Selected Articles
about Jens Bjørneboe
Notes
Listed alphabetically by author.
For literature about individual works by Bjørneboe, see hypertext links in the Annotated list of Bjørneboe's works.
Most of the articles listed
have been published since Bjørneboe's death in 1976, except for articles in
languages other than Norwegian. For older material see the bibliography by Gulbransen and Kvadsheim.
(JG) after an annotation
indicates that I have used the note in Janet Garton's Jens
Bjørneboe: Prophet Without Honor, sometimes in modified form.
See also bibliography of Books and Dissertations
Aarnes, Sigurd Aa. 1986. "'The Problem of Evil': Nazism in Jens Bjørneboe's writing." Translated by John Weinstock. In The Nordic Mind: Current Trends in Scandinavian Literary Criticism, ed. by Frank Egholm Andersen and John Weinstock. Lanham MD: University Presses of America, 223-250. Translated from the original 1975 edition of the following article. Also online: Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, January 1999.
————. 1995. "'Det ondes problem'. Nazismen i Jens Bjørneboes dikting." In Nazismen og norsk litteratur. 2. utg., ed by Bjarte Birkeland et al. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 365-387. Analysis of Bjørneboe's depiction of Nazism and preoccupation with Germany, with particular reference to Ere the Cock Crows, Under a Harder Heaven, The Bird-Lovers, and Moment of Freedom. (JG)
Aase, Laile. 1977. "Semmelweis—politisk teater" (Semmelweis—political theater). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Pax, 116-130. Concludes that despite JB's claim that modern theater must be anti-illusionist and politically leftist, Semmelweis is neither.
Berg, Øyvind. 1986. "Lyset i steinene" (Light in the stones). Vinduet 40, no 2:26-28. On Moment of Freedom.
Bjerke, André. 1976. Introduction to Under en Mykere Himmel, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Gyldendal, 9-11.
————. 1977. Introduction to Lanterner, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Gyldendal, 7-9.
————. 1995 . Introduction to Samlede Dikt, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Gyldendal, 9-13.
Bjøndal, Jan. 1982. "Sannheten&151;døden&151;friheten. Sentrale motiver i Jens Bjørneboes Hertug Hans og Frihetens øyeblikk" (Truth, death, freedom: central motifs in JB's Duke Hans and Moment of Freedom). In I diktningens brennpunkt, ed. Rolf Nyboe Nettum. Oslo: Aschehoug, 131-149.
Bjørneboe, Bjørn. 1995. Afterword to Mitt Hjerte, by Jens Bjørneboe. (My heart: poems selected and with illustrations by Bjørn Bjørneboe) Oslo: Pax, 134-141. A mystical interpretation of Bjørneboe's poems by his nephew, an artist and theologian.
Bjørneboe, Tone Tveteraas. 1977. Introduction to Om Brecht, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Pax, 7-10.
————. 1978. Introduction to Om Teater, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Pax, 7-20.
————. 1979. Introduction to Bøker og Mennesker, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Gyldendal, 7-11.
————. 1981. Interview in Arken 4, no. 4:31-34. Bjørneboe's wife tells of their life together and of his battles with himself and others. (JG)
Bonsaksen, Gunnar. 1995. "Jens Bjørneboe og de norske skolebarn" (JB and the Norwegian schoolchildren). Ordet no. 2:16-19.
Brodersen, Karl. 1981. "Jens Bjørneboe og antroposofien." Arken, 4, no. 4:28-30. A clear outline of Bjørneboe's changing additudes toward anthroposophy. (JG)
Durova [Dourova], O.I. "Origins of Jens Bjørneboe's essays." Vetsnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Zhurnalistika (1999) No 1:109-115. (In Russian)
Engelstad, Carl Fredrik. 1983. "Jens Bjørneboes Trilogie" (JB's trilogy), Ausblick, Zeitschrift für Deutsch- Skandinavische Beziehungen ( Lübeck) 33, no. 1-2:6-8. The "History of Bestiality" trilogy.
