Second Edition

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-A-
absolute accuracy
    glossary definition, 209
Accufusion Inc., 6, 217
accuracy, 34
acronyms, 215
adaptive slicing
    glossary definition, 209
additive fabrication
    complementary to subtractive, 31
    terminology, 203
additive fabrication / additive manufacturing
    glossary definition, 209
additive manufacturing, 77
Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc., 185
Advanced Technology, Inc., 128, 221
AeroMet Corp., 19, 89, 131
Afit Corp., 169
Align Technology, 98
Aline, Inc., 88
aluminum-filled epoxy tooling, 120
Anatomics Pty. Ltd., 224
anisotropic nature of plastic parts, 46
anthropological models, 72
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Co., 13
Arcam AB, 124, 217
    company description, 165
    involvement with Stratasys, 161
architectural components, 92
architectural models, 69, 92
Armstrong Mold Corp., 221
art and architecture, 7
    application rules of thumb, 67
automated fabrication, 9
Automated Precision, Inc., 222

-B-
Bailey, Mike, 191
ballistic particle manufacturing, 15
band-gap structures, 108
Beaman, Joseph, 9
Beijing Yinhua Ltd., 169
Bio-Imaging Research, Inc. (BIR), 222
Biomedical Modeling Inc., 182
Bioplotter™,
    Envisiontec GmbH, 66, 97
Bits From Bytes
    RepRap parts, 21, 221
bobbleheads, 103
Boeing Company 787, 109
    applying additive fabrication to fixtures and tools, 87
    On-Demand Mfg. (ODM) spinoff, 173
    parts for International Space Station, 4
bones, replacing severely injured, 185
Bowyer, Adrian, 21
bridge tooling
    glossary definition, 209
brown part, 40
building construction, 93

-C-
CAM-LEM, Inc., 49, 64, 217
casting patterns for dental laboratories, 66
castings, investment, 132
castings, sand, 134
Catalyst PDG, Inc., 217
catalysts, substrates for, 88
Center for BioMolecular Modeling, 187
ceramic filters, 5
ceramic parts, 5, 49
    rapid manufacturing, 86
CGI, Inc., 222
China, 169
Clinkenbeard & Associates, 135, 221
clothing, protective, 106
clothing, smart, 106
CMET Inc., 217
CNC technology, 9
    choosing instead of rapid prototyping, 32
    Japan, 8
ComputerGen Implants Ltd., 183
Concept Laser GmbH, 217
    processes similar to laser sintering, 48
concept models, 57
    glossary definition, 210
concept modeling
    application rules of thumb, 56
    for injection molded parts, 56
conformal cooling, 33, 128
    glossary definition, 210
conjoined twins, 182
Connex500™
    Objet Geometries, 16, 168
Contex Scanning Technology
    purchase of Z Corp., 162
Contour Crafting, 49, 93, 195
Controlled Metal Build-up, 111
Cornell University
    Fab@Home, 22
craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, 96
Creaform Inc., 222
CRP Technology s.r.l., 220
Cubic Technologies Inc., 217
    company description, 163
    successor to Helisys, 17
Cyberware, Inc., 222
Cynovad Inc., 98
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-D-
Danish Technological Institute, 188
data visualization applications, 73
Daynes, Elisabeth, 190
dental crowns and other prostheses, 66
Dental Pro™
    3D Systems, 160
dentistry, 65
DeskArtes Oy, 224
Desktop Factory Inc., 22, 155, 218
    company description, 163
desktop manufacturing
    glossary definition, 210
    terminology, 204
Devil's Tower Child, 191
die castings, 61, 135
digitizing. See scanning
Dimension™ 21,23
    division of Stratasys, 161
direct (fabrication) processes, 116
    glossary definition, 210
direct digital manufacturing, 77
    glossary definition, 210
    terminology, 206
Direct Metal Deposition™ (DMD)
    POM Group, 126
Direct Metal Laser Sintering™ (DMLS), 122
direct shell production casting (DSPC), 60
Direct Write Association (DWA) (UK), 107, 226
DirectCroning™
    EOS GmbH, 135
Directed Metal Deposition System™, 125
D-MEC Ltd., 217
do-it-yourself
    Fab@Home, 22
dosage forms, 97
DSM Somos, 180, 220
DTM Corp.
