CNE250 Networking Technologies

Review for Third Quiz

 

1. What upper layer protocols does a bridge depend on? What is the 80/20 rule for bridges?
   
   
2. What are the three types of bridges? Which kind keeps a filtering database?
   
   
3. What are the five states a bridge port can be in? Which state is the only one that allows the bridge to forward packets? What is the name used for the "intelligent" part of a bridge?
   
   
4. What protocol is used to avoid bridging loops? What is a BPDU? How does a bridge become the Root Bridge? What is its port cost?
   
   
5. What is only kind of BPDU that a backup bridge will generate? Why would it do so?
   
   
6. What action does a Source Routing Bridge take with regard to frames that it forwards? What sort of networks usually employ Source Routing Bridges?
   
   
7. What other names might be used for a switch?
   
   
8. Store-and-forward is used in some bridges and some switches. Why does this introduce latency?
   
   
9. What is the advantage and the disadvantage of a Cut-Through switch?
   
   
10. At what two ISO layers can a switch create a virtual LAN?
    
    
11. What is the purpose of a Token Ring switch?
    
    
12. What is the purpose of a router? What sort of addresses do routers use? What header do routers use as a "scratch pad"?
    
    
13. What is a hop? How is it different from a cost metric?
    
    
14. What are the two types of dynamic route discovery protocols? How is convergence different between them?
    
    
15. What is the count-to-infinity problem? What number would a router associate with infinity? What are the two methods described for counteracting this problem?
    
    
16. What is load balancing, with regard to routes?
    
    
17. What are the four listed nonroutable protocols? How are their reasons for being unroutable different?
    
    
18. You should review the reasons for choosing a connectivity device from page 3-59 through the end of the chapter.
    
    
19. How many bytes are in a standard (IPv4) IP address? How many bits does that make? What does "dotted octet" mean?
    
    
20. What are the five network classes called? How many bytes are used by the network part of the address in each class?
    
    
21. What is the largest number that can be expressed in a single byte? What does this number look like, expressed in base 2 (binary) notation?
    
    
22. If you see an address in binary notation, which byte will tell you what class this address belongs to? How can you tell the class of the address by looking at this byte?
    
    
23. What is the address that is defined as the Local Host? What would an address mean that has all host bits set to 0s? How about all host bits set to 1s?
    
    
24. What is the significance of each of these organizations?
    1. InterNIC
    2. ARIN
    3. RIPE
    4. APNIC
    5. RNP

    
    
    

25. What is IPv6?
    
    
26. What is a registered domain name? What are the top level domains in at least three non-U.S. countries? What are some common top level domains in the U.S.?
    
    
27. What is the absolute length limit for a domain name? How many characters may be in each label in a domain name? Does capitalization matter?
    
    
28. Who to you apply to for a domain name?
    
    
29. Does a network address represent one address or many? What must you do with the network address when assigning addresses to hosts?
    
    
30. What are private addresses? What are the private address ranges for the first three classes of network?
    
    
31. What is DNS? What is the alternative to using DNS on small networks?
    
    
32. Why are domains subdivided into zones? What are the three types of zones described in the chapter?
    
    
33. What is a DNS resolver?
    
    
34. What is a Master name server? How is it different from a Replica name server? What is a zone transfer?
    
    
35. What is the effect of creating subnets: creating more or fewer logical networks?
    
    
36. What are three reasons for creating subnets?
    
    
37. How many bits must you borrow to establish two subnets, assuming standard calculations?
    
    
38. What are the classful subnet masks for Class A, B, and C networks?

    
    

39. If you can see a network address in binary notation, how do you tell what class it belongs to?
    
    
40. You should be able to convert a decimal number to a binary number, and convert a binary number to a decimal number. Practice the techniques for a test question.
    
    
41. What is the calculation to determine how many subnets are possible with a given subnet mask? Assume the subnet mask is 255.255.224.0. How many subnets are possible, if we do not allow all 1s or all 0s as subnet bits? How many hosts are possible per subnet, using the same rule about all 1s and 0s?
    
    
42. Assume you are borrowing three bits for subnets on a Class C license. What are first three subnetworks you will actually use? What is the last subnetwork you should consider using?
    
