Co terms

 

coca rolo. a. 4-step 1-measure pattern.

  Cross rock-L in front of R, recover-R,

  side-L, cross rock-R in front of L;.  b.

  4-step 1-measure swivel pattern, step on

  balls to swivel.  Open position face dance-

  line: Forward-L in front of R þR-turn face

  diagonal dance-line & wall `V' position,

  forward-R in front of L ¬L-turn face

  diagonal dance-line-center back-`V'

  position, forward-L in front of R ¬R-turn

  face diagonal-out `V' position, forward-R

  in front of L ¬R-turn face diagonal-in

  back-`V' position;.

 

cockroach.  Cucaracha.  Roach.

 

cog.  Center of gravity.

 

coh.  Center of hall.

 

coined term.  Term devised, made up or

  invented for a step, pattern, figure or

  position.  Terms should not be coined for

  actions with existing names.

 

cola.  Conga term for conga comparsas, a

  carnival parade dance.

 

college step.  Old Siwash.  2-measure waltz

  pattern. "American Society of Professors of

  Dancing" 1891.  Forward-L, close-R swing-L

  forward, close-L swing-R back; Close-R

  swing-L forward, forward-L, close-R;.

 

collegiate shag.  Lindy/swing/jive pattern.

  Face girl and wall R-hands joined partners

  offset to-R: Rock apart-L, recover-R, rock

  apart-L, recover-R; Half-wheel forward-L,

  forward-R face  center, Rock forward-L/

  recover-R, rock forward-L;.

 

combo. a. Combination of steps or patterns.

  b.  Small group of musicians.

 

comma (,).  The end of a ¬note beat time

  frame. The space between 2 commas (, ,)

  or a semi-colon and comma (; ,) = ¬note

  time span.  It may be allocated to a

  step, a non-step foot action, a body

  movement or a hold.

 

comparsas.  Carnival parade or conga line

  identical footwork, called cola.  Dance in

  a line, trailing dancers hands on shoulders

  or waists of dancer in front.  Run-L, R, L,

  kick-R side; Run-R, L, R, kick-L side;.

  Variations:  a.  Run-L, R, L, *; R, L, R,

  *;.  b.  Side-L, in front-R, side-L, *;

  Side-R, in front-L, side-R, *;.  * = hop-

  point, chug forward or back, push-point,

  kick side, kick forward, or other action.

 

competition.  Contest where dancers vie to

  win first place or related ratings, as

  judged by "experts".  Ballroom contests

  encourage student dancers to achieve

  goals and recognition.  Competition

  motivates dancers to expand knowledge,

  improve style and proficiency.  An ego

  builder and outlet for exhibitionists or

  hams.  It builds confidence, overcomes

  floor fright and develops stage presence.

  Provides incentive to learn and practice

  patterns required to compete.  Ambition

  associated with competition is a cohesive

  force to bonds students with instructors

  and studios.

    By tradition, round dance leaders avoid

  organized competition dances.  More dancers

  obtain greater enjoyment and pleasure

  without competition.  Round dancers and

  teachers are susceptible to competitive

  emotion.  Exhibitions and demonstrations

  tend to satisfy these desires.

 

compress thighs.  Hold thighs together.

 

conga.  Origin: chained African slaves. 

  Cuban import to USA, popular 1930's.  Dance

  in line with identical foot-work, or facing

  partner with opposite foot-work.  Basic:

  Side-L, in front-R, side-L, kick-R side;

  Side-R, in front-L, side-R, kick-L side;.

    Styles: Kick-R with weight on L-heel; or

  contract hips & bend elbows forward; or

  push L-shoulder forward; or 3-shoulder

  shakes; or Beat-3 bend both knees, beat-4

  rise & bend elbows & body forward.

 

conga turn.  Roll-L, R, L, kick-R; Roll-R,

  L, R, kick-L;.

 

consider others.  Dancing & lessons requires

  close proximity with others.  Avoid

  offense: bathe; use deodorants; wear clean

  clothes; abstain from smelly foods & drink.

  Be courteous, thank partner after a dance,

  especially on mixers.  Be pleasant, non-

  critical, tolerant, tactful, & gentle. Use

  good manners and consideration.

 

constant tempo.  Tempo without variation.

  Best music for smooth relaxed dancing.

 

cont.  Contra.  Contra dance.

