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-A- A1 Technologies Ltd., 22, 193 absolute accuracy, 34     glossary definition, 209 Accufusion Inc., 6, 217 accuracy, 34. 309 acronyms, 215 adaptive slicing     glossary definition, 209 additive fabrication     complementary to subtractive, 31     glossary definition, 209     terminology, 201     industrial use, future of, 187 additive manufacturing, 77     terminology, 201 Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc., 168 Advanced Technology, Inc., 128, 221 AeroMet Corp., 19, 131, 89 Afit Corp., 160 Align Technology, 98 Aline, Inc., 88 aluminum-filled epoxy tooling, 120 Anatomics Pty. Ltd., 222 anisotropic nature of plastic parts, 46 anthropological models, 72 Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Co., 13 Arcam AB, 124, 217     company description, 154 architectural components, 92 architectural models, 69, 92 Armstrong Mold Corp., 221 art and architecture, 7     application rules of thumb, 67 automated fabrication, 9 Return to the top of the page.
-B- Bailey, Mike, 174 ballistic particle manufacturing, 15 band-gap structures, 108 Beaman, Joseph, 9 Beijing Yinhua Ltd., 160 binders, photopolymer, 207 Biomedical Modeling Inc., 165 Bioplotter™, 97     Envisiontec GmbH, 66 Bits From Bytes (UK), 221     RepRap parts, 21 bobbleheads, 103 Boeing Company, 787, 109     applying additive fabrication to fixtures and tools, 87     ODM spinoff, 162     parts for International Space Station, 4 bones, replacing severely injured, 168 Bowyer, Adrian, 21 bridge tooling     glossary definition, 209 brown part, 40 building construction, 93 Return to the top of the page.
-C- CAM-LEM, Inc., 49, 64, 217 casting patterns for dental laboratories, 66 castings, investment, 132 castings, sand, 134 Catalyst PDG, Inc., 217 catalysts, substrates for, 88 Center for BioMolecular Modeling, 170 ceramic filters, 5 ceramic parts, 5, 49     rapid manufacturing, 86 chain reaction     photopolymer, 208 China, 160 Clinkenbeard & Associates, 135, 221 clothing, protective, 106 clothing, smart, 106 CMET Inc., 217 CNC technology, 9     choosing instead of rapid prototyping, 32     Japan, 8 Composition     photopolymers, 207 ComputerGen Implants Ltd., 166 CONCEPT Laser GmbH, 217     processes similar to laser sintering, 48 concept model / concept modeling, 57     application rules of thumb, 56     for injection molded parts, 56     glossary definition, 210 conformal cooling, 33     glossary definition, 210 conjoined twins, 165 Connex500™     important development, 184     Objet Geometries, 16, 158 Contour Crafting, 49, 93, 177 Cornell University     Fab@Home, 22 craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, 96 CRP Technology s.r.l., 220 Cubic Technologies Inc. , 217     company description, 151     successor to Helisys, 17 CupCake, 3Dprinter, 22, 193 Cynovad Inc., 98 Return to the top of the page.
-D- Danish Technological Institute, 171 data visualization applications, 73 Daynes, Elisabeth, 173 dental crowns and other prostheses, 66 Dental Pro™     3D Systems, 148 dentistry, 65 DeskArtes Oy, 222 Desktop Factory, Inc., 23, 143, 218     company description, 152     future of, 192 desktop manufacturing     glossary definition, 210     terminology, 202 Devil's Tower Child, 173 die castings, 61, 135 Dimension, 23     Stratasys, 21 direct (fabrication) processes, 116     glossary definition, 210 direct digital manufacturing, 77     glossary definition, 210     terminology, 205 Direct Metal Deposition™ (DMD)     POM Group, 126 Direct Metal Laser Sintering™ (DMLS), 122 Direct Write Association (DWA) (UK), 107, 224 DirectCroning™     EOS GmbH, 135 Directed Metal Deposition System™, 125 D-MEC Ltd., 217 do-it-yourself     Fab@Home, 22 dosage forms, 97 DSM Somos, 220 DTM Corp.     purchase by 3D systems, 146 Return to the top of the page.
