Investment Newsletter #14 (Dec. 12, 1999)
Tom Madell. Copyright 1999
With the year drawing to a close, it's often a good time for each of us to look back and reflect. What might you have done differently during the past year?
It matters not what type of situation we are reflecting upon. In each case, we try to identify problem areas and then focus our thoughts on how we might improve the situation. But since there are few guarantees in life, we can never be sure in advance if we try something new, whether the outcome will indeed turn out better.
The same can certainly be said with regard to managing one's mutual funds. Often potential changes we might make with our portfolio are relatively easy to spot. But would such changes turn out to be advantageous or not? Only time will tell, but we do have some suggestions.
There seem to be two types of changes that are particularly prevalent with investors at this time of the year:
1) By now, you quite likely have concluded that one or more of your funds is likely to end the year going nowhere, or worse yet (although less likely this year), will actually end in the red. Or, even if one or more is not strictly speaking doing badly, it may be well behind the major benchmarks. Or, finally, even if doing relatively well, it may be nowhere near the eye catching performance of other stand-out funds within its same fund category. So, the most obvious type of change that you might be contemplating is to dump the lagging fund.
Each of the above types of disappointment affects different people in different ways. Some investors are sensitive to even the slightest signs of underperformance while others are more willing to take a fund's relatively bad year as a normal part of the investing experience.
2) The second type of change is the flip side of dumping the laggards: Why not go for the gold? Why not jump more heavily aboard some of your brightest winners? And, if none of your present funds seem to quite measure up, why not seek out one or more entirely different funds that have widely been recognized as star performers?
When exercised together, as these portfolio changes often are, we can refer to this strategy as one of "dumping and jumping".
Discrepant performance between funds and the major benchmarks seems to have been particularly common in the last few years. This year, a larger percentage of funds have actually been beating the popular indexes as compared to 1998 when the majority of funds were significantly trailing their benchmarks.
It will probably always be the case that there will be large differences between the best and the poorest performing funds in identical fund categories. But, somehow, this year things seem to be extremely discrepant. Funds in seemingly similar categories are all over the map in terms of performance.
For example, some of the best performing small cap growth funds have gone up 100% or more so far, while some of the underperformers, such as the Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index, are up only one tenth that amount. In the international category, the average European fund is now up what would otherwise be a respectable 18% until we notice that some other international funds investing heavily, although not exclusively, in Europe too are up a much more vigorous 45 to 65%. (Vanguard's Europe Index trails here, up only 10% so far.) More than usual then it appears that just picking the right category wasn't enough: To really excel, you also had to be in the right fund.
So given these results, does it now make sense to shift out of some of these mediocre performers within our portfolios and set our sights higher? Although I can not give you any black and white answers, here are some guidelines to consider:
How much of your portfolio was in these underperforming funds?
If it was the majority, then certainly a re-examination could be in order. If, on the other hand, it was somewhere in the range of 20 to 40%, then perhaps little or no action is called for.
During these last few bull market years, I've noticed that no matter how good the overall investment climate is, if you have a diversified portfolio, at no one time is there ever the case that any more than 60 -70% of your funds will be simultaneously doing well. (We see this now with the value portion of our portfolio in relative stagnation while our growth and foreign stocks are doing much better in comparison. And then too there are bonds which haven't done well all year, although they have stablized somewhat in the last few months.)
How many different funds do you own?
This is related to the guideline above. If you own just a few funds, then under-performance in just one or two could make for a dampened overall performance. If however you own quite a few different funds, then by the very fact of diversifying, you have hopefully reduced the likelihood that under-performance in a few of them will badly hurt your overall portfolio's returns.
How long do you expect to keep a fund investment?
If you have no problem in opening a fund during one year and then exiting within the next 12 months or so if you are not satisfied with its performance, then obviously you may be more open to the "dumping and jumping" strategy. Although I don't usually practice this strategy very often myself, I'm sure some people are able to successfully use this technique, especially if they discover they hadn't done enough research when in making their initial selection.
But, on the other hand, perhaps these switchers are just not being patient enough. This is especially the case if it winds up they dumped during the "dead-zone" of the fund's worst performance, something that can't be known at the time they make their move. I have seen many cases over the years of funds looking like they were absolutely going nowhere only to shoot up 20 to 40% or more over a relatively short time (eg. in less than 6 months).
Was that now lagging investment originally selected as one way to help diversify your portfolio? Or was it just selected as one of several funds similar in type to other funds already in your portfolio?
If the investment was made specifically to diversify, then it makes less sense to close it out, unless of course, you are moving it to what you hope will be a better fund within the same asset category. If, however, you already have several funds of that type, such as for example several large cap blends in a 401k and one or two in a taxable account, then dumping might make more sense and might actually help you to further diversify.
Do you have any other reason or reasons for making the change in addition to just sub-par performance by the fund?
For example, suppose you feel the fund has become too big or is straying from the type of investments it originally emphasized when you first bought it. Or, perhaps some other asset category that you are currently under-invested in has just started to show signs of turning around and may now offer better opportunities. (As an example, perhaps in the months ahead we will see an end to the current bear market in bonds and can strongly suggest in an upcoming Newsletter that you consider transferring some money into long-term bonds, although we do not feel way this quite yet.) If then you have multiple reasons for making a switch, I think this is always a sounder basis than if you only have a performance disatisfaction reason.
Do you now consider that a manager's skill may actually be a stronger component of a fund's return than you previously thought?
Right now, most of the funds that are the strong performers are no longer the index funds. This may or may not be a longer term trend, although all the way back in Newsletter 1, I suggested that funds closely tied to the large cap benchmarks such as S & P 500 index funds might not be the best place to park most of your money for the forseeable future. If you now think that perhaps more of your funds should be in the hands of skilled, active fund managers, then perhaps you may want to reconsider your commitment to funds that you invested in strictly because they were indexed. (I personally have a mixture of active vs. passive managed funds, but the large majority have been non-indexed .)
Which statement more characterizes your overall investment philosophy?
"the trend is your friend", OR
"no one ever consistently beat the averages by buying last years winners".
If the former, then go for the gusto; if the latter, then you'd better think twice.
HAPPY HOLIDAYS!
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