness or paralysis in the lower leg and foot from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Patella (kneecap) dislocation: A displacement of the patella (kneecap) so it no longer touches adjoining bones. Adolescents and young adults are most prone to this injury.
- A feeling of the knee "giving way"
- Excruciating pain in the knee at the time of injury
- Loss of function of the knee, and severe pain when attempting to move it
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising around the knee
- Numbness or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Neck dislocation:
Cervical-spine: A displacement of spinal vertebrae in the neck so that adjoining bones no longer touch each other. . Joint surfaces still touch, but not in normal relation to each other. Neck subluxation followed by spontaneous reposition occurs frequently in athletes. A neck dislocation is a serious injury that can lead to spinal-cord damage and paralysis of all four extremities, and sometimes leads to death.
- Excruciating pain at the time of injury
- Loss of function in the neck and severe pain when attempting to move it
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising in the neck
- Numbness or paralysis below the neck dislocation site from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Rib dislocation: Injury and displacement of a rib where it joins the sternum (breastbone) or spinal column. dislocation means the rib and adjoining bones no longer touch each other. sublaxation is a minor dislocation in which the joint surfaces still touch, but not in normal relation to each other.
- Excruciating pain at the time of injury
- Loss of function of the injured rib, causing breathing difficulty
- Severe pain when moving
- Visible deformity (lump) if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising over the rib
- Pain when taking a deep breath, coughing or laughing
- Numbness or paralysis of other ribs below the dislocation or subluxation from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Shoulder dislocation: Displacement of the humerus (upper-arm bone) from its socket in the shoulder joint. A forward displacement of the humerus is the most common type of shoulder dislocation.
- Excruciating pain at the time of injury
- Loss of function of the dislocated shoulder joint and severe pain when attempting to move it
- Visible deformity if dislocated bones lock in the dislocated position
- If they spontaneously reposition themselves, no deformity will be visible, but damage will be the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising at the injury site
- Numbness or paralysis in the arm from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Subluxation: A minor dislocation.
Toe dislocation: Injury to any toe joint so that adjoining bones are displaced from their normal position and no longer touch each other. Fractures and ligament sprains frequently accompany this dislocation. Toe dislocations are a common problem for athletes.
- Excruciating pain in the toe at the time of injury
- Walking difficulty
- Severe pain when attempting to move the injured toe
- Visible deformity if the dislocated toe has locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising at the injury site
- Numbness or paralysis beyond the dislocation from pinching, cutting or pressure on blood vessels or nerves
Wrist dislocation:
Lunate: Injury and displacement of the lunate bone of the wrist (usually) or of other bones in the hand and wrist (less commonly). The dislocated bone no longer touches the adjoining bones in the normal manner.
- Excruciating pain in the wrist at the time of dislocation
- Loss of hand and wrist function, as well as severe pain when attempting to move them
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising at the injury site
- Numbness or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
Radius and ulna: An injury to one of the joints in the wrist so that adjoining bones no longer touch each other. A sublaxation is when joint surfaces still touch but not in normal relation to each other.
- Excruciating pain in the wrist at the time of dislocation
- Loss of hand and wrist function, as well as severe pain when attempting to move them
- Visible deformity if the dislocated bones have locked in the dislocated position
- Bones may spontaneously reposition themselves and leave no deformity, but damage is the same
- Tenderness over the dislocation
- Swelling and bruising at the injury site
- Numbness or paralysis below the dislocation from pressure, pinching or cutting of blood vessels or nerves
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Causes
and Anatomy involved
Prevention
Treatment
Rehabilitation
/ Exercise
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