Engelstad, Frederick. 1995. "Knowledge and society: Holberg, Ibsen and Bjørneboe." Translated by Ann Clay Zwick. The Norseman (Oslo),35, No. 4-5:17-25. The theme of society's resistance to new scientific knowledge in Ludvig Holberg's Erasmus Montanus, Henrik Ibsen's An Enemy of the People, and JB's Semmelweis. Translation of an article in De nasjonale forskningsetiske komiteers Skriftserie No 5 (1996), "Litteratur, forskning og etikk." Also online: Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, November 1998.
Evje, Atle. 1977. "Det er jo lyriker jeg egentlig er" (After all, I'm basically a poet). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 131-153. Examines the tension between metaphysics and social engagement in JB&34;s poetry.
————. 1996. "Kristiansanderen Jens Bjørneboe" (JB, native of Kristiansand). Sørlandsk magasin 12: 20-29.
————. 1999."After all, I'm basically a poet". Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, June. ca. 65 pars. Online. Translation of Evje 1977.
Fløgstad, Kjartan. 1977. "Med dekksplankar som jordskorpe : Jens Bjørneboes Haiene" (With deck planks as earth's crust: JB's The Sharks). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 81-86. First published in Syn og segn, 81 (1975):130-135. In New Norwegian.
Fosse, Jon. 1996. Foreword to Samlede Essays, by Jens Bjørneboe. Oslo: Pax. In Samlede Essays: Politikk, 5-8. In New Norwegian.
Garton, Janet. 1984. "‘A Vision of a Continual Battle'. Jens Bjørneboe and the Theatre." Scandinavica, 23: 137-160. Later published as chapter 7 in Jens Bjørneboe: Prophet Without Honor (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1985).
Gravier, Maurice. 1987. "Une étrange cour martiale" (A strange court-martial), Europe, 64: 96-105. Chiefly about The Bird-Lovers.
Gulliksen, Geir. 1990. "Jens Bjørneboes Uten en tråd—som triviallitteratur" (JB's Without a Stitch—as trivial literature). Eigenproduksjon 36:120-131.
Gulliksen, Øyvind T. 1976. "Bjørneboe og Amerika." Norsk Litteraer Årbok, 1976, ed. Leif Mæhle. (Oslo: Det norske samlaget, 157-169. Traces Bjørneboe's growing disillusionment with America and the corruption of the American ideal of freedom. Material drawn mainly from We Who loved America, Norway, my Norway, and the trilogy. Bjorneboe's affinities with Melville, Hemingway, Henry Miller. (JG) In New Norwegian.
————. 1998. "Tunnel of Love: American Influences on Norwegian Culture." In Images of America in Scandinavia, ed. by Poul Houe and Sven Håkon Rossel. Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft, 28. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, 101-127. Includes a discussion of Bjørneboe's attitude toward America (117-119).
————. 1999.Bjørneboe and America. Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, October. 54 pars. Online. Translation of Gulliksen 1976.
Gut, Taja. 1985. "Erinnern gegen die Zeit. Anmerkungen zu Hemingway und Bjørneboe." Kasper Hauser (Die Kulturzeitschrift "Individualität") 8 (1985): 63-72.
Haavardsholm, Espen. 1981. "Av jorden har vi gjort et slakterhus" (Of the earth we have made a slaughterhouse). In Forfatternes litteraturhistorie, ed. Kjell Heggelund, Simen Skjønsberg, and Helge Vold, v. 4. Oslo: Gyldendal. Reprinted under the title "Jens Bjørneboe" in the author's Essays i utvalg (Oslo: Forlaget Oktober, 1996), 15-32. Another novelist's evaluation of Bjørneboe's achievement. Concentrates mainly on the last novels. Bjørneboe's work combines impulses from diametrically opposed ideologies, but temperamentally he is closest to the Christiania-bohme from the 1880s. He never solved the dilemmas that haunt his last works.(JG)
Halvorsen, Sissel. 1977. "Sanfunnskritikk og metafysikk; Noen tanker om inholdet i Frihetens Øyeblikk, Kruttårnet og Stillheten" (Social criticism and metaphysics: some thoughts on the content in Moment of Freedom, Powderhouse and The Silence). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 34-49. Concludes that the metaphysical elements vitiate the social criticism.
