Third Edition / 2009

-A-
A1 Technologies Ltd., 22, 193
absolute accuracy, 34
    glossary definition, 209
Accufusion Inc., 6, 217
accuracy, 34. 309
acronyms, 215
adaptive slicing
    glossary definition, 209
additive fabrication
    complementary to subtractive, 31
    glossary definition, 209
    terminology, 201
    industrial use, future of, 187
additive manufacturing, 77
    terminology, 201
Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc., 168
Advanced Technology, Inc., 128, 221
AeroMet Corp., 19, 131, 89
Afit Corp., 160
Align Technology, 98
Aline, Inc., 88
aluminum-filled epoxy tooling, 120
Anatomics Pty. Ltd., 222
anisotropic nature of plastic parts, 46
anthropological models, 72
Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Co., 13
Arcam AB, 124, 217
    company description, 154
architectural components, 92
architectural models, 69, 92
Armstrong Mold Corp., 221
art and architecture, 7
    application rules of thumb, 67
automated fabrication, 9
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-B-
Bailey, Mike, 174
ballistic particle manufacturing, 15
band-gap structures, 108
Beaman, Joseph, 9
Beijing Yinhua Ltd., 160
binders, photopolymer, 207
Biomedical Modeling Inc., 165
Bioplotter™, 97
    Envisiontec GmbH, 66
Bits From Bytes (UK), 221
    RepRap parts, 21
bobbleheads, 103
Boeing Company, 787, 109
    applying additive fabrication to fixtures and tools, 87
    ODM spinoff, 162
    parts for International Space Station, 4
bones, replacing severely injured, 168
Bowyer, Adrian, 21
bridge tooling
    glossary definition, 209
brown part, 40
building construction, 93
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-C-
CAM-LEM, Inc., 49, 64, 217
casting patterns for dental laboratories, 66
castings, investment, 132
castings, sand, 134
Catalyst PDG, Inc., 217
catalysts, substrates for, 88
Center for BioMolecular Modeling, 170
ceramic filters, 5
ceramic parts, 5, 49
    rapid manufacturing, 86
chain reaction
    photopolymer, 208
China, 160
Clinkenbeard & Associates, 135, 221
clothing, protective, 106
clothing, smart, 106
CMET Inc., 217
CNC technology, 9
    choosing instead of rapid prototyping, 32
    Japan, 8
Composition
    photopolymers, 207
ComputerGen Implants Ltd., 166
CONCEPT Laser GmbH, 217
    processes similar to laser sintering, 48
concept model / concept modeling, 57
    application rules of thumb, 56
    for injection molded parts, 56
    glossary definition, 210
conformal cooling, 33
    glossary definition, 210
conjoined twins, 165
Connex500™
    important development, 184
    Objet Geometries, 16, 158
Contour Crafting, 49, 93, 177
Cornell University
    Fab@Home, 22
craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, 96
CRP Technology s.r.l., 220
Cubic Technologies Inc. , 217
    company description, 151
    successor to Helisys, 17
CupCake, 3Dprinter, 22, 193
Cynovad Inc., 98
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-D-
Danish Technological Institute, 171
data visualization applications, 73
Daynes, Elisabeth, 173
dental crowns and other prostheses, 66
Dental Pro™
    3D Systems, 148
dentistry, 65
DeskArtes Oy, 222
Desktop Factory, Inc., 23, 143, 218
    company description, 152
    future of, 192
desktop manufacturing
    glossary definition, 210
    terminology, 202
Devil's Tower Child, 173
die castings, 61, 135
Dimension, 23
    Stratasys, 21
direct (fabrication) processes, 116
    glossary definition, 210
direct digital manufacturing, 77
    glossary definition, 210
    terminology, 205
Direct Metal Deposition™ (DMD)
    POM Group, 126
Direct Metal Laser Sintering™ (DMLS), 122
Direct Write Association (DWA) (UK), 107, 224
DirectCroning™
    EOS GmbH, 135
Directed Metal Deposition System™, 125
D-MEC Ltd., 217
do-it-yourself
    Fab@Home, 22
dosage forms, 97
DSM Somos, 220
DTM Corp.
