Introduction
Although we are all reminded from time to time that meanings are found in people, not
the dictionary, the dictionary does offer a useful starting point for many attempts to
define an issue -- or at least the terms associated with it. The dictionary is,
after all, the place where definitions are found. What follows represents my trek
through the dictionary in search of the definitions of knowledge and related terms.
These serve as a starting point in my own search for the meaning of these same terms.
The source used is Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th Edition.
Knowledge n
[from ME knowlechen, to acknowledge]
1. Cognizance (obsolete)
2.a.(1) The fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained
through experience or association.
His years of working closely with our customers have given him a great deal of
knowledge about their needs and requirements.
2.a.(2) Acquaintance with or understanding of a science, art or technique.
Her knowledge of experimental design is unsurpassed.
2.b.(1) The fact or condition of being aware of something.
He had no knowledge of the physiological effects of marijuana.
2.b.(2) The range of ones information or understanding.
To the best of her knowledge no agreement had been reached.
2.c. The circumstance or condition of apprehending truth or fact through reasoning:
cognition.
3. Sexual intercourse (archaic)
4.a. The sum of what is known: the body of truth, information, and principles acquired
by mankind.
The libraries of the world constitute a vast treasure trove of knowledge.
4.b. A branch of learning (archaic)
Synonyms: Knowledge, Learning, Erudition,
Scholarship
Knowledge applies to facts or ideas acquired by study, investigation,
observation, or experience.
Learning applies to knowledge acquired especially through formal, often
advanced schooling.
Erudition strongly implies the acquiring of profound, recondite, or
bookish learning.
Scholarship implies the possession of learning characteristics of the
advanced scholar in a specialized field of study or investigation.
Related Terms
Competence
1. A sufficiency of means for the necessities and conveniences
of life
2. The quality or state of being competent, as in:
2.a. The properties of an embryonic field that enable it to respond in a characteristic
manner to an organizer
2.b. The readiness of bacteria to undergo genetic transformation
3. The knowledge that enables a person to speak and understand
a language
Competent
1. Proper or rightly pertinent
2. Having requisite or adequate ability or qualities
3. Legally qualified or adequate
4. Having the capacity to function or develop in a particular
way
Erudition
Extensive knowledge, acquired chiefly from books : profound (deep), recondite (deep or
obscure) or bookish learning
Information
1. The communication or reception of knowledge or intelligence.
2.a.(1) Knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction
2.a.(2) Intelligence, news.
2.a.(3) Facts, data.
2.b. The attribute inherent in and communicated by one of two or more alternative
sequences or arrangements of something that produce specific effects (e.g., binary digits
in a computer program)
2.c.(1) A signal or character representing data
2.c.(2) Something (as a message, experimental data or a picture) which justifies change
in a construct (as a plan or theory) that represents physical or mental experience or
another construct
2.d. A quantitative measure of the content of information; specifically, a numerical
quantity that measures the uncertainty in the outcome of an experiment to be performed
3. The act of informing against a person
4. A formal accusation of a crime made by a prosecuting officers as distinguished from
an indictment presented by a grand jury
Information science n (1960).
The collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded
knowledge treated both as a pure and an applied science.
Know
verb transitive
1.a.(1) To perceive directly : have direct cognition of
1.a.(2) To have understanding of (know oneself)
1.a.(3) To recognize the nature of
1.b.(1) To recognize as being the same as something previously known
1.b.(2) To be acquainted or familiar with
1.b.(3) To have experience of
2.a. To be aware of the truth or factuality of
2.b. To have a practical understanding of (know how to write)
3. To have sexual intercourse with (archaic)
verb intransitive
1. To have knowledge
2. To be or become cognizant
Learn
verb transitive
1.a.(1) To gain knowledge or understanding of or skill in by study, instruction, or
experience (learn a trade).
1.a.(2) Memorize (learn the lines of a play)
1.b. To come to be able (learn to dance)
1.c. To come to realize (learn that honesty pays)
2.a. Teach (nonstandard)
2.b. To inform of something
3. To come to know (learn that he is ill)
verb intransitive
1. To acquire knowledge or skill or a behavioral tendency (he
can learn)
Learning
1. The act or experience of one who learns
2. Knowledge or skill acquired by instruction or study
3. Modification of a behavioral tendency by experience
Manage
verb transitive
1. To handle or direct with a degree of skill
1.a. To make and keep compliant
1.b. To treat with care
1.c. To exercise executive, administrative, and supervisory direction of
2. To work upon or try to alter for a purpose
3. To succeed in accomplishing
4. To direct the professional career of
verb intransitive
1.a. To direct or carry on business or affairs
1.b. To admit of being carried on
2. To achieve ones purpose
Management
1. The act or art of managing
2. Judicious use of means to accomplish an end
3. The collective body of those who manage or direct an
enterprise
Performance
1.a. The execution of an action
1.b. Something accomplished.
2. The fulfillment of a claim, promise, or request :
implementation
3.a. The action of representing a character in a play
3.b. A public presentation or exhibition
4.a. The ability to perform
4.b. The manner in which a mechanism performs
5. The manner of reacting to stimuli : behavior
6. The linguistic behavior of an individual
Proficient
Well advanced in an art, occupation, or branch of knowledge
Synonyms: Proficient, Adept, Skilled, Skillful,
Expert
Proficient implies a thorough competence derived from training and
practice.
Adept implies special aptitude as well as proficiency.
Skilled stresses mastery of technique.
Skillful implies individual dexterity in execution or performance.
Expert implies extraordinary proficiency and often connotes knowledge as
well as technical skill.
Skill
1. Cause, reason (obsolete)
2.a. The ability to use ones knowledge effectively and readily in execution or
performance
2.b. Dexterity or coordination; especially in the execution of learned physical tasks
3. A learned power of doing something competently : a developed
aptitude or ability
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