-E- Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 163 EcoTool™, 130 Eden™     Objet Geometries, 158 education     and unmet expectations, 183 electrochemical fabrication (EFAB)     electronics use, 108 electron beam melting, 6, 48     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63     variations on selective laser sintering, 12 engineering     application rules of thumb, 55     applications, 4     fit testing, 4     form testing, 4     functional testing, 4 Envisiontec GmbH, 11, 97, 164, 218     company description, 154     jewelry, 7 EOS GmbH, 6, 218     company description, 153     dental use, 98     selective laser sintering, metal parts, 47 Evenhuis, Jiri, 179 ExOne Company, 125 ExpressTool™, 131 Extrude Hone, 125 Return to the top of the page.
-F- Fab@Home, 22, 221 Fabjectory, 103 fabric designs, 179 feature sizes, 40 fiber optics, routing circuits, shuffles, 108 field repair, 95 file repair, 51 final machining, 40 finish (part finish), 37     glossary definition, 211 FIT GmbH, 156 fit testing, 4 Floating Point Solutions, 222 Ford Global Technologies, Inc., 218 Ford Motor Company     Sprayform, 121 Foresight Vehicle Initiative, 91 form testing, 4 Formula 1 racing, 90 foundry sand parts, 50 Freedom of Creation, 105, 179 freeform fabrication (FFF), 9     glossary definition, 211     terminology, 202 Freiburg Materials Research Center, 97 FUJIFILM Dimatix, Inc., 64, 218 functional testing, 4     application rules of thumb, 57 furniture, 179 fused deposition modeling     future of, 194     process explanation, 14     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62     use in investment casting, 60 fused deposition of ceramics, 211 Return to the top of the page.
-G- GARPA, Global Alliance of RP Assoc., 224 Garrod, Dorothy, 172 Gehry, Frank, 7 geographic information system (GIS) models, 73, 175 geometric complexity, 33 GIS models, 73 Global Alliance of Rapid Prototyping Associations (GARPA), 224 Glossary, 209 gradient materials     glossary definition, 211 graphic information systems (GIS), 73 Grauballe Man, 171 Griffin Industries, 134 Grossman, Bathsheba, 35, 39, 67 Return to the top of the page.
-H- hard tooling and metal parts, 123 hearing aids, 99, 172 heart     reinforcing collar for, 96 heart disorders     models of congenital, 184 Helisys, 17, 127, 157, 163     succeeded by Cubic Technologies, 163 Henri Koukka     Whole RP Family Tree, 9 history, industry, 155 Huntsman Advanced Materials Americas Inc., 170, 220 hurricane model, 192 hydroxyapatite bone implants, 66 Return to the top of the page.
-I- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), 121 implants, 66, 95, 166 INCS, 222 indirect (fabrication) processes     glossary definition, 211 indirect or secondary processes, 116 industrial design, 7, 71     application rules of thumb, 67 industry history, 143 industry, comparison with laser, 185 industry, comparison with personal computer, 185 industry, size comparison with others, 183 Industry Resources     Directory of, 217 INEEL, 121 InfiniDent service, 98 Infinite Group, 132 Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES), 211 injection molds, 33, 119     application rules of thumb, 58     limitations using RP, 119 inkjets, 15technology, future of, 192, 195, 197 Insstek, 160 intermediaries     future for, 197 Interpore Cross International, 95 investment casting, 132     rules of thumb, 60 InvisAlign™, 98 InVision™     used in investment casting, 61 IVF - The Swedish Institute of Production     Engineering Research, 131 Return to the top of the page.
-J- Javelin Inc., 49 jet engine components, 90 jetted photopolymer systems     future of, 195 jewelry, 7, 68, 103 Return to the top of the page.
-K- Keltool®, 146 Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 177 Kinergy Pte.,Ltd., 17, 151, 160, 218 Kira America Corp., 17, 159, 218 kirksite tooling, 121 Koba Industries, 221     Fab@Home, 22 Korea, 160 Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST), 160 Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 160 kouros, 180 Kyttanen, Janne, 179 Return to the top of the page.