    purchase by 3D systems, 158
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-E-
Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 174
EcoTool™, 130
Eden™
    Objet Geometries, 167
electrochemical fabrication (EFAB) 176
    electronics use, 108
electron beam melting, 6, 48
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
    variations on selective laser sintering, 12
engineering
    application rules of thumb, 55
    applications, 4
    fit testing, 4
    form testing, 4
    functional testing, 4
Envisiontec GmbH, 11, 97, 175, 218
    company description, 165
EOS GmbH, 6, 218
    company description, 164
    dental use of technology, 98
    laser sintering, metal parts, 47
Evenhuis, Jiri, 197
ExOne Company, 125
ExpressTool™, 131
Extrude Hone, 125
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-F-
Fab@Home, 22, 221
Fabjectory, 103
fabric designs, 197
FARO Technologies Inc., 222
Fast4m, 128, 218
feature sizes, 40
fiber optics, 108
fiber optics, routing circuits, shuffles, 108
field repair, 95
file repair, 51
final machining, 40
finish (part finish)
    glossary definition, 211
finishes, 37
fit testing, 4
Floating Point Solutions, 224
Fockele & Schwartze (F&S), 124
Ford Global Technologies, Inc., 218
    Sprayform, 121
Foresight Vehicle Initiative, 91
form testing, 4
Formula 1 racing, 90
foundry sand parts, 50
Fraunhofer Institutes, 111, 124
Freedom of Creation, 105, 197
freeform fabrication (FFF), 9
    glossary definition, 211
    terminology, 204
Freiburg Materials Research Center, 97
FUJIFILM Dimatix, Inc., 64, 218
functional testing, 4
    application rules of thumb, 57
furniture, 197
fused deposition modeling
    process explanation, 14
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
    use in investment casting, 61
fused deposition of ceramics, 211
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-G-
GARPA, Global Alliance of RP Assoc., 226
Garrod, Dorothy, 190
Gehry, Frank, 7
geographic information system (GIS) models, 193
geometric complexity, 33
GIS models, 73
Global Alliance of Rapid Prototyping Associations (GARPA), 226
Glossary, 209
GOM International AG, 222
gradient materials
    glossary definition, 211
graphic information systems (GIS), 73
Graphtec Corporation, 168
Grauballe Man, 188
Griffin Industries, 133
Grossman, Bathsheba, 35, 39, 67
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-H-
hard tooling and metal parts, 123
hearing aids, 99, 172
heart
    reinforcing collar for, 96
heart disorders
    models of congenital, 184
Helisys, 17, 127, 157, 163
    succeeded by Cubic Technologies, 163
Henri Koukka
    Whole RP Family Tree, 9
history, industry, 155
Huntsman Advanced Materials Americas Inc., 170, 220
hurricane model, 192
hydroxyapatite bone implants, 66
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-I-
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), 121
implants, 66, 95, 183
INCS, 221
indirect (fabrication) processes, 116
    glossary definition, 211
industrial design, 7, 71
    application rules of thumb, 67
industry history, 155
Industry Resources
    Directory of, 217
INEEL, 121
InfiniDent service, 98
Infinite Group, 131
Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES), 211
injection molds, 33, 119
    application rules of thumb, 58
    limitations using RP, 119
inkjets, 15
Insstek, 170
Interpore Cross International, 95
investment castings, 132
    rules of thumb, 60
InvisAlign™, 98
InVision™
    used in investment casting, 61
IVF - The Swedish Institute of Production Engineering Research, 130
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-J-
Javelin Inc., 49
jet engine components, 90
jewelry, 7, 68, 103
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-K-
Keltool®, 158
Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 195
Kinergy Pte. Ltd., 17, 163, 170, 218
Kira Corp., 17, 169, 218
kirksite tooling, 121
Koba Industries, 221
    Fab@Home, 22
Korea, 170
Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST), 170
Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 170
Kouros, 199
Kyttanen, Janne, 197
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-L-
laminated object manufacturing
    ceramic parts, 49
    making large statues, 67
    process explanation, 17
    sand casting, 59
    stairstepping, 35
    use in investment casting, 61
laminated looling, 127
