| Eras and Ages | Erikson | Piaget | Kohlberg |
| Infancy (0-1 1/2) | Trust/Mistrust (Hope) | Sensorimotor |
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| Early Childhood (2-6) | Autonomy/ Shame (Will) | Preoperational or Intuitive |
-- |
| Initiative vs. Guilt (Purpose) | Preconventional Level 1. Heteronomous Morality |
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| Childhood (7-12) | Industry/Inferiority (Competence) | Concrete Operational | 2. Instrumental Exchange |
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Conventional Level 3. Mutual Interpersonal Relations |
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| Adolescence (13-21) | Identity/Role Confusion (Fidelity) | Formal Operational | |
| Young Adulthood (21-35) | Intimacy/Isolation (Love) |
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4. Social System and Conscience |
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Postconventional Principled Level 5. Social Contract, Individual Rights |
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| Adulthood (35-60) | Generativity/Stagnation (Care) |
-- |
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| Maturity (60-) | Integrity/ Despair (Wisdom) |
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6. Universal Ethical Principles |