 

continental.  Stroll vine.  4-measure 10-

  step pattern.  Cue: Twist vine-2; L-turn

  two-step; Twist vine-2; R-turn two-step;.

  Closed position wall: Side-L þR-turn

  sidecar diagonal reverse, - , back-R

  (front-L) þL-turn closed position wall, -

  ; side-L ¬L-turn closed position dance-

  line, close-R, forward-L ¬L-turn to closed

  position center, - ; Side-R þL-turn banjo

  diagonal reverse center, back-L (girl

  front-R) þR-turn closed position center, -

  ; Side-R ¬R-turn closed position dance-

  line, close-L, side-R ¬R-turn to closed

  position wall, - ;.

 

contra (cont).  Opposite.  Contra dance, two

  opposing lines of dancers.

 

contra body motion/movement (cbm).  Move

  opposite side of body forward with the

  stepping foot.  Move R-shoulder & torso

  forward on forward-L step.  Move L-shoulder

  & torso forward on forward-R step.  Natural

  body mechanics of walk, run or dance steps.

  Contra body motion generates counterbalance

  for smooth body center of gravity (COG)

  progression.

    Try to run moving the L-side of the body

  (shoulder, arm and hip) forward on forward-

  L steps (R-side of the body forward on

  forward-R steps).  This creates a cyclic

  COG movement of varying speed on each step.

  Feet & COG alternate clockwise and counter-

  clockwise arcs.  Steps arc COG around & in

  front of leading foot.  Speed is limited by

  the inefficient cyclic arcs movement.

 

contra body movement position (cbmp). 

  Modified banjo or sidecar positions.

 

contra body position. a. Contra Closed Position.  Similar to closed

  position, with partner's L-foot interlaced between partners feet.  Her

  head to L of his.  This partner configuration favors L-turn patterns.

    b. Modified banjo or sidecar position.  Partners offset to side

  of closed position (L banjo, R sidecar) on diagonal to the direction of

  movement.  Adjacent hips overlap slightly.  Feet outside partner's feet.

  Hips or sides HIPS NOT TOUCHING.

 

contra check. a. Closed position dance-line:

  Forward-L (back-R) to contra body banjo

  check forward motion.  Retain R-ball (L) in

  place.  Feet in-line formed by R-ball (her

  L-heel), L-heel (her  R-ball).  Weights

  divided between R-ball & L-flat, flex knees

  to accommodate foot alignment.  b. Dancers

  position & attitude on contra check.

 

contra dance.  a. Couples form 2-opposing

  lines.  b. Music for the dance.  c.

  French term: contre danse = contra dance

  = country dance = contra.  d. Reference

  John Playford's 1651 book "English

  Dancing Masters".  e. English `longways'

  dance.

 

contra movement.  Contra body motion.

 

contract.  Agreement between: a. 2 or more

  persons;  b.  A teacher & dance group to

  provide requested service at a time and

  place for a fee.  A contract may include:

  transportation; expenses; quarters; and

  meal clauses.  Written contracts provide

  parties with a record of agreements & help

  insure understandings.  A LETTER OF

  AGREEMENT is a written record to document

  a verbal contract.  A letter of agreement

  may be initiated by either party following

  verbal negotiation.  If signed by both

  parties it constitutes a contract.

_

 

 

     SAMPLE LETTER OF AGREEMENT:

(Date)

From:  Name-1, address and phone number.

To:  Name-2, address and phone number.

  This letter confirms our agreement for the

teaching of 3-round dances, an easy,

intermediate, and advanced level, at a

workshop on date     at time     and cue 30

minutes of pre-square rounds beginning at

time  plus 2-rounds between each square

dance tip for the Club name at location:

include address, city, state.

  The fee is $ amount.  (Include statement of

other expenses where appropriate.)

  Please sign and return 1-copy of this

letter to us.  Retain the original for your

records.

Agreed to by: Club representative, date.

              Round dance instructor, date.

 

-

         SAMPLE CONTRACT

 

  This contract between Names of instructors

and Club is for conducting a round dance

workshop to be held on date       from time

to time at address of dance hall, city and

state and to cue pre-rounds starting at time

plus 2-rounds between square dance tips.

  The teaching and cueing fee shall be $   

   .  Travel & quarters expenses included.

  Instructor:   Name, signature, address &

phone number.

  Club: Name, signature, address & phone

number.

*

 

contrary.  Contra.

