A little help with Allapattah (specifically Finley, which Allapattah overruled):

S1 Mrs. Finley -------- Wrongful death husband & kids ---------> City SD & Util Co
.....................................San Diego airport
.....................................electrical power lines on approach
.....................................Forum: state court
.....................................Result: can't sue US in state ct (~ 11th Amendment US Const: citizen can't sue a state in fed cts)

S2 Mrs. Finley -------- Wrongful death husband & kids ---------> US
..... (FAA negligence b/c runway lighting obscuring power lines)
.....................................Case arising under Fed Torts Claims Act
.....................................Forum: fed court (exclu SMJ when US = D)

S2 Motion: Add S1 pendent claims & pendent parties to S2.

US SCt maj: pendent & ancillary SMJ = unconstitutional usurpation of the Art III fed judicial power;
(1989) (none of the prior 3 SCt cases--Gibbs, Aldinger, Owen--were overruled).

Next year (1990): Congress codifies pendent & ancillary SMJ under rubric of "Supplemental" SMJ in 28 USC Sec. 1367.

Allapattah (2005): early US SCt cases limiting diversity jurtisd, on amount in controversy grounds, overruled by Sec. 1367.