-L- laminated object manufacturing     ceramic parts, 49     future of, 196     making large statues, 67     process explanation, 17     sand casting, 59     stairstepping, 35     use in investment casting, 60 laminated tooling, 127 lampshades, 179 LandPrint.com, 177 laser additive manufacturing (LAM), 19, 89 Laser Engineered Net Shaping™, 18, 125     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63 laser induced forward transfer (LIFT), 87 laser industry     comparison to, 185 laser powder forming, 5     future of, 195     process explanation, 18     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63     use in die casting, 61 laser sintering     basic choices for metal parts, 47     bone replacement, 96     future of, 194     process explanation, 11     rapid manufacturing, 62     stairstepping, 35     use in die casting, 61     use in investment casting, 60 Layered manufacturing / layered fabrication, 9     terminology, 202 LENS®, 18, 125 Return to the top of the page.
-M- MakerBot Industries, 22, 193 Mammoth™ stereolithography machine, 180     Materialise NV, 157 Manchester University, 171 Marcam Engineering GmbH, 223 mass customization, 79     arguments against, 79     glossary definition, 212     legal liability, 79     terminology, 204 material suppliers and converters     future for, 198 Materialise NV, 180, 223     company description, 157     hearing aids, 161     Mammoth™ stereolithography machine, 180 materials, advanced,     automating manufacture, 109     composite, 90, 109     determining what's available, 44     graded and mixed, 109     limited, 9     rapid manufacturing, 78 Mattel Children's Hospital, 165 medical applications, 6     dosage forms, 7 medicine, rapid manufacturing, 65 Menix Co., Ltd., 160 Mesoscale Integrated Conformal Electronics (MICE), 107, 224 metal castings, 132 Metal Laminated Tooling process (MELATO), 127 metal parts, 4, 116     choosing a process, 117     determining need for additive fabrication, 46     material choices, 46     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63 metal tooling and parts     application rules of thumb, 58 MetalCopy™, 131 MICE, 107, 224 microcombustors, 87 Microfabrica Inc., 5, 49, 64, 218 microfluidic applications, 86 micro-mixers     static, based on fractals, 88 Micron Technology, Inc., 107 microrobotic applications, 86 microstereolithography, 86, 163 microTEC GmbH, 5, 64, 218 microwave and RF components, 108 Milwaukee School of Engineering, 92, 130, 170 minimum feature size, 39, 40     glossary definition, 212 MIT, 13, 175 Mobile Parts Hospital, 95 ModelMaker, Solidscape technology, 34     future of, 197     use in investment casting, 61 Moesgård Museum of Prehistory, 171 molecular models, 74, 170 monomers, in photopolymers, 207 MTS Systems Corp., 89 MTT Technologies, 124, 148     processes similar to laser sintering, 48 MultiJet Modeling, 15 MultiJet Modeling™     name usage, 16     used in investment casting, 61 murder victim, facial reconstruction, 171 Return to the top of the page.
-O- object sizes, 10 Objet Geometries Ltd., 16, 165, 218     company description, 158     Connex500™, 158, 184 Office of Naval Research (ONR), 168 oligomers, 207 On-Demand Manufacturing, 4, 88, 162 open source systems, 21, 22, 193, 221 open-source project     Fab@Home, 22 OptoForm LLC, 131 OptoForm SARL     purchase by 3D systems, 146 Optomec, 6, 18, 125, 218 Return to the top of the page.
-P- paper lamination technology (PLT), 17 paper parts, 50 PAR3 Technology, 220     material properties extension, 25 part costs, 44 pathological specimens, 102 patterns     additively generated, 117     direct fabrication of investment, 134     glossary definition, 212 Peckitt, Dr. Ninian, 66, 166 Perfactory™, 164     future of, 196     used in investment casting, 61     variation on stereolithography, 11 personal computer industry     comparison to, 185 PET scanners, 101 phase change inkjets, photopolymer, 16     future of, 195, 197 PHAST, 130 Phenix Systems, 219 Phonak, 161 photocatalytic devices, 88 photoinitiators, 207 photopolymer / photopolymerization, 9, 109, 212     color, 65     composition of, 207     exposure steps, 36     how they work, 207     not equivalent to injection molding, 46 piezo-ceramics, 108 pills. See dosage forms plaster and starch parts, 50 plastic parts, 5, 115     anisotropic nature of, 46     not equivalent to injection molded, 46     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62 plastic surgery, 96 plating parts     for added strength, 24 polymerization     cationic, 208     free radical, 208 POM-Group, 6, 19, 126, 160, 219 Ponce de León, Marcia, 172 Ponoko, 188 porosity     taking advantage of, 83 post-cure apparatus (PCA), 40 post-curing     photopolymer, 208 post-processing     glossary definition, 212 precision     absolute accuracy, 36     glossary definition, 212 precision stratiform machining, 18 process plant     models, 69 Procter & Gamble, 130 Proform AG, 163 ProJet™     3D Systems, 16     dental use, 98 ProMetal™, 13, 49, 125 219     sculptures, 67 ProMetal RCT GmbH (Rapid Casting Technology), 50, 59, 135, 219, prosthetics, 7, 95     reconstruction, 96 protein models, anthrax, 170 Protoform Konrad Hofmann GmbH, 219 Protomold Company, Inc., 128 Prototal, 131 Prototype Hard and Soft Tooling [PHAST], 130 push to print, 51 Return to the top of the page.