 

conversation/al.  a.  Studio term for semi-

  closed, half-open or V positions.  Term

  varies with studios.  b. Social/American

  fox trot pattern.  Semi-closed position:

  Forward-L, - , forward-R ¬R-turn to closed

  position, - ; Side-L, close-R,.  OR  Closed

  position: Side-L ¬turn to semi-closed, - ,

  thru-R ¬turn face partner, - ; Side-L,

  close-R,.

 

conversation vuelta.  Semi-closed turn.

 

conversation walk.  4-step 6-beat 1«-measure

  social fox-trot pattern.  Semi-closed

  dance-line: Forward-L, - , forward-R ¬R-

  turn (L-turn) closed position wall, - ;

  side-L, close-R,. Time: Slow, - , slow, -

  ; quick, quick,.

 

 

conversa.  Samba.  Rock forward-L, recover-

  R/forward-L, rock forward-R, recover-

  L/forward-R;. Or rock 3 and 3;.

 

copa. Abbreviation of copacabana.  a. Glass,

  stemmed glass, goblet, wine glass, drink,

  tree top or crown.  b. Samba action:

  imitate drinking from a glass with elbow

  resting on a bar.  Circle formed with

  thumb & forefinger of R-hand (L-hand)

  imitates a wine glass rim.  Horizontal

  forearm of other arm represents the bar.

  Touch drinking arm elbow to fingertips of

  horizontal arm.  c.  Samba forward: Rock

  forward, recover-back ball/forward, rock

  forward, recover-back ball/forward;.

 

copacabana.  1-measure 6-step samba pattern.

  Semi-closed: Forward-L, back-R ball/

  recover-L, forward-R, back-L ball/recover-

  R;. b. Samba/Latin away & together pattern.

 

coquette.  4-measure polka pattern, the

  Polka Militaire. Open position dance-line:

  Point-L forward, - , point-L back, - ;

  Forward-L, close-R, forward-L, - ; Point-R

  forward, - , point-R back, - ; Forward-R,

  close-L, forward-R, - ;.

 

corkscrew.  See wing.

 

 

cornbread. Position. Face partner, (girl

  stay put) man step side-L to diagonal

  offset open position facing opposite

  directions.  Join R-arms in R-forearm

  grips.  See biscuits.

 

corrupt patterns.  Slurred pattern of

  improper steps, actions &/or positions.

  A result of ignorance, misunderstanding

  or carelessness.  Teach, learn and dance

  steps & patterns properly.  Dancers may

  dance as they wish, if it doesn't

  interfere with others.  Determining if a

  student knows & ignores proper footwork &

  positioning or lacks understanding = a

  teacher's problem.  Some students dance

  their way regardless of how a pattern is

  taught.  Base need for a re-teach on

  dancers performance and interest.

    Examples of patterns vs corruptions:

  1. Cross, side, cross, - ; vs Forward, close, forward, - ;.

  2. Side, behind, side, behind;  vs Forward, lock, forward, lock;.

  3. Breakaway; vs Scissors thru;.

  4. Side  chasse; vs Tandem chasse;.

  5. 2-turning two-steps;; vs Wheel-6;;. 

  6. Face partner on diagonal vs Face partner & wall.

  7. Butterfly position vs Praying Mantis.

  8. Ball vs Toe steps.

 

corta jaca/joca/joco. a. carta = card, jaca

  = joker card.  Also monkey cut.  b. 1-

  measure 4-step side rumba pattern. Face

  girl lead hands joined: Side-L heel þL-

  twist to V position, pull & close-R ¬R-

  twist to reverse V position, side-L heel

  ¬L-twist to V position, pull & close-R

  ¬R-twist to reverse V position;.

 

corte. Latin term = dip. Style to rhythm &

  tempo. Exaggerate slow tempo tango corte

  more than a fast tempo rumba.

 

 

corte hover.  a.  3-step 1-measure pattern.

  Closed position face wall, end reverse

  semi-closed reverse: Forward-L, side-R ball

  L-extended in place, recover-L to reverse

  semi-closed face reverse R-point reverse;.

  b.  End Side hover in reverse semi-closed

  corte.

 

corte side.  Side corte.

 

cotillion.  French: petticoat.  A peasant

  girl's petticoat, seen on turns & twirls.

  Lively 19th century 4-couple mixer contra

  danse.

