Crucible Steel

Please Note: Some of the earlier papers contain conclusions which, after additional research, have changed. After all, the point of research is to challenge previous assumptions. The information found on this Web site is based on the most recent research. When the information in a publication differs from the Web site, the information contained in the Web site should override previous conclusions. 

Feuerbach, A.M., Griffiths, D.R., and Merkel, J.F. (forthcoming). Crucible Steel Manufacturing at Merv. Metals and Mining Through the Ages. P. Craddock ed. British Museum: London.

Feuerbach, A., (forthcoming).  Was the Khorasani Horsemen’s Sword Made of Crucible Damascus steel? Military Archaeology: Weapons and Warfare in the Historical and Social Perspective  The State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russian Fed.

Feuerbach, A.M.  July/August 2002. The Glitter of the Sword: The Fabrication of Damascus Steel. Minerva.  

Griffiths, D. and Feuerbach, A. 2000. Early Islamic Manufacture of Crucible Steel at Merv, Turkmenistan. Archaeology International. 36-38.

Feuerbach, A.  2000.  Damascus steel and Crucible Steel in Central Asia. American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 82. 33-42 .

Griffiths, D. and Feuerbach, A. 1999. Thermal Processing in the Last Millennium. Materials World. Vol. 7 No. 8 472- 474.

Feuerbach, A., Merkel, J.F. and Griffiths D.R. 1998. An Examination of Crucible Steel in the Manufacture of Damascus Steel, Including Evidence from Merv, Turkmenistan. Metallurgica Antiqua In Honour of Hans-Gert Bachmann and Robert Maddin. Der Anschnitt, Deutsches Bergbau-museum Bochum, Beiheft 8, 37-45. 

Griffiths, D.R., Feuerbach, A.M., and Merkel, J.F. 1997. Early Crucible Steel Manufacturing at Merv. Oxbow Archaeological Monograph Series.

Feuerbach, A., Merkel, J., and Griffiths, D. 1997.  Co-Fusion Production of Crucible Steel, Archaeometallurgical Evidence From the Ninth - Early Tenth Century At the Site of Merv, Turkmenistan. In Material Issues in Art and Archaeology  105-110.

Feuerbach, A., Griffiths, D. and Merkel, J. 1997.  Archaeometallurgical remains from MGK 4. In Herrmann, G. et al. 1997. The International Merv Project. Preliminary Report on the Fifth Season. Iran 35

Feuerbach, A.M., Griffiths, D.R., 1996. Crucible Steel 900 years before Huntsman: The Damascus Process. Steel Times: The Journal of the European Steel Industry. 224:6 239

Merkel, J., Feuerbach, A., Griffiths, D. 1995. Crucible Steel Manufacturing in Merv, Turkmenistan. In Journal of the Institute for Archaeometallurgical Studies, IAMS.

Merkel, J., Feuerbach, A., Griffiths, D. 1995.  The Archaeometallurgical Remains From MGK Trench 4. In Herrmann, G. et.al. The International Merv Project. Preliminary Report on the Third Season. Iran 33: 44-45 

Merkel, J., Feuerbach, A., Griffiths, D. 1994. Analytical Investigation of Crucible Steel Production at Merv, Turkmenistan. Preliminary Results. In Herrmann, G. et al. .The International Merv Project. Preliminary Report on the Second Season. Iran 32:70-71.