late 1999 to early 2000 (and backfills for previous years) / DB reference years
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Author Li, Xiao Chun. Stampfl, Jurgen. Prinz, Fritz B. Institution Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, USA
Source International SAMPE Symposium & Exhibition. v 44 (II) 1999. p 1849-1856. Conference Information Proceedings of the 1999 44th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition 'Envolving and Revolutionary Technologies for the New Millennium', SAMPE '99. Long Beach, CA, USA. 19990523-19990527.
Abstract Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM) is a layered manufacturing technique, which uses sequential steps of material deposition and removal to form 3-D structures. A Nd-YAG laser is used to produce fully dense, near net shape multi-material deposits. However, residual stresses caused by the temperature gradient and material property mismatches result in part inaccuracy, warpage, or even delamination. To obtain high quality of prototypes for molding and tooling, there is a need for a material with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high yield strength, good toughness, and high wear resistance. This investigation concentrates on the development of laser-deposited composites of Invar and TiC. The experimental results show that the new materials yield exceptional low CTE, high hardness and yield strength. By gradually changing the volume percentages of TiC in the deposites, parts with tough cores and hard surfaces can be built without distinct interfaces. The class of materials studied in this work promises to reduce deformation caused by residual stresses and improves mechanical properties significantly. (Auth abstract) [References: 11] XX