lampshades, 197
    on head (not covered)
LandPrint.com, 194
Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM), 19, 89
Laser Design, Inc., 223
Laser Engineered Net Shaping™ (LENS®), 18, 125
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
laser induced forward transfer (LIFT), 87
laser powder forming, 5
    process explanation, 18
    use in die casting, 61
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
layered manufacturing, 9
Layered manufacturing / layered fabrication
terminology, 204
LENS® (Laser Engineered Net Shaping™), 18, 125
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-M-
Mammoth™ stereolithography machine, 199
    Materialise NV, 167
Manchester University, 188
Marcam Engineering GmbH, 225
mass customization, 79
    arguments against, 79
    glossary definition, 212
    legal liability, 79
    terminology, 206
Materialise NV, 199, 225
    company description, 167
    hearing aids, 172
materials
    advanced, automating manufacture, 109
    composite, 90, 109
    composites for stereolithography molds, 180
    determining what's available, 44
    graded and mixed, 109
    limited, 9
    rapid manufacturing, 78
Mattel Children's Hospital, 182
MCP-HEK Tooling GmbH, 124, 159, 218
    company description, 166
    processes similar to laser sintering, 48
medical applications, 6
    dosage forms, 7
medicine
    rapid manufacturing, 65
Meiko, 7
Menix Co., Ltd., 170
Mesoscopic Integrated Conformal Electronics (MICE), 107, 226
metal castings, 132
Metal Laminated Tooling process - MELATO, 127
metal parts, 4, 116
    choosing a process, 117
    determining need for additive fabrication, 46
    material choices, 46
Metal Parts
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
metal tooling and parts
    application rules of thumb, 58
MetalCopy™, 130
MICE (Mesoscopic Integrated Conformal Electronics), 107, 226
microcombustors, 87
Microfabrica Inc., 5, 49, 64, 218
    MEMS Design Challenge contest, 176
microfluidic applications, 86
micro-mixers
    static, based on fractals, 88
Micron Technology, Inc., 107
microrobotic applications, 86
microstereolithography, 86, 174
microTEC GmbH, 5, 64, 218
microwave and RF components, 108
Milwaukee School of Engineering, 92, 129, 187
minimum feature sizes, 39, 40
    glossary definition, 212
MIT, 13, 193
Mobile Parts Hospital, 95, 171
ModelMaker™, 34
    use in investment casting, 61
Moesgård Museum of Prehistory, 188
molecular models, 74, 187
MTS Systems Corp., 89
MultiJet Modeling™, 15
    name usage, 16
    used in investment casting, 61
mummy, 189
murder victim, facial reconstruction, 188
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-O-
object sizes, 10
Objet Geometries Ltd., 16, 182, 218
    company description, 167
    involvement with Stratasys, 161
Office of Naval Research (ONR), 185
On-Demand Manufacturing, 4, 88, 174
open source, additive fabrication, 21, 22, 221
    Fab@Home, 22
OptoForm LLC, 131
    purchase by 3D systems, 158
Optomec, 6, 18, 125, 219
    technology in Mobile Parts Hospital, 171
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-P-
paper lamination technology (PLT), 17
paper parts, 50
Par3 Technology, 220
    material properties extension, 25
part costs, 44
Parts Now, 60
pathological specimens, 102
patterns
    additively generated, 117
    direct fabrication of investment, 133
    glossary definition, 212
Peckitt, Dr. Ninian, 66, 183
Perfactory™, 175
    used in investment casting, 61
    variation on stereolithography, 11
PET scanners, 101
phase change inkjets, photopolymer, 16
PHAST (Prototype Hard and Soft Tooling), 129
Phenix Systems, 219
Phonak, 172
photocatalytic devices, 88
photopolymer / photopolymerization, 212
photopolymers, 9, 109
    color, 65
    exposure steps, 36
    not equivalent to injection molding, 46
piezo-ceramics, 108
pills. See dosage forms
plaster and starch parts, 50
plastic parts, 5, 115
    anisotropic nature of, 46
    not equivalent to injection molded, 46
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
plastic surgery, 96
plating parts
    for added strength, 24
point cloud data, 143
POM-Group, Inc. 6, 19, 126, 170, 219
Ponce de León, Marcia, 190
porosity
    taking advantage of, 83
post-cure apparatus (PCA), 40
post-processing
    glossary definition, 212
precision
    absolute accuracy, 36