Hansen, Harry. 1977. "Blod, dritt, vind og sterner: Om Jens Bjørneboe og anarkismen" (Blood, shit, wind and stars: On JB and anarchism). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 71-80.
Hansen, Jan E. 1996. "Jens Bjørneboe." In De døde (The dead). Oslo: Aschehoug, 21-27.
Hauge, Alfred. 1977. "'Navigare necesse est': Synspunkt på Jens Bjørneboes Haiene" ("It is necessary to navigate": a view of JB's The Sharks). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 87-97. First published in Syn og segn (1975): 136-145. In New Norwegian.
Hoberman, John M. 1976. "The Political Imagination of Jens Bjørneboe: A Study of Under en hårdere himmel" (Under a harsher sky). Scandinavian Studies, 48:52-70. Stresses the unresolved polarities and ambiguities in the novel, which induce a fundamental despair in the author. Bjørneboe's work lacks a confessional dimension; preoccupied with the evil in others, he evinces little personal sense of sin. (JG) Quotations from works and other Norwegian sources untranslated.
Hoel, Kristin. 1986. "Avvikeren og staten" (The deviant and the state). Vinduet 40, no 2:34-36. Discussion of JB's play Amputasjon.
Horgar, Fartein. 1996. Essayisten Jens Bjørneboe (The essayist JB). Universitetsavisa no. 18. 29 pars. Online. Review of Samlede Essays (Pax, 1996). Concludes that the thematic arrangement of the six volumes is appropriate.
Hovdenakk, Per. 1995. Foreword to Jens Bjørneboe: Bilder (JB: pictures), catalog of exhibition of Bjørneboe's paintings and drawings, 9 October - 19 November 1995. Oslo: Henie-Onstad Kunstsenter, 3-4.
Hovland, Thor Halvor. 1978. "Jens Bjørneboe: det onde ved mennesket og menneskets frihet" (JB: the evil and man and human freedom). Kirke og kultur, 83:365-376. The anthroposophical background to Bjørneboe's writing. Takes central themes in Bjørneboe's works—the link between evil and man's animal nature; between fear, death, and freedom; the sun —and draws parallels with Steiner's writings. Concludes that Bjørneboe failed to conquer evil because it fascinated him. (JG)
Imerslund, Knut. 1994. "Jens Bjørneboe og pedagogikken." Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift, 78, no 5: 305-314.
Johannessen, Oddbjørn. 1991. "Det autoritære og ‘svikerne'. En kortfattet studie i en bjørnboesk temakrets med utgangspunkt i skuespillet Semmelweis" (The authoritarian and "the traitors". A brief study of a Bjørneboe thematic cycle taking off from the play Semmelweis). Sørlandsk magasin 7:50-53. English translation
————. 1996. "Jens Bjørneboe og norsk teater" (JB and Norwegian theater). Sørlandsk magasin 12:17-19.
————. 1998. The authoritarian and "the traitors". Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, November: 38 pars. Online. Translation of Johannessen 1991.