 

count (ct). a. Beat of music. b. Count steps

  of a dance figure or measure.  c. Correlate

  steps and beats to numbers.

 

counterbalance.  Weight or force to keep an

  unbalanced object from falling.  Weight or

  force (pull, push, hang-on, etc.,) exerted

  by a dancer on another to establish or

  maintain mutual balance.  Avoid using

  partner as a crutch or counter-balance.

  Maintain individual balance.  Test for

  independent balance: Freeze on a step and

  release partner, each dancer should be

  balanced without re-adjusting posture.

 

counter-clockwise (ccw).  a. Direction of

  rotation opposite to clockwise (cw). b. L-

  turn.  c. Dance-line is ccw.  Dance-line.

  is a common direction.  Square dancers

  promenade and are numbered ccw.  Ballroom

  dancers by tradition, move ccw around the

  floor.  Early drawings show dancers moving

  ccw.  Customary direction of rotation

  around a Maypole or campfire.

    Ccw predominates other activities

  including: Ice & roller skating; Parades on

  fields and in large enclosures, military,

  circus & rodeo parades; Races on oval

  tracks: horse, dog, auto, motorcycle,

  track, bicycle, ice skating, roller derby,

  boat; merry-go-rounds; group acts,

  including people, clowns, animals and

  performers on animals; Baseball base

  numbers; Indian raid circling wagon train

  in movies; sine and cosine vectors; earth's

  rotation as viewed from the north pole.

    Ccw events travel from L- to R- as viewed

  from outside the circle.  L- to R-motion is

  used to read & write.  L- to R- writing is

  convenient for R-handed people. It permits

  view of emerging written words.  L-handed

  people curl the L-hand over and around the

  writing line to expose emerging words.

  Does the ccw rotation custom stem from the

  L-R read/write scan [R-hand influence]?

    What is the origin of ccw rotation of

  things?  Did it begin with a dance around

  a campfire or religious symbol.  Facts,

  theory & legend on the origin & reason for

  ccw rotation deserve historic recognition.

 

counterpart.  Steps or patterns related to

  partner's part.  Counterpart = girl's

  part related to man's.  On cue sheets her

  part is displayed in parenthesis (). b.

  Opposite footwork.

 

 

country/country-western dancing.  Free

  style couple dancing to country/western

  music.  Country/Western dance and music

  rhythms are classified the same as all

  other types, including: social fox trot;

  two-step; rumba; polka; waltz, swing, etc..

  Pattern variety is usually limited to a few

  basics.  The predominate rhythm is social

  fox trot: Slow, - , slow, - ; quick,

  quick,.  Couples may use unconventional

  positions & posture, wear western clothes,

  cowboy boots & prefer country-western music.

  (see WESTERN DANCING).

 

coup de pique.  Cou de pique.  Cou = neck,

  pique = spade.  a. Paso doble term = cut

  or prod used to enrage bull.  b. A cross

  point followed by swivel fallaway action.

  Semi-closed on-L: Cross point-R in front

  of L, close-R face partner, whisk-L hook-

  L behind to semi-closed, close-R;.

 

coup de talon. Pas Polonaise. Mazurka dance

  pattern: Click-L heel to R-heel, side-L,

  close-R;.

 

couple (cpl).  Pair.  Dance partners.

 

couple dance. Dance in concert by man &

  girl. All rhythms: free-style; round;

  circle; exhibition; choreographed; inter-

  national ballroom; ballroom; country;

  country-western; western; etc..

 

couple pivot.  1-measure « or more R-turn.

  Pivot as a couple.  See pivot.

 

courant/e.  Lively old French waltz with

  glide and run steps.  Courant music.

 

cowboy bar/break.  Extra measure/s or part-

  measure/s added between 2-parts of a

  musical arrangement.

 

cp.  Closed position.

 

cpl.  Couple.

 

crab walk.  Facing position 6-step 2-measure

  side rumba pattern.  Butterfly face wall,

  turn heads & look to dance-line: Side-L,

  thru-R, side-L, - ; Thru-R, side-L, thru-

  R, -;. Or start on-L: Thru-R, side-L,

  thru-R, - ; Side-L, thru-R, side-L, - ;.