    glossary definition, 212
precision stratiform machining, 18
process plant
    models, 69
Procter & Gamble, 129
Proform AG, 174
ProJet™
    3D Systems, 16
    dental use, 98
ProMetal™, 13, 49, 125, 178, 219
    sculptures, 67
ProMetal RCT GmbH (Rapid Casting     Technology), 50, 59, 219, 135
prosthetics, 7, 95
    reconstruction, 96
protein models, anthrax, 187
Protoform Konrad Hofmann GmbH, 219
Protomold Company, Inc., 128
Prototal, 130
ProtoTool™, 179
Prototype Hard and Soft Tooling [PHAST], 129
push to print, 51
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-Q-
Queensland University (Australia), 124
quick prints
    application rules of thumb, 57
QuickCast™, 60, 133
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-R-
radiation-shaping arrays, 101
rapid injection molding, 83, 128
rapid manufacturing
    advantages and disadvantages, 77
    brief synopsis, 115
    challenges and barriers, 110
    definition, 77
    elimination of tooling, 78
    glossary definition, 213
    lowered costs, 78
    market potential, 80
    present status, 77
    rules of thumb, 62
    speed compared to conventional, 78
    technologies for, 81
rapid manufacturing applications, 4, 83
    advanced materials, 108
    aerospace, 88
    architecture and construction, 92
    automotive, 90
    batteries, 84
    biological equipment, 87
    biological, biomedical, chemistry, 87
    consumer items, 103
    dentistry, 98
    electronics, 106
    fashion and furniture, 103
    filters, 84
    gas storage cells, 84
    hearing aids, 99
    industrial, 83
    marine, 90
    medical, 95
    medical devices, 99
    military weapons and parts, 94
    pathological specimens, 102
    pharmaceuticals, 97
    photonics, 108
    prosthetics and implants, 95
    radiation-shaping arrays, 101
    sculptural products, 103
    sports, 102
    surgical guides, 100
    terminology, 206
    textiles, 105
    tissue engineering, 97
    tooling, 83
    transportation, 88
rapid prototyping
    advantages, 3
    combining technologies, 111
    definition, 31
    link between Moore's Law and the real world, 10
    misnomer, 31
    part costs, 44
    speed, 9
    system costs, 44
    terminology, 203
Rapid Prototyping Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 226
rapid prototyping industry
    Asia, 169
    competition overview, 157
    customers, 156
    Europe, 164
    market drivers, 156
    products and services, 156
    trends, 155
Rapid Prototyping Mailing List (RPML), 226
rapid prototyping technologies
    comparing in making an identical part, 37
Rapid Shell Modeling (RSM) project, 172
Rapid Solidification Process Tooling™ (RSP), 121
rapid tooling, 6
    application of rapid manufacturing, 116
    disincentive due to rapid manufacturing, 83
    glossary definition, 213
    terminology, 205
rapid tooling and manufacturing technology     comparison tables, 136
RapidMockup™ system, 169
Raymor Industries, Inc., 121
reaction injection molding (RIM), 118
Realizer™, 124
RenShape Solutions, 170
repair of parts in the field, 95
RePliForm Inc., 122, 220
    material properties extension, 24
RepRap, 21, 221
RepRap Store, 221
    RepRap parts, 21
resolution, 38
    glossary definition, 213
reverse engineering, 143
    applications, 143
    glossary definition, 213
RMT Spark™, 130
Roland DGA Corporation, 32, 103, 219, 223
RP Tempering™, 25
RPML (Rapid Prototyping Mailing List), 226
RSP Tooling LLC, 219
rubber plaster molding, 118
rules of thumb, application, 55
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-S-
Sample Time Acceleration Technology [STAT], 127
sand castings, 134
    application rules of thumb, 59
Sanders Design International, 162
Sanders Prototypes, 157
Sanders, Royden, 163
Sandia National Labs, 18
scanner comparison charts, 149
scanning, 143
    accuracy and resolution, 144
    dual-capability systems, 146
    internal viewing, 147
    large object and surveying, 148
    laser based, 145
    laser types, other, 146
    line and spot / triangulation, 145
    speed, 144
    structured light or broadband, 147
    technologies summary, 144
    touch-probe Systems, 145
    tracking systems, 146
scientific applications, 72
sculptural objects, 67
secondary operations, 40
    glossary definition, 213
secondary process
    glossary definition, 213
SecondLife, 103
selecting a service bureau, 51