————. 2003.Jens Bjørneboe and the Norwegian theater. In Bjørneboe, Jens. Amputation: Texts for an Extraordinary Spectacle. Riverside, CA:Xenos Books, 137-142.. Translation and revision of Johannessen 1996.Kaasen, Tine. 1979. "Flaskeskipet—og kritikerne" (The ship in the bottle—and the critics). Samtiden, 88, no.3:39-45. Takes issue with the universal critical acclaim awarded to The Sharks and argues that it is full of confusion and cliches. (JG)
*Kern, Gary. 2003. "Bjørneboe's great failure: The History of Bestiality". In Genre at the Crossroads: The Challenge of Fantasy, ed. George Slusser and Jean-Pierre Barricelli, 198-222. Riverside, CA: Xenos, 2003. The three parts of the trilogy are astonishing works of genius, "which by breaking rules and crossing over borders convey more passion and force of personality than whole schools of neat and proper writers"; all fail as novels because Bjørneboe dared to attempt the impossible. Excerpt
Kierulf, Halfdan. 1979. "Synet på sykdom i Jens Bjørneboes diktning" (The vision of sickness in JB's writing). In Foredrag fra VII. nordiske kongress for medisinsk historie, ed. Ø. Larsen. Oslo: Seksjon for medisinsk historie, Universitet i Oslo, 151-157. An analyisis of Bjørneboe's descriptions of sickness, which confirms his claim that our society makes us ill. Bjørneboe's descriptions of depression and alcoholism are medically correct in every detail. (JG)
————- 1980. "Jens Bjørneboe: sykdom som hudløs smerte, rik metafor og uløselig metafysisk problem" (JB: sickness as raw pain, rich metaphor and insoluble metaphysical problem). Gyldendals aktuelle magasin no.1-2:113-116.
————. 2000. The Vision of Sickness in Jens Bjørneboe's Writings. Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, Februrary: ca. 61 pars. Online. Translation of Kierulf 1979.
Kreuzer, Helmut. 1971. "Existentielle Prosa, spiritueller Anarchismus: zum Augenblick der Freiheit von Jens Bjørneboe" (Existential prose, spiritual anarchism: on Moment of Freedom by JB). In Probleme des Erzahlens in der Weltliteratur (Narrative problems in world literature): Festschrift für Kate Hamburger zum 75. Geburtstag, ed. Fritz Martini. Stuttgart: Klett, 348-364.
Kristiansen, Inge S. 1995."Mot de siste tider" (Toward the end times). Dagbladet (Oslo), 25 June 1995. Bjørneboe's view of armageddon and the millennium.
————-. 1998a. "The Anarchist." Translated by Esther Greenleaf Mürer. In Degrees of Freedom: Anarchist essays by and about Jens Bjørneboe (Philadelphia: Protocol Press, 12-20. Also online. Translation of chapter "Anarksten" in Inge S. Kristiansen, Jens Bjørneboe og Antroposofien (Jens Bjørneboe and Anthroposophy) (Oslo: Solum Forlag, 1989). Examines the relationship between the anthroposophical and the anarchist strands of Bjørneboe's thought.
————-. 1998b. Toward the end times Translated by Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Translation of Kristiansen 1995. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, December: 11 pars. Online.
Kura, Karin. 1989. "'Sozialer Individualismus'. Kleine Einführung in Jens Bjørneboes Sozialkritik" ("Social individualism": a brief introduction to Jens Bjørneboe's social criticism) Norrøna, Zeitschrift für Kultur, Geschicte und Politik der skandinavischen Länder (Lübeck), 5, No. 10:19-21.
Lem, Steinar. 1995. "Bøkene lever" (His books live). Aftenposten (Oslo), 10 July. Bjørneboe's continuing importance twenty years after his death.
————- 1998. Bjørneboe's books still live. Translation of the foregoing by Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, October: 10 pars. Online.
Longum, Leif. 1977. "Jens Bjørneboes Fugleelskerne—tidløshet og samtidsproblematikk" (JB's The Bird-Lovers—timelessness and contemporary problematic). In Drama-analyser fra Holberg til Moem, ed. Leif Longum. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 114-126. Bjørneboe's play as a political statement and as a theatrical achievement. (JG)
————. 1983. "In the Shadow of Ibsen: His Influence on Norwegian Drama and on Literary Attitudes." Review of National Literatures, 12:78-100. Ibsen's influence on Gunnar Heiberg, Helge Krog, Nordahl Grieg, and Jens Bjørneboe.
————. 1992. "Jens Bjørneboe and the Laughter of Tuscany." In I rapporti tra Italia e Europa del nord nella letteratura e nell'arte. Giornate scandinavie 3-5 maggio 1989, ed. Randi Langen Moen. Bologna, Universita di Bologna, 127-136. The role of Italy in Bjørneboe's work.