 

crackerjack.  4-measure figure.  Closed

  position wall [closed position R-foot

  points are forward between partner's feet]:

  Measure-1: Point-L (point-R) both look

  reverse, - , close-L, -; 2. Point-R (point-

  L), - , close-R, - ; 3. Point-L, close-L,

  point-R, close-R to semi-closed dance-line;

  4. Point-L, touch-L, hop forward-R, hop

  forward-R;.

 

cripple.  Term coined by no-cue advocates to

  describe round dancers who use cues as

  crutches to avoid memorizing dances.

 

courtesy.  Excellent manners, behavior or

  politeness. Considerate.  Escort partner to

  & from the floor, never leave partner on

  floor.  Maintain good humor, sympathy and

  understanding without undue criticism.

 

creciente.  Rise, elevate, increase, rise to

  a peak.

 

criss cross. Cha-cha term. Side-L, behind-R,

  in place-L/R, L; Side-R, behind-L, in

  place-R/L, R;.  b. Vine-2, cha;.

 

cross (X).  a.  Cross free foot in front (or

  behind) weighted foot.  Cross = step in

  front unless modified by a word such as:

  cross-point, or cross-behind. Cross is not

  change sides.  b. Designates side to pass

  on, to change sides.  Change sides in back

  = Man pass behind girl face her back in

  passing (girl pass in front of man unless

  told otherwise). Back pass = Man pass in

  front turn back on girl (face man's back on

  pass).

 

cross balance.  Waltz pas de basque: Side,

  behind, recover; Side, behind, recover;.

 

cross behind. Step in back of weighted foot.

 

cross break.  New Yorker rumba pattern.  6-

  step 2-measure pattern.  Butterfly: Rock

  thru-L, recover-R, close-L, - ; Rock thru-

  R, recover-L, close-R, - ;.

 

cross foot run.  Twist vine with high cross

  steps, create illusion of jumping over the

  weighted foot.

 

cross hesitation (X hes). 1-measure þL-turn

  (girl þturn) from semi-closed to banjo.

  Semi-closed diagonal dance-line center on-

  L: Forward-R (Forward-L «L-turn pickup) to

  closed position diagonal dance-line center,

  forward-L ¬L-turn face diagonal reverse-

  center (back-R ¬L-turn face diagonal dance-

  line wall), touch-L (touch-R) þL-turn banjo

  reverse;.

 

cross hover (X hov). 3-step 1-measure change

  from sidecar to banjo or vice versa.

  Similar to twinkle except step-3 is a

  recover not a close.  Sidecar position

  diagonal dance-line-wall: Forward-L (back-

  R) ¬L-turn to banjo diagonal dance-line

  center, side-R on ball, recover-L; Forward-

  R ¬R-turn to sidecar diagonal dance-line

  wall, side-L ball, recover-R;.

 

cross in back (XIB).  Step behind weighted

  foot.  Cross-L in back (XLIB) = cross-L

  behind weighted-R.  Cross-R in back (XRIB)

  = cross-R behind weighted-L.

 

cross in front (XIF).  Step in front of

  weighted foot. Cross-L in front (XLIF) =

  cross-L in front of weighted-R.  Cross-R in

  front (XRIF) = cross-R in front of

  weighted-L.

 

cross line (X line).  Modified «open

  position.  Inside feet his-R (her-L)

  weighted, knees flexed.  Extend outside

  arms his-L (her-R) to side and diagonally

  up from shoulders.  Point free foot side.

  Extended arms & legs form cross bars of the

  letter "X" as viewed from front or rear.

  The X is the cross.  b.  Pattern that moves

  from semi-closed to cross line position and

  back to semi-closed or other position.

 

cross point.  Cross free foot in front of

  weighted foot to point.

 

cross pivot. 3-step 1-measure þR-turn (girl

  ¬R-turn) from semi-closed to sidecar.

  Semi-closed diagonal dance-line wall on-L:

  Forward-R ¬R-turn maneuver to closed

  position diagonal reverse-wall (forward-L),

  back-L ¬R-turn (forward-R ¬R-turn) closed

  position diagonal reverse-center, side-R

  ¬R-turn (side-L) to sidecar position

  diagonal dance-line center;.

 

cross vine.  Twist vine.

 

cross walk.  Swivel walk, twist body on each

  step.  Forward-L on L-ball in front of R

  þR-turn, - , forward-R on R-ball in front

  of L ¬L-turn, - ;. For 2- or more measures

  use ¬turn on forward steps.  Step toward

  dance-line in front of weighted foot.