-Q- Queensland University (Australia), 124 quick prints     application rules of thumb, 57 QuickCast™, 60, 133 Return to the top of the page.
-R- radiation-shaping arrays, 101 rapid injection molding, 83, 128 rapid manufacturing     advantages and disadvantages, 77     brief synopsis, 115     challenges and barriers, 110     definition, 77     elimination of tooling, 78     glossary definition, 213     lowered costs, 78     market potential, 80     present status, 77     rules of thumb, 61     speed compared to conventional, 78     technologies for, 81     terminology, 204 rapid manufacturing applications, 4, 83     advanced materials, 108     aerospace, 88     architecture and construction, 92     automotive, 90     batteries, 84     biological equipment, 87     biological, biomedical, chemistry, 87     consumer items, 103     dentistry, 98     electronics, 106     fashion and furniture, 103     filters, 84     gas storage cells, 84     hearing aids, 99     industrial, 83     marine, 90     medical, 95     medical devices, 99     military weapons and parts, 94     pathological specimens, 102     pharmaceuticals, 97     photonics, 108     prosthetics and implants, 95     radiation-shaping arrays, 101     sculptural products, 103     sports, 102     surgical guides, 100     textiles, 105     tissue engineering, 97     tooling, 83     transportation, 88 rapid prototyping     advantages, 3     definition, 31     link between Moore's Law and the real world, 10     misnomer, 31     part costs, 44     speed, 9     system costs, 44     terminology, 201 Rapid Prototyping Association of the Society of     Manufacturing Engineers, 224 rapid prototyping industry     Asia, 159     competition overview, 145     customers, 144     Europe, 152     market drivers, 145     products and services, 144     trends, 144 Rapid Prototyping Mailing List (RPML), 224 rapid prototyping technologies     comparing in making an identical part, 37 Rapid Shell Modeling (RSM) project, 161 Rapid Solidification Process Tooling™, 121 rapid tooling, 6     application of rapid manufacturing, 116     disincentive due to rapid manufacturing, 83     fades as distinct entity, 187     glossary definition, 213     terminology, 203 rapid tooling and manufacturing technology     comparison tables, 136 RapidMockup system (Kira), 159 RapMan, 22, 193 Raymor Industries, Inc., 121 reaction injection molding (RIM), 118 Realizer™, 124 RenShape Solutions, 160 repair of parts in the field, 95 RePliForm, Inc., 122, 220     material properties extension, 24 RepRap, 21, 221 RepRap Store, 221 resolution, 38     glossary definition, 213 reverse engineering     glossary definition, 213 RMT Spark™, 130 Roland DG Corporation, 32, 103, 219 RP Tempering™, 25 RPML, 224 RSP Tooling LLC, 219 rubber plaster molding, 118 rules of thumb, application, 55 Return to the top of the page.