————. 1993. "Nasjonalisme, nazisme og landssvik. Et problemkompleks belyst gjennom to norske okkupasjons-romaner av Jens Bjørneboe og Sigurd Evensmo" (Nationalism, nazism and treason. A complex of problems illuminated by two Norwegian novels of the occupation, by JB and Sigurd Evensmo). In Literature as Resistance and Counter-Culture. Papers of the 19th Study Conference, Association for Scandinavian Studies, ed. Andrs Mast. Budapest: Hungarian Association for Scandinavian Studies, 133-136.
————. 1999a. Moment of Freedom. Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, March: 34 pars. Online. Translation of Longum 1968, 231-238.
————. 1999b. Jens Bjørneboe's The Bird-Lovers—timelessness and contemporary problematic. Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, April: 72 pars. Online. Translation of Longum 1977.
Løding,-Steinar. 1986. "Smerte og struktur: Om Før hanen galer av Jens Bjørneboe." (Pain and structure: On Ere the Cock Crows) Vinduet 40, nr.2:20-22.
Martin, Joe. 1999. Translator's introduction to Semmelweis, by Jens Bjørneboe. Los Angeles: Sun & Moon, 5-18. Also online: Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, September 1999.
Masat, András. 1989. "Jens Bjørneboe und 'der verrückte Ungar'. Zu einer Traditionslinie in der norwegischen Literatur anhand Bjørneboes Drama Semmelweis" (Jens Bjørneboe and "the mad Hungarian": on a strand of Norwegian literary tradition as seen in Bjørneboe's drama Semmelweis). In Über Brücken: Festschrift für Ulrik Groenke zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. Knut Brynhildsvoll. Hamburg: Buske Verlag, 381-395. Quotations from works and other Norwegian sources untranslated.
Mishler, William. 1987. "Jens Bjørneboe, Anthroposophy and Hertug Hans (Duke Hans)." Edda, no. 2:167-178. Anthroposophical symbolism in Bjørneboe's early novella. Quotations from works and other Norwegian sources untranslated.
Mjøset, Lars. 1977. "Frihet! Sannhet! Om Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap" (Freedom! Truth! On JB's authorship). Reprinted in Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 50-70. Originally published in Vinduet 27, no. 4 (1973): 40-49. A presentation of Bjørneboe's literary career up to Kruttårnet (Powderhouse), seen from a Marxist viewpoint; argues that Bjørneboe's view of the problems of mankind is too generalized and abstract and not closely enough linked to specific historical situations. His novels too often end in resignation or utopia, and he becomes authoritarian in his anti-authoritarianism. (JG)
————. 1977. "'En kjøligere verdensanskuelse'. Siste utkast om Jens Bjørneboe" ("A cooler view of the world": last draft about JB). In Linjer i nordisk prosa. Norge 1965-1975 ed. Helge Rønning. Oslo: Pax, 49-74. An extended essay on the trilogy and The Sharks in which Mjøset elaborates on his earlier criticism: Bjørneboe never really understands that it is the divisions in the capitalist system that are the root cause of injustice in the world, and therefore remains trapped in a bourgeois ideology. (JG)
Munthe, Thomas. 1995. Hudløst tilstede i verden (A flayed presence in the world). Filologien, no. 3. 18 pars. Online. Summary of Bjørneboe's early life up to his debut as a writer.
————. 1999. A Flayed Presence in the World. Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, January: 19 pars. Online. Translation of Munthe 1995.
Munzar, J. 1988. "Jens Bjørneboe als Dramatiker im Kontext des norwegischen Dramas" (Jens Bjørneboe as a dramatist in the context of the Norwegian drama). Brünner Beiträge zur Germanistik und Nordistik 6:125-134.
Mürer, Esther Greenleaf. 1998. Jens Bjørneboe's Winter in Bellapalma: Hemingway tribute, harbinger of works to come. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, October: 26 pars. Online. Discusses Winter in Bellapalma as a forerunner of Moment of Freedom and The Bird-Lovers, and how Bjørneboe's view of Ernest Hemingway is reflected in all three.