  Avoid cross steps beyond weighted foot.

 

crossover cha. a. 10-step 2-measure cha-cha

  pattern.  Butterfly: Thru rock-L to L-open

  position, recover-R to butterfly, side-

  L/close-R, side-L; Thru rock-R to open

  position, recover-L to butterfly, side-R/

  close-L, side-R;.  A 6-step 2-measure mambo

  or rumba pattern.  Butterfly: Rock thru-L,

  recover-R, side-L, - ;  Rock thru-R,

  recover-L, side-R, - ;.  c.  Change sides

  with partner.

 

crossover polka. 4-measure Vars' position

  figure.  Identical footwork both on-R: 1.

  Point forward-L, - , touch-L, - ; 2. In

  place-L, R, L (L-roll across in front of

  man under L-to-L hand arch L, R, L) L-

  Vars', - ; 3. Point-R, - , touch-R, - ; 4.

  In place-R, L, R, (R-roll across in front

  of man under R-to-R hand arch R, L, R) to

  Vars', -;.  Girl turn face man on step-1,

  then complete twirl (curl) to target

  position on steps-2 and -3.

 

cruz/cruzado.  Cross/crossed.

 

crv.  Curve, curved.

 

ct.  Count.

 

cuadro. 8-step 2-measure merengue box. Side,

  close, forward, side; Close, back, side,

  close;.

 

Cuban breaks (cub brk).  6-step 1-measure

  cha-cha pattern.  Facing position: Rock

  thru-L/recover-R, side-L, rock thru-R/

  recover-L, side-R;.

 

Cuban walk.  3-step 1-measure rumba pattern.

  Time: Quick, - , quick, quick;.  Open

  position dance-line: Rock forward-L, hold,

  forward-R L-swivel, forward-L R-swivel;.

  Keep head high and steady.  Swivel hips and

  knees, ball step in front of weighted foot.

 

cucaracha. Cockroach or roach. a. Side rock

  step, as if squashing a cockroach.  b.  6-

  step 2-measure rumba pattern.  Rock side-L,

  recover-R, close-L, - ; Rock side-R,

  recover-L, close-R, - ;.

 

cuddle.  Couple hug.  Wrap position.

 

cueca.  Pronounced: KWAY-kah.  Gaucho style.

  Chile national folk dance.  Dancers wear

  huaso [cowboy], wave white handkerchiefs &

  circle each nother, imitate mating of

  chickens.  Nineteenth century import to

  Chile from southern Spain via Peru.  Man

  wears: boots; huge silver spurs; fringe-

  draped knee-high black leather leggings;

  black pants; wide cowhide belt; a striped

  poncho; flat-top wide brimmed hat.  Girls

  wears: high heels; bright billowy dress

  shashed at waist; flower in hair.  Dancers

  pause midway & drink red wine from a cow

  horn, as onlookers clap, stomp & shout

  encouragement.  Named Chile national dance

  by decree in 1979.

 

cue/s. Announce patterns to inform dancers

  of next figure.  Cues do not describe

  actions in detail. Five types of cues are

  common: Step; Measure or pattern; Phrase;

  Spot; & Sight. Cues teach beginners terms

  correlated to actions.

 

    Step cue: used to teach basics and for

  patterns not readily identified by standard

  terms.  Step cues announce each step, such

  as Box: Side, close, forward, - ; and Side,

  close, back, - ;.

 

   Measure cue: Cue by pattern name ie. box

  or scissors.

 

    Phrase cue: Cue by 4-measure figure, may

  combine 2-double-measure patterns.  Phrase

  cues let dancers blend smoother from 1-

  measure to the next.

 

   Spot cue: Cue when dancers know most of a

  dance, but need reminders on gimmicks,

  unique or unusual figures or sequence.

 

    Sight cue: Watch & copy other dancers for

  reminders.

 

 

    Pro and con arguments exist on use of

  cues. Each faction is free to dance with or

  without cues, & without undue interference

  or ridicule.  Arguments based on ridicule,

  to demean or embarrass others are in poor

  taste & display lack of manners.  Decisions

  on use of cues rests with each club. Large

  festival sponsors should decide if rounds

  are to be cued or not, and include that

  information in ads.

