Part I: Identify the following terms.  There will be 15 of these questions (2 points each for a total of 30 points).

1. This island group off of the west coast of Africa formed the geographical marker for the division of the world between Spain and Portugal. Cape Verde Islands
2. This large island in the Caribbean was one of the first landing points for Columbus in the Western Hemisphere. Hispañola
3. This 1494 document between nations divided the “non-Christian” world between the two leading fifteenth-century world powers of Spain and Portugal. Treaty of Tordesillas
4. This crossbowman and veteran of the Conquest of Mexico led the first European expedition of discovery to California. Juán Rodrigues Cabrillo
5. This Spanish explorer was one of only four men to survive a failed attempt to find fabled gold cities in North America.  His journey ranged from the southeast to the Southwest regions of the present-day United States. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
6. This Spanish explorer set out into the American southwest to find the “Seven Cities of Cibolá.  After finally arriving on the plains of Kansas, he returned to New Spain. Francisco Cornonado
7. This Italian explorer gave England its first claim on North America in 1497. John Cabot
8. This Elizabethan Sea Hawke raided Spanish ports in the Americas and named California Nova Albion, meaning, “New England.” Francis Drake
9. This daughter of England’s King Henry VIII led her country into dominance as a world power. Elizabeth I
10. Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, this Virginia settlement failed three times before finally being abandoned. Roanoke
11. Matoaka, a Native American girl from Virginia, married an Englishman and went to England, where she was known as “Rebecca.” Pocahontas
12. These laborers made contracts with colonial landholders to work for a period of years in exchange for their passage to America. indentured servants
13. The Puritan Separatist settlers who formed the Plymouth Company originated in this town in central England. Scrooby
14. This word was derived from the Classical Greek language, and means “against the law.”  It was a term applied to all non-Puritan Christian sects in 17th-century New England. Antinomian
15. This series of events pitted the English Parliament against the authority of the crown, allowing the American colonies to develop independently. English Civil War(s)
16. This royal governor was appointed by England’s King James II to oversee events in Massachusetts.  He revoked the colony’s charter in 1684. Edmund Andros
17. Named for the hometown of the Puritan leader John Cotton, this settlement was built on the Shawmut Peninsula. Shamut
18. A Puritan New England wife of good standing was known by this term. Goody
19. Mistress Anne Hopkins, the wife of the Connecticut governor was deemed to have gone “mad” because she actively read and wrote, which were pursuits not compliant with Puritan notions of “proper” women’s activities.
20. These shaming sermons delivered from late 17th-century Puritan pulpits glorified the founding generation in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and condemned the behaviors and events exhibited by their changing society. jeremiads
21. This grandson of Puritan leader John Cotton influenced the New England witch craze of the 1680s and 1690s. Cotton Mather
22. This Carib Indian slave of Salem Rev. Samuel Parris admitted she was a witch in early 1692, feeding into the hysteria there. Tituba
23. This Salem man refused to admit to being a witch and was pressed to death.  His defiant last words were, “more weight!” Giles Corey
24. This product of spoiled grain is the focus of the “acid trip” theory of why the Salem Witch hysteria occurred. ergot of rye
25. This term refers to the decay of Puritan society at the end of the 1600s. declension
26. This religious revivalist movement of the early eighteenth century sought to reverse secular social trends in Colonial North America. The Great Awakening
27. This type of evidence was used to determine the guilt or innocence of accused witches at Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. spectral
28. Not allowed in England until the eighteenth century, this action was part of the body of Puritan New England law and could be initiated by a woman’s father. divorce
29. Puritan superstitions were based in generalized Elizabethan cultural notions of the presence of spirits, portent, and witchcraft, known by this term. The Wonder
30. This system of mercantilist exchange and commerce between England and her colonies followed established patterns between the British Isles, Africa, the Caribbean, and the North American Atlantic seaboard. This pattern is known as the triangular trade. 
31. In order to circumvent high tariffs and trade restrictions, a great many colonial merchants participated in a form of illicit trade called smuggling. 
32. This Massachusetts native and patriot of moderate politics successfully defended British soldiers for their role in the Boston Massacre. He later became the second president of the United States. John Adams
33. This powerful advocate of the ideas of Montesquieu and other Enlightenment philosophers greatly influenced the creation of the Constitution of the United States. He also was a key figure in the earlier creation of the Articles of Confederation and later, in the writing of the Bill of Rights. He became the fourth president of the United States in 1809. James Madison
34. In writing the Declaration of Independence, this Virginia planter borrowed heavily from Rousseau, one of the leading thinkers of the French Enlightenment, borrowing one of his most famous lines; “all men are created equal.” Thomas Jefferson
35. This manner of spiritual intellectualism was central to the Enlightenment. It asserted that God is a natural god, or “the Great Clockmaker,” and that no religion has a monopoly on religious truth. deism
36. This English-born patriot was the most outspoken advocate of deism and the cause of American independence. He published many works, and his pamphlet The Crisis did much to rally Washington’s troops during the lowest point of the Revolution, at Valley Forge. Thomas Paine
37. Revolts against a tax on all public paper took place throughout the colonies, but none were as destructive as those at Boston, which are known as the Stamp Act Riots
38. This presiding judge of the superior court was also the lieutenant governor of the colony of Massachusetts. When he attempted to carry out the Stamp Act, his house was ransacked and all his court papers were destroyed in the ensuing riots during the summer of 1765. Thomas Hutchinson
39. The Port Bill, the Regulatory Act, the Administration of Justice Act, the Quartering Act, and the Quebec Act, all made up what group of unpopular laws in the British colonies? "Five Intolerable Acts" (1774) 
40. This structure not far from the Boston waterfront served as a warehouse and distribution center. Known as “the cradle of liberty” it was also a favorite meeting place for patriotic and political speeches. Faneuil Hall
41. These secret organizations were organized to encourage inter-colony communication and cooperation, for the purpose of opposing British mercantilist laws and taxes. Sons of Liberty
42. This Boston silversmith joined fellow-businessman Samuel Adams to lead a revolt against the tax on tea in the “Boston Tea Party.” One-and-one-half years later, he was one of many nightriders sent to alert the countryside about the invasion of British forces in Massachusetts. Paul Revere
43. He was the first African-American person to be killed in the events connected with the American Revolution. Crispus Attucks 
44. These groups included the “Sons of Liberty,” and worked to maintain communication between revolutionary elements throughout the colonies. committees of correspondence
45. This well-known Boston merchant headed the Massachusetts Committee of Safety and signed the Declaration of Independence. The night of April 18, 1776, Paul Revere alerted him and his cohort, John Adams at a nearby tavern. The two inebriated men fled on foot through woods and marshes, leaving behind a trunk full of the documents of the revolutionary movement. John Hancock
46. Reeling from their terrible losses after a mostly abortive venture at Lexington and Concord, British troops laid siege on patriot forces at this location on the north side of Charlestown, Massachusetts, just across the Charles River from Boston. Battle of Bunker Hill, (June 17, 1775)
47. This free African-American veteran of the Battle of Concord, Massachusetts, was an effective marksman at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He killed the British commander of the siege, Major Pitcairn, with a single shot to his head from a good distance. Salem Prince
48. This French aristocrat and follower of the Enlightenment brought invaluable assistance to the American cause during the Revolution. Returning to France after the war, he sought to achieve similar results in his own country, but instead nearly lost his life and suffered imprisonment. He returned to the United States in 1824, where he was received with tremendous fanfare. The French Chabrun family, his direct descendants, are honorary citizens of the United States today. marquis de Lafayette
49. This German aristocrat secured much needed support from his countrymen in the American war for independence. baron von Steuben 
50. Motivated by their deist and anti-British sentiments, these Vermont ruffians routed the Hessian forces of British General Burgoyne in his attempt to move south down the Hudson Valley to join British forces. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys 
51. This document laid out the first system of laws and established a limited, temporary government for the independent colonies during the revolutionary period. Articles of Confederation (1781) 
52. This 1789 document replaced the Articles of Confederation, firmly laying out the plan for the government of the United States of America. Constitution of the United States
53. Many women “rebels” participated in the American Revolution, writing patriotic tracts and organizing boycotts of British goods. Such women and their organizations were known as Daughters of Liberty. 
54. This Irish immigrant fought alongside her husband in many battles of the Revolutionary War. When he was killed in the November 1776 British attack on Fort Washington, she picked up where he left off, commanding his cannon until she herself was seriously wounded. She is buried at the U.S. military academy at West Point, New York. Margaret “Dirty Kate” Corbin
55. This woman disguised herself as a man and fought for more than a year as a regular in the Continental Army, until her gender was discovered when she was wounded in battle. After her death, her husband collected a “widow’s pension” for her service in the Revolutionary War. Deborah Sampson-Garnett
 