    
43. What is a reason for creating supernets?
    
    
44. Assume you wish to create a supernet. You are offered a choice of being assigned addresses 201.41.18.0 and 201.41.19.0 or 201.41.19.0 and 201.41.20.0. Which choice will suit your needs? Why?
    
    
45. Assume you want to create a supernet with about two thousand nodes. How many Class C networks will you need to combine to make this possible?

    
    

46. How do you determine the broadcast address for a supernet?
    
    
47. If your routers support CIDR, they will receive address like 220.12.78.0/23. In this example, what do the characters /23 mean to the router?
    
    
48. What network model was the TCP/IP suite constructed to support? How many layer are in this model? How does it relate to the ISO-OSI model?
    
    
49. What are some common upper layer protocols in the TCP/IP suite?
    
    
50. Which protocol in the TCP/IP suite is associated with reliable connections? Which two are associated with connectionless services?
    
    
51. What are major subdivisions in IP networks called? What are subdivisions in the subdivisions called?
    
    
52. What are internal gateways? What are external gateways?
    
    
53. What are the two routing protocol choices possible for internal gateways? Which is Distance Vector, and which is Link State?
    
    
54. You should be familiar with the following terms:
    1. Designated Router
    2. Backup Designated Router
    3. Database Description Packet
    4. Link State Update
    5. Link State Request
    6. Link State Acknowledgement
    7. Autononmous System
    8. Autonomous System Border Router
    9. Area Border Router
    10. Stub Area
    11. Transit Area

    
    
    

55. What is the maximum number of hops allowed by RIP? By OSPF?
    
    
56. What are ARP and RARP for? How is RARP like BOOTP?
    
    
57. What are three network analysis tools listed in Chapter 7 for IP networks?
    
    
58. What are some features of IPv6?
    
    
59. How many hex characters are used in an IPX network address? How many are in an internal network address? How many are in a node address? How many hex characters are expressed in one byte?
    
    
60. What piece of hardware generally determines what an IPX node's address is?
    
    
61. Regarding socket addresses:
    1. What does a socket address represent?
    2. What is the socket address for SAP? RIP? NLSP?

    
    
    

62. What are the three hex numbers that cannot be assigned to networks?
    
    
63. What ISO layer does the IPX/SPX suite not cover?
    
    
64. What ISO layer does the IPX protocol work on? What layer does the TCP protocol work on?
    
    
65. Which routing protocol sends entire routing tables with each transmission?
    
    
66. How often are RIP and SAP packets sent by default?
    
    
67. What is the purpose of a SAP Information Broadcast? What is the purpose of a SAP Service Query? What is the purpose of a SAP Service Response?
    
    
68. What is a link, with regard to a route? What is the method of calculating the cost of a route for NLSP?
    
    
69. How does a router get to be the Designated Router for an NLSP system? What does the Designated Router create and represent to the network?
    
    
70. What is the meaning of each of these NLSP terms:
    1. Complete Sequence Number Packet
    2. Partial Sequence Number Packet (PSNP)
    3. LSP

    
    
    

71. What are the NetWare Core Protocols?
    
    
72. What is an MLID? What is LSL? What is the relationship between them?
    
    
73. What protocol analysis tools are suggested for the IPX suite?
    
    
74. What are two Directory based systems that can be called specific implementations of X.500?
    
    
75. What does the book state is the shape of an X.500 Directory structure?
    
    
76. What are Intermediate Objects in an X.500 Tree? What is their purpose? What are the four types of Intermediate Objects specified in the chapter?
    
    
77. What is another term for Terminating Objects in an X.500 Tree?
    
    
78. What is the term for the set of rules that dictate what sort of objects may be created in a Tree?
    
    
79. You should be able to state an object's distinguished name, if you can see it in a diagram, or if you are given an adequate description of a Tree and that object's location in it.
    
    
80. What kind of network entity does a Directory Service Agent run on? What kind of entity runs a Directory User Agent?
    
    
81. What are the three protocols that you are told could be used for communication between DSAs and DUAs? What is the difference between them?