 

 

    Dancing without cues is pleasant & a nice

  goal for serious dancers.  Use caution on

  converting a club from cues to no-cues,

  consider individuals and the group.  Group

  ambition and desire control discontinuing

  cues.  Proficiency & ability of the group,

  plus initiative and response influence the

  outcome.  Wanting to dance without cues is

  not the same as study and practice between

  club meetings to learn dances.  Sincere

  desires to dance without cues do not exist

  if a club majority can not perform a dance

  without cues three months after a teach.

    Cues aren't needed if all dancers know a

  routine.  More dancers would learn without

  cues if there are fewer dances.  Many are

  unwilling to memorize the number of new

  dances taught.  Attendance problems and new

  club members complicate teaching, learning

  and keeping a club dancing as a group.

  This generation did not originate cues.

  Many old records have music on 1-side and

  music with cues on the flip side.

    Cue dependent dancers are uneasy without

  cues and won't try to dance without cues.

  Some dependent dancers can follow cues of

  only one or a few teachers.  Dancers who

  read and refer to cue sheets have little

  trouble learning dances without cues.  Many

  who resist learning to read cue sheets have

  tried, failed and gave up in frustration,

  never to try again.  Read a cue sheet for

  a known dance, it's easy and helps in

  learning to read cue sheets.

    Dancers influence the decision on cues.

  Tell teacher if cues are wanted or not.

  Don't expect instant change.  Desires and

  abilities of all club members must be

  considered.  List dances in the order of

  priority of learning.  Don't try to learn

  a large number of dances at once. Start

  with 2 or 3.  Priority may be so low on

  some that they are never learned without

  cues.  Pick dances that will remain popular

  for a long time.  Learn several classics

  without cues, and current hits that are

  played at square dance clubs without cues.

 

    Cues, Pros.  More dances are available to

  more dancers; Permit teaching more dances;

  Increase variety of rhythms danced; Good

  teaching aid; Speed teaching, leave more

  dance time; Permit dancing without teach on

  easy dances; Provide quick teach of new

  dance; Quick re-dance of oldies; Help

  bridge attendance gaps; More couples dance

  cued dances; Cues required by many;

  Memorizing dances is not required; Memory

  recall not taxed; higher participation;

  Cued clubs are usually larger; fewer

  dropouts from getting behind or setting out

  dances; Helps some concentrate on footwork

  & styling; More time dancing than learning;

  Reduce dancer errors; Aid harmony between

  partners; Dancers progress at a faster

  initial rate; Dancers concentrate on

  memorizing favorites; Less time devoted to

  each round of the month (ROM): If ROM lasts

  a long time dancers learn by repetition;

  Beginners more at ease; Needed at large

  functions attended by cued dancers; Ease

  floor fright, tenseness and nerves; May be

  required by experienced dancers on odd

  introductions and sequences; provide

  exposure and experience for teachers;

  teachers maintain and improve cues; Make

  workshop teaches easier; Help dancers who

  need it; Lets visitors dance; Helps dancers

  learn terms; Reduces sight cue use.

 

    Cues, Cons:  Interfere with musical mood;

  Restrict full response to, feeling for and

  expression of musical motivation; Cues

  annoy some who know the dance; Distract

  attention from music; Hinder performance if

  not needed; Remembering becomes second

  nature; Cues make dancers dependent;

  Detract from individual accomplishment;

  Speed up teaches beyond dancer ability to

  absorb routine or sequence; Cues are not

  the optimum way to dance; All dancers don't

  have to be on the floor every dance; poorly

  timed cues are worse than no cues;

 

    Without Cues:  Dance without cues.  To

  learn a dance without cues, first select a

  dance.  Concentrate on the dance.  Consider

  dances played without cues at places you

  dance. It takes less than 10-minutes a week

  to learn a dance without cues. Buy the

  record.  Read and walk thru the cue sheet.

  Walk & dance thru without the cue sheet to

  identify spots where memory problems exist.

  Review problem areas and try again.  Repeat

  problem area review and re-try the dance to

  overcome problems.  Music aids memory

  recall. Timely recall after learning a

  dance is important.  Concentrate on what

  comes next while each on-going measure is

  danced. It takes a little time each day or

  week.  Write the cue sheet on a cue card.