————. 1999. Translator's introduction to Moment of Freedom, by Jens Bjørneboe. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions and Norwich: Norvik Pr., 1-9.
————. 2000a. Translator's introduction to Powderhouse, by Jens Bjørneboe. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions and Norwich: Norvik Pr., 1-8.
————. 2000b. Translator's introduction to The Silence, by Jens Bjørneboe. Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions and Norwich: Norvik Pr., 1-9.
————. 2000c. Notes on the Genesis of Powderhouse. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, March: pars. Online. Text of Bjørneboe's 1959 note on a projected "NEW, MAJOR WORK", with commentary.
————. 2003. "Mad scientists and Moral Outrage: The Genesis of Jens Bjørneboe's Amputation." In Bjørneboe, Jens. Amputation: Texts for an Extraordinary Spectacle. Riverside, CA: Xenos Books, 2003, 143-166.
Mürer, Esther Greenleaf. 2004. "Jens Bjørneboe." In Twentieth-Century Norwegian Authors, edited by Tanya Thresher (Farmington Hills, MI: Gale), 11-26. (Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 279).
Mussari, Mark. 2000. "Color: the Material of Immateriality in Jens Bjørneboe's Blåmann." Edda, Winter 1999-2000.
Nag, Martin. 1991. Erindringer om Jens Bjørneboe (Memories of JB). Sørlandsk magasin 7:46-50.
Nilsen, Lars Helge. 1986. "Dramatikeren Jens Bjørneboe" (The dramatist JB). Norrøna (Lübeck?) 3, no.5: 67-71.
Nord, Ragnar W. 1995. "Smerte, erkjennelse og sannhet" (Pain, perception and truth). Forfatteren, 25, no 3:28-29.
Nygren, Lars. "Nattsvart optimism." In Grannskap: Nordisk antologi, redigerad av Anders Weider och Lillemor Sörman. Ur Café Existens 1984-1994 (Bottna, Caf Existens, 1994), 103-114. Originally published in Cafe Existens nr 53, 1992. Focuses on JB's relationship with Brecht, with particular attention to Ere the Cock Crows.
Oppstad, Gunnvald. 1995. "Portrett av kunstneren som edruelig ung mann" (Portrait of the artist as a sober young man). In Jens Bjørneboe: Bilder (JB: pictures), catalog of exhibition of Bjørneboe's paintings and drawings, 9 October - 19 November 1995. Oslo: Henie-Onstad Kunstsenter, 15-30. Detailed account of Bjørneboe's early days as a painter.
Otnes, Yngvild Risdal. 1977. "Av jorden har vi gjort et slaktehus" (Of the world we have made a slaughterhouse). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 12-33. Focuses on the theme of evil in JB's work.
Parmann, Øistein. 1995. "Jens Bjørneboe." In Jens Bjørneboe: Bilder (JB: pictures), catalog of exhibition of Bjørneboe's paintings and drawings, 9 October - 19 November 1995 (Oslo: Henie-Onstad Kunstsenter, 5-14. Overview of Bjørneboe's career.
Rem, Håvard. 1985. "Jens Bjørneboe: 'Det er lyriker jeg egentlig er'" (JB: "A poet is what I really am"). Estrad 1, no.1:42-47. Bjørneboe's poetics are a synthesis of Wildenvey, Øverland and Bull: "Poetry's task is to sing. All poetry is religious. Poetry is a science."
Ringnes, Haagen. 1981. "Siste samtale med Jens Bjørneboe" (Last conversation with JB). Arken 4, no. 4:12-26. Reprinted in Haagen Ringnes, Reflekser i trylleglass: stemmer fra vårt århundre. Oslo: Cappelen, 1998.
Rokne, Jan. 2000. Jens Bjørneboe—en dikter for menneskerettighetene. (JB: a poet for human rights.) AmnestyNytt 2000, Nr 5. Online: 12 November 15 pars.
Rudberg, Anna. 1987. "Jens Bjorneboe: Bestialiker och demonolog" (JB: Bestialicist and demonologist). Kulturtidskriften Horisont (Vasa, Finland), 34, no.1:58-68. In Swedish.