1. Mercantilism
2. The “Great Migration”
3. Rebecca Rawson (1656–92) and gender issues related to property, inheritance, and marriage in Puritan Massachusetts 
4. King Philip’s War (1675–1676) and issues of race during times of war

1. The account of Mary Jemison is considered by many historians to be important because, among many other things, it illuminates Iroquoian Indian life.  Recount the life of Mary Jemison and the historical context of her captivity among the Seneca Indians.  Approach this topic from any angle that you are most familiar with, relating to the story.  Suggested questions that you might address include, “How did her “Indian” life differ from her life as an English girl?”  Or, “Why didn’t Mary Jemison want to return to the English-American society of her birth?”; “Had English-American society changed, and how might she have changed?”  Cite specific examples from the book to support your essay topic.

2. James Seaver’s A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison recounts the story about a captive English girl and her immersion into Native American society.  Her account provides a unique window into the cultural life of her adoptive people, who form a society where women appear to have had greater autonomy and freedoms than among the European colonists. With that in mind, describe the specific roles of women in the culture of the Seneca Indians. Cite specific examples from the Seaver book, the textbook, and class discussions in your essay. 

3. Describe the Enlightenment and its influences on the American Revolution/ Independence Movement.  In what ways did the ideals of the Enlightenment challenge traditional European notions of authority, with regard to government, the church, economy, etc.?  How and why did Enlightenment philosophies justify revolution?