  Reading a cue card takes less than half

  minute.  A familiar dance can be walked in

  less than 2-minutes.  Dancing a round takes

  less than 3-minutes.  A 15 minute session

  permits dancing a dance 5-times.  Dancers

  who dance without cues usually walk the

  dance during the first break, and when they

  get home.  They read cue sheets, practice

  and attend functions where they dance

  rounds they know.  Clubs that dance without

  cues spend a large amount of time on the

  teach and re-teach.  This provides more

  time to memorize a dance during the teach.

    1. Walk thru dances on the first break,

  re-walk at home.  2. Make a cue card.  3.

  Walk the dance between dance nights.  4.

  Buy a record, dance alone & with partner.

    Cues will stop if an entire club wants to

  dance without cues.  When only part of a

  club is interested, it increases dropouts,

  sit-outs, and splits the club.  It may be

  better to organize a no-cue club than try

  to change a cued club.

 

cue sheet (Q-sheet). Written round dance

  instruction.  Panels, associations,

  publications and record companies

  contributed to standardized cue sheet

  format and content.

    Q-sheets describe the man's part.  The

  girl's part (counterpart) is not usually

  described.  Counterpart is interpreted from

  the man's weighted foot & facing direction,

  footwork (opposite or identical), starting

  position, pattern description and ending

  position.  Description of her part may be

  included where it differs from counterpart.

  This agrees with the practice of cue to the

  man & girl dance the counterpart.  Cues are

  less complicated when directed to one

  dancer.

Cue sheets

Writing cue sheets for the man

is traditional.  Early dance instructors

  [Dancemasters] were men.  Dancemasters

  wrote most early dance books.  They knew,

  danced, taught and described the man's part

  with better familarity.

    Few round dances achieve a significant

  degree of popularity. Life for most popular

  dances is relatively short.  A minority of

  dancers read & analyze classic and popular

  dance Q-sheets.  Q-sheets directed to the

  woman would reduce a dance's chance for

  sucess.  The demand for non-standard Q-

  sheets written for the woman's part is

  small.  There is small incentive for

  choreographers to write dances that deviate

  from accepted standards.

 

cuidado.  a. Spanish = Care, careful, to be

  anxious or worried.  b.  A 4-or-more step

  sashay pattern with up-down styling: Side-L

  straight L-leg, close-R bend knees, side-L

  straight leg, close-R bend knees;.

 

curl. a. Change places (girl reverse twirl).

  Facing position wall on-L L-hand joined to

  her R-hand: Forward-L on dance-line side of

  her to outside of circle bring arched

  joined hands thru, forward-R 1/4 R-turn (girl

  forward-L to inside of circle 1/4 L-turn) both

  face reverse, side-L 1/4 R-turn (side-R 1/4 L-

  turn) face partner, close-R facing position

  center, - ;.  b. A reverse twirl (girl L-

  twirl) with change of facing direction.

  Closed position man face dance-line on-L:

  Side-R 1/4 R-turn face wall (Girl reverse

  twirl Side-L 1/4 L-turn face wall), close-L

  (side-R 1/4 L-turn face dance-line), in place-

  R (close-L 1/4 R-turn face man & center) end

  closed position wall, - ;.  Style: keep R-

  arm loosely curved around her (reverse

  twirl inside his curved R-arm.

 

curtsy.  Girl's archaic salutation.  Place-R

  behind L, spread skirt to sides, lower R-

  knee to floor, bent L-knee erect, bow head.

  See `bow and curtsy'.

 

curtsy turn.  Skater position «L-turn.  L-

  turn in place («L-circle).

 

curve (crv).  Less than ¬-turn.

 

curving 3-step.  Fox trot arc of 3-curved

  forward steps, without a close step.

 

cut.  Back step crossed in front of weighted

  foot.  Cross foot in front of weighted foot

  and step back on ball.  Back lock step.

  Close step on outside of weighted foot.

 

cut, back.  Cut step followed by a back

  step.  The back step follows the cut step

  and unlocks the legs.

 

cut four.  4-step 1-measure: Cut, back, cut,

  back;.

 

cut twist. 4-step cut & back steps with body

  swivel. Semi-closed dance-line: Cut-L þR-

  turn (cut-R þL-turn) face diagonal partner

  & dance-line, back-R þL-turn (back-L þR-

  turn) semi-closed, cut-L þR-turn (cut-R þL-

  turn) face diagonal partner, back-R þL-turn

  (back-L þR-turn) semi-closed position;.

 

cw.  Clockwise.  Direction of clock hand

  rotation.

 

 

Vs 2.0  revised 030316