late 1999 to early 2000 (and backfills for previous years) / DB reference years
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Author Mohammadi, F. Kholkin, A. L. Jadidian, B.
Source Applied Physics Letters. v. 75 no16, Oct. 18 1999, p. 2488-90.
Abstract A high-displacement piezoelectric actuator that uses spiral geometry of a curved piezoelectric strip is presented. A layered manufacturing technique, called fused deposition of ceramics, is employed in the fabrication of the monolithic actuators. The technique can prototype electroceramic components with complex shapes. The spiral actuators obtained comprise 4-5 turns of a lead zirconate titanate ceramic strip with an effective length of up to 28 cm. XX