-S- Sample Time Acceleration Technology [STAT], 127 sand castings, 134     application rules of thumb, 59 Sanders Design International, 151 Sanders Prototypes, 145 Sanders, Royden, 151 Sandia National Labs, 18 scientific applications, 72 sculptural objects, 67 secondary operations / process, 40     glossary definition, 213 SecondLife, 103 selecting a service bureau, 51 selective laser melting, 6     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63     variations on laser sintering, 12 selective laser sintering     basic choices for metal parts, 47     bone replacement, 96     future of, 194     process explanation, 11     rapid manufacturing, 62     stairstepping, 35     use in die casting, 61     use in investment casting, 60 selective mask sintering, 156 self-assembly techniques     molecular, 87 service bureaus, 8, 51     not all alike, 52     specialized, 198 Shanghai Union Technology Co., Ltd., 160 shape deposition manufacturing, 5 Shapeways, 188 silicone rubber tooling, 117 Singapore, 160 Sintermask GmbH, 156 Sintermask Technologies AB, 82 Sirona Dental Systems, 98 soft tooling using metals, 122 software     limitations, 184 solid freeform fabrication (SFF)     glossary definition, 213     terminology, 202 solid imaging     terminology, 202 Solidica, Inc., 64, 108, 127     military applications, 95 Solido Ltd., 17, 23, 219     company description, 159 Solidscape, Inc., 15, 34, 145, 219     company description, 151     jewelry, 7     technology, future of, 197 Soligen     3DP licensee, 134 Sony, 147, 159 Space Puzzle Molding™, 127 Spectra Group Ltd., 220 speed, (of fabrication), 43 Speed Part RP AB, 156     Also see Sintermask spray metal tooling, 121 Sprayform™, 82, 92     Ford Motor Co., 121 SRI International, 164 stairstepping, 34     glossary definition, 214 Stanford University, 5 Starbase C3, 103 STAT™ [Sample Time Acceleration Technology], 127 stencil microlithography, 87 STEP, 214 stereolithography     compared to Star Trek Replicator, 183     large format, 180     process explanation, 10     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62 STL file, 51, 214 Stratasys, Inc., 15, 220     company description, 148     patents to expire, 193     sales trends, 143     uPrint, 23, 184 Stratoconception, 17 structures, building large, 178 substrates for catalysts, 88 subtractive machining, 214 Subtractive Pin Tooling, 90 support structure, 214     removal, 41 Surface Generation Ltd., 90 surgical guides, splints, 100 surgical planning, 6, 65, 165 Swift Technologies Ltd., 130 SwifTool™, 130 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 163 system costs, 44 Return to the top of the page.
-T- tactile images for the blind, 102 technologies, additive     judging, 190 technology     limitations of, 184 terminology     chart, 206     unraveled, 201 terrain models, 73 Texas Children's Hospital, 167 thermal phase change inkjets, 15 thermoelectric microgenerator power sources, 87 ThermoJet Modeler™, 15 three dimensional printing (3DP)     bone replacement, 96     future of, 195     infiltration, 40     injection mods & metal parts, 125     metal parts, 49     process explanation, 13     rapid manufacturing, 64     stairstepping, 35 tissue engineering     scaffold structures, 97 Tissue engineering matrices, 66 titanium, 19 TNO (Netherlands), 102 Toyoda Machine Works, 159 Tru-Surf (Gilmore Engineers), 68 Tsinghua University, 160 Return to the top of the page.
-U- UCLA Medical Center, 165 Ultrasonic Consolidation Process™, 127     military applications, 95     rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 64 University of Bath     RepRap research, 21 University of California, San Diego, 174 University of Copenhagen, 171 University of Southern California, 5, 64, 177 University of Zurich, 172 uPrint     outlook, 184     Stratasys, 23 Return to the top of the page.
-V- V-Flash™, 23, 148     future of, 191     variation on stereolithography, 11 virtual prototyping, 214 virtual reality, 8 voxel     glossary definition, 214 Return to the top of the page.
-W- web exchange     glossary definition, 214 Whole RP Family Tree     Koukka, Henri, 9 wind tunnel models, 90 Wohlers Associates, 143, 224 World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC), 152 Worldwide Guide to Rapid Prototyping web-site, 224     commercial listings, technology companies, 153     service bureau directory, 51 Wuhan Benha Mechanical & Electrical Co., Ltd., 160 Return to the top of the page.
-X- X-ray detector arrays, 101 Return to the top of the page.
-Z- Z Corporation, 13, 43, 50, 175, 220     company description, 150     sales trends, 143 ZCast™, 134 Zollikofer, Christoph, 172 Return to the top of the page.