A. How Usenet works
B. Netiquette in binaries newsgroups.
C. Spams and Scams
D. The myth of anonymity
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overview.
A. How Usenet Works
Usenet is the correct name for what many of us call the "newsgroups."
Each part of the Internet was designed to carry certain types of data;
that is, they use different "transfer protocols." For instance:
- The Worldwide Web is HTTP, short for HyperText
Transfer Protocol. (Hypertext refers to the links you see in
web pages and help files.) Web pages can contain text, videos,
music, Java scripts - just about anything.
- FTP is File Transfer Protocol. Any type of file can
be accepted by FTP servers.
- E-mail servers use SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol, limited to ASCII text. But you CAN e-mail binary
attachments... Email is sent to the destination server
(appearing only briefly on intermediate servers) and then is
stored there until it's delivered.
- Usenet articles are sent from one news server to another much
like e-mail, via NNTP, or Network News Transfer
Protocol. The articles I post to my server are forwarded to
my server's "mailing list" of other news servers, which then
send the articles to their list of servers, and so on.
Usenet articles ripple out from the originating site, taking
varying amounts of time and various routes to travel to get
to you on your news server.
- Usenet articles can be cross-posted - a single article can be
sent to multiple newsgroups at one time. The advantage is
that each articles will be stores once on each news server,
no matter how many newsgroups it's posted to. The
disadvantage is that excessive crossposting is used by
spammers to deliver their spam to as many viewers as possible,
and so excessive cross-posting is discouraged.
See further under netiquette.
A COPY OF EACH ARTICLES IS STORED ON EACH SERVER!
Since pictures in articles tend to be large, the owners of the
servers tend to put tight restrictions on pictures and picture
newsgroups; individual articles are typically saved for a
MUCH shorter time than articles on other newsgroups.
A limit may also be set on the MAXIMUM amount of
storage assigned to a newsgroup; excessive posting
(a "flood") may cause other articles to be "flushed" from the
server in order to make room available within these limits.
These are all policies of the individual ISP
(Internet Service Providers) who own the servers.
If a particular ISP is having some sort of problem (a common problem
is not having enough storage to accept a message), that message is lost
from that ISP; since that ISP has no message to forward, the message
also will not appear at any of the ISPs "downstream" of the "loser", unless
they also have alternate feeds which can provide the missing message.
Since posted articles are treated much like e-mail, Usenet was never meant to
handle binary material (such as pictures); just ASCII text. To work around
this, early Net gods devised ways of converting (encoding) binaries into
text for posting to "bulletin boards" (BBS, the ancestors of Usenet), and
then back to their original binary form (decoding) after downloading. Many
encoding schemes (e.g., Mime's base64, yEnc) are available,
but UUencode/ UUdecode is the accepted
Usenet standard. A good newsreader can detect binaries and perform all of
the encoding/decoding automatically for you.
B. Netiquette in binaries newsgroups.
See here also...
Recurring themes across all binaries newsgroups:
- LOOK FOR A FAQ before you post anything, even comments.
- LURK AND LEECH for at least a few weeks before posting
anything, including questions. Find out what's welcome or
taboo first. Observing for a while will also help you avoid
the mistake of duplicating very recent or worn-out posts by
rushing to contribute without knowing the group's history.
- Learn how to use YOUR computer, YOUR chosen software
and basic Internet tools like search engines and shareware
sites. While others are willing to help out, don't expect to be
spoon-fed. Even if you're not a newbie, you can get up to
speed on any area of the Net that is new ground to you with
this free resource.
- Read your Internet Service Provider's and/or news server's FAQ's.
- DON'T SHOUT unless you mean it. In posts and e-mail,
THIS IS SHOUTING. Turn off that caps lock. It is considered
rude and bad newsgroup netiquette. If you over-use your
caps-lock, you will most likely be filtered by others in the group.
- CONSERVE BANDWIDTH, loosely defined as the amount
of information that can flow through a channel. All Usenet
resources are limited. The ever-increasing demands on news
servers have led to tons of lost posts - which causes shorter
retention times. Wasting bandwidth is the Usenet equivalent
of littering - it hurts the whole community, especially in terms
of allocating resources. It causes the pictures you want to
stay on your news server for a shorter length of time.
Bandwidth wasters are:
- Posting large multimedia files (avi, mpg, mp3) to a picture
newsgroup.
- Reposting files that are still on the servers because
they were just posted.
- Posting images or software that is available via the Web or FTP.
- Posting off-topic posts, such as recipies.
- Posting questions when the answers are already right
in front of you.
- Multiple, simultaneous posts of the same request.
- Cross-posting. If you cross-post to more than four
groups at once, news server and/or ISP are likely to
dub you a spammer and cancel or block your posts.