selective laser melting, 6
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
    variations on selective laser sintering, 12
selective laser sintering
    basic choices for metal parts, 47
    for bone replacement, 96
    process explanation, 11
    rapid manufacturing, 62
    stairstepping, 35
    use in die casting, 61
    use in investment casting, 61
self-assembly techniques
    molecular, 87
service bureaus, 8, 51
Service bureaus
    not all alike, 52
Shanghai Union Technology Co., Ltd., 169
shape deposition manufacturing, 5
silicone rubber tooling, 117
Singapore, 170
Sintermask Technologies AB, 82, 219
    company description, 166
Sirona Dental Systems, 98
soft tooling using metals, 122
solid freeform fabrication (SFF)
    glossary definition, 213
    terminology, 204
solid imaging
    terminology, 204
Solidica, Inc., 64, 108, 127
    military applications, 95
Solidimension
    see Solido, 168
Solido Ltd., 17, 22, 23, 219
    company description, 168
    involvement with 3D Systems, 159
Solidscape Inc., 15, 34, 157, 219
    company description, 162
    jewelry, 7
Soligen, 13, 60, 133, 220
Sony, 159, 169
Space Puzzle Molding™, 126
Spectra Group Limited, 189, 220
speed, 43
Speed Part AB
    see Sintermask, 166
spray metal tooling, 121
Sprayform™, 82, 92
    Ford Motor Co., 121
SRI International, 175
stairstepping
    glossary definition, 214
Stairstepping, 34
Stanford University, 5
Starbase C3, 103
STAT™ (Sample Time Acceleration Technology), 127
Steinbichler Optotechnik GmbH, 224
stencil microlithography, 87
STEP, 214
stereolithography
    large format, 199
    molds, 179
    process explanation, 10
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
STL file, 51, 214
Stratasys Inc., 15, 220
    company description, 160
    sales trends, 155
Stratoconception, 17
structures, building large, 195
substrates for catalysts, 88
subtractive machining, 214
Subtractive Pin Tooling, 90
support structures, 214
    removal, 41
Surface Generation Ltd., 90
surgical guides, splints, 100
surgical planning, 6, 65
Swift Technologies Ltd., 130
SwifTool™, 130
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 174
system costs, 44
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-T-
tactile images for the blind, 102
terminology
    chart, 208
    unraveled, 203
terrain models, 73
Texas Children's Hospital, 185
thermal phase change inkjets, 15
thermoelectric microgenerator power sources, 87
ThermoJet Modeler™, 15
three dimensional printing
    for bone replacement, 96
    infiltration, 40
    metal parts, 49
    process explanation, 13
    rapid manufacturing, 64
    stairstepping, 35
Three Dimensional Printing™
    injection mods & metal parts, 125
tissue engineering matrices, 66
    scaffold structures, 97
titanium, 19
TNO (Netherlands), 102
Toledo Museum of Art, 189
Toyoda Machine Works, 169
Trumpf's Direct Laser Forming, 82
Tru-Surf (Gilmore Engineers), 68
Tsinghua University, 169
Tuxedo Photopolymers, 220
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-U-
UCLA Medical Center, 182
Ultrasonic Consolidation™, 127
    military applications, 95
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 64
University of Bath
    RepRap research, 21
University of California, San Diego, 191
University of Copenhagen, 188
University of Southern California, 5, 64, 195
University of Zurich, 190
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-V-
V-Flash™, 22, 160
    variation on stereolithography, 11
virtual prototyping, 214
virtual reality, 8
voxel
    glossary definition, 214
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-W-
web exchange
    glossary definition, 214
Whole RP Family Tree
    Koukka, Henri, 9
wind tunnel models, 90
Wohlers Associates, 226
Wohlers Report, 155
World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC), 164
Worldwide Guide to Rapid Prototyping web-site, 226
    commercial listings, technology companies, 164
    service bureau directory, 51
Wuhan Benha Mechanical & Electrical Co., Ltd., 169
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-X-
X-ray detector arrays, 101
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-Z-
Z Corporation, 13, 43, 50, 193, 220, 224
    company description, 162
    sales trends, 155
ZCast™, 133
Zollikofer, Christoph, 190
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