Schultz, Elizabeth A. 1998. The trembling balance in Jens Bjørneboe's The Sharks. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, June: 6 pars. Online. Review of The Sharks by a Melville scholar.
Schwarz, Johanna. 1977. "Jens Bjørneboes dyrerike" (JB's animal kingdom). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 156-77. First published in Syn og Segn, 73, No 6 (1967):295-310. A study of the animal symbolism in Bjørneboe's works, which demonstrates the way animals are often used to reflect the bestial in man, to illustrate his tendency to treat other human beings as objects and thus deny his humanity. (JG) In New Norwegian.
Skagen, Kaj. 1981. " leve i det 20. århundre" (To live in the 20th century). Arken 4, No 4:3-9. Discusses Bjørneboe's interest in anthroposophy and claims that it preoccupied him to the end of his life. (JG)
————. 1995. "Ungdomshelten" (The hero of my youth). Bergens Tidende, 12 October 1995. Tribute to Bjørneboe on the 75th anniversary of his birth.
————. 1998. Bjørneboe's social individualism. Foreword to Jens Bjørneboe om seg selv (Jens Bjørneboe in his own words), 1984. Translated by Esther Greenleaf M&umml;rer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, September: 37 pars. Online.
Stokka, Jan Terje. 1977. "Jens Bjørneboe som dramatiker på grunnlag av en analyse av Til lykke med dagen (1965) og forordene og etterordene til Samlede skuespill" (JB as a dramatist on the basis of an analysis of Many Happy Returns! and the forewords and afterwords to Collected Plays). Eigenproduksjon 2:1-25.
Tharaldsen, Ottil. 1977. "Drømmen og Hjulet" (The Dream and the Wheel). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 98-113. Excerpt from Kvinnesyn og mannsrolle i fire romaner av Jens Bj rneboe (View of woman and man&34;s role in four novels of JB).
Thon, John. 1979. "Noko nytt må bli skapt. Historiesyn i noen av bøkene til Jens Bjørneboe, Dag Solstad and Gunnar Lunde. Del 1." (Something new must be created. The view of history in some of the books of JB, Dag Solstad and Gunnar Lunde. Part I). Profil no. 5:11-17. Concentrates on the development of Bjørneboe's writing during the period 1966-76. Emphasizes the paradoxes and contradictions in the trilogy and in Bjørneboe's view of society in general. (JG)
————. 1995. "Jens Bjørneboes samfunnskritikk" (JB's critique of society). Klassekampen (Oslo), 17 October. Places Bjørneboe in the Bohemian tradition.
———— 1996. "Bjørneboes samfunnskritikk." Sørlandsk magasin 12:30-35.
———— 1999. Bjørneboe's Social Criticism Trans. Esther Greenleaf Mürer. Jens Bjørneboe in English online archive, May: 61 pars. Online. Translation of Thon 1996.
Varen, Olav. 1977. "Vi kalte ham Vallen. Den unge Jens Bjørneboe—en collage" (We called him Vallen. The young JB — a collage). Fædrelandsvennen, 30 April. Reminiscences of Bjørneboe's rebellious schooldays by a childhood friend. (JG)
Vennerød, Petter. 1977. "Jens Bjørneboe som forbruksvare" (JB as a commodity). In Frihet! Sannhet! Temaer i Jens Bjørneboes forfatterskap, ed. Y. R. Otnes. Oslo: Pax, 178-82.
Wandrup, Fredrik. 1988. "Jens Bjørneboe: The Cry that Fell Silent." News from the Top of the World 1:3-7. Focuses on Bjørneboe's mythologizing of himself and suggests that it ultimately destroyed him.
————. 1996. En frodig og mørk protokollfører (A fertile and dark record keeper). Filologen, no.1. 10 pars. Online.
Wasser, Frederick. 1994. Translator's introduction to The Bird-Lovers, by Jens Bjørneboe. Los Angeles: Sun & Moon, 5-13.