Really, minimum cross-posting at all to these group are
recommended. Cross-posting could lead to complaints
to your ISP or news service. The list of groups is
also "harvested" by spammers to find new places
to inflict their activities, so avoid attracting the
spammers.
- Flame wars. Be aware that what you write will be seen
worldwide on thousands of servers by thousands of
people. Use e-mail whenever possible.
- Trolling, which leads to flame wars. These usually start
with an inflammatory or controversial remark intended
to lure responses and create arguments.
- HTML, VRML, XML, Java Script, Mouseover Event, and
other signature attachments. - Spamming (see below).
- Be polite. If you have a problem with a poster, reply in a
respectful manner. There is no need to be rude in ABPA*
and asking nicely is much more likely to get you what you
want.
- These are general rules. If a specific newsgroup has it's own
FAQ, that FAQ's requirements override these.
C. Spams and Scams
There are two types of Internet Spams:
- Unsolicited Commercial E-mail (AKA UCE)
- Usenet Spam -- which is defined loosely as excessively
cross-posted articles, excessively posted articles,
advertisements or "announcements" of for-profit pay sites,
hyperlinks or irrelevant material to a particular group.
Generally speaking, unsolicited messages posted to sell something
for profit - usually an adult pay site - and messages that have no value
to the group members - are spam. Folks who post a message with no
picture attachment, but a link to a Web site, are spammers.
Folks who post pictures plastered with the URL to their site
(billboards) are spammers. Folks who put their URL in their headers
are spammers. Folks who modify their e-mail address regularly to
defy our kill filters are spammers.
Billboard: A picture turned into a spam ad. Many spammers will
destroy a quality image by marking it with their URL.
This is nothing more than a billboard and wastes a huge amount
of bandwidth, storage, downloading, and deleting time. In most
cases these images were downloaded from the very same groups
from which they are reposted as billboard trash.
In regards to pictures w/ URL's on them, it's considered spam when
the URL's size or placement degrades the quality of the image.
If a small url is put on the picture by the copyright-holding web site,
this will not be considered spam. If the url is placed by a web site
onto someone else's copyrighted material, however, this will be
considered spam. Altering of someone else's pictures or scans
is not acceptable in these groups. (Including resizing, cropping, or
otherwise modifying someone else's posting.)
Usenet was never meant as a venue of free advertising.
No legitimate business utilizes spam to gain market recognition.
You will find that the best quality adult Web sites do NOT advertise
or "announce" in our newsgroup at all.
Spammers, as defined above, will not be tolerated in ABPA*.
Every attempt will be made by individuals working, for the good of
the group, to have spammers' messages removed from the servers
and the policies of their own ISP's enforced. Attempts at deceiving
our group members and disrupting the group will be met with attempts
to have your ISP take actions against you.
There is a new, easy way to fight spam. It is called
SpamCop.
All you have to do is copy and paste a spam message
(including full message header) into their window and press a button.
SpamCop will AUTOMATICALLY determine who to complain to and
draft a complaint, addressed to the spammer's ISP and from you.
It is too easy. We all need to be doing it. Spamcop's complaint-creating
and sending services are free. You just have to register a valid e-mail
address with them (Hotmail, etc, is OK). SpamCop offers other services
for a fee. Both Email and Usenet messages can be processed.
Dealing with "Kiddie-Porn"
Because a few fools insisted on posting child pornography to a few Usenet
news groups, ALL binary newsgroups have been removed from the
servers of a number of ISPs, and all alt.* groups have been removed
from others.
What can we do about such postings? In addition to filing a complaint with
the originating ISP, I find it useful to go to the
Missing & Exploited Children website, and file a complaint there as well.
(And they do have the capability of accepting reports about Usenet).
For more info on spam and spam-fighting, check out these newsgroups:
news.admin.net-abuse.misc
news.admin.net-abuse.usenet
news.admin.net-abuse.email
news.admin.net-abuse.sightings
D. The myth of anonymity
There is most-likely enough information in the headers of your posts for
the authorities to identify you, even if you use a fake name and email address.
To the wise guys: You'd be amazed at how cooperative your Internet Service
Provider can be about closing an account and sharing information with law
inforcement agencies. They'd rather lose your small fee than harbor a
criminal or troublemaker. In Usenet, behave like you're in a public place
and under scrutiny, because you are.
To the good guys: Since the "information superhighway" is public, you may
encounter the same type of population mix you'd meet on any busy
cosmopolitan thoroughfare, including con artists, thieves and psychopaths.
You'd be wise to keep your real identity out of Usenet. Use a free
Internet-based e-mail account. No need to make it easy for them.