    purchase by 3D systems, 146
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-E-
Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 163
EcoTool™, 130
Eden™
    Objet Geometries, 158
education
    and unmet expectations, 183
electrochemical fabrication (EFAB)
    electronics use, 108
electron beam melting, 6, 48
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
    variations on selective laser sintering, 12
engineering
    application rules of thumb, 55
    applications, 4
    fit testing, 4
    form testing, 4
    functional testing, 4
Envisiontec GmbH, 11, 97, 164, 218
    company description, 154
    jewelry, 7
EOS GmbH, 6, 218
    company description, 153
    dental use, 98
    selective laser sintering, metal parts, 47
Evenhuis, Jiri, 179
ExOne Company, 125
ExpressTool™, 131
Extrude Hone, 125
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-F-
Fab@Home, 22, 221
Fabjectory, 103
fabric designs, 179
feature sizes, 40
fiber optics, routing circuits, shuffles, 108
field repair, 95
file repair, 51
final machining, 40
finish (part finish), 37
    glossary definition, 211
FIT GmbH, 156
fit testing, 4
Floating Point Solutions, 222
Ford Global Technologies, Inc., 218
Ford Motor Company
    Sprayform, 121
Foresight Vehicle Initiative, 91
form testing, 4
Formula 1 racing, 90
foundry sand parts, 50
Freedom of Creation, 105, 179
freeform fabrication (FFF), 9
    glossary definition, 211
    terminology, 202
Freiburg Materials Research Center, 97
FUJIFILM Dimatix, Inc., 64, 218
functional testing, 4
    application rules of thumb, 57
furniture, 179
fused deposition modeling
    future of, 194
    process explanation, 14
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
    use in investment casting, 60
fused deposition of ceramics, 211
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-G-
GARPA, Global Alliance of RP Assoc., 224
Garrod, Dorothy, 172
Gehry, Frank, 7
geographic information system (GIS) models, 73, 175
geometric complexity, 33
GIS models, 73
Global Alliance of Rapid Prototyping Associations (GARPA), 224
Glossary, 209
gradient materials
    glossary definition, 211
graphic information systems (GIS), 73
Grauballe Man, 171
Griffin Industries, 134
Grossman, Bathsheba, 35, 39, 67
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-H-
hard tooling and metal parts, 123
hearing aids, 99, 172
heart
    reinforcing collar for, 96
heart disorders
    models of congenital, 184
Helisys, 17, 127, 157, 163
    succeeded by Cubic Technologies, 163
Henri Koukka
    Whole RP Family Tree, 9
history, industry, 155
Huntsman Advanced Materials Americas Inc., 170, 220
hurricane model, 192
hydroxyapatite bone implants, 66
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-I-
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), 121
implants, 66, 95, 166
INCS, 222
indirect (fabrication) processes
    glossary definition, 211
indirect or secondary processes, 116
industrial design, 7, 71
    application rules of thumb, 67
industry history, 143
industry, comparison with laser, 185
industry, comparison with personal computer, 185
industry, size comparison with others, 183
Industry Resources
    Directory of, 217
INEEL, 121
InfiniDent service, 98
Infinite Group, 132
Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES), 211
injection molds, 33, 119
    application rules of thumb, 58
    limitations using RP, 119
inkjets, 15technology, future of, 192, 195, 197
Insstek, 160
intermediaries
    future for, 197
Interpore Cross International, 95
investment casting, 132
    rules of thumb, 60
InvisAlign™, 98
InVision™
    used in investment casting, 61
IVF - The Swedish Institute of Production     Engineering Research, 131
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-J-
Javelin Inc., 49
jet engine components, 90
jetted photopolymer systems
    future of, 195
jewelry, 7, 68, 103
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-K-
Keltool®, 146
Khoshnevis, Behrokh, 177
Kinergy Pte.,Ltd., 17, 151, 160, 218
Kira America Corp., 17, 159, 218
kirksite tooling, 121
Koba Industries, 221
    Fab@Home, 22
Korea, 160
Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST), 160
Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 160
kouros, 180
Kyttanen, Janne, 179
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-L-
laminated object manufacturing
    ceramic parts, 49
    future of, 196
    making large statues, 67
    process explanation, 17
    sand casting, 59
    stairstepping, 35
    use in investment casting, 60
laminated tooling, 127
lampshades, 179
LandPrint.com, 177
laser additive manufacturing (LAM), 19, 89
Laser Engineered Net Shaping™, 18, 125
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
laser induced forward transfer (LIFT), 87
laser industry
    comparison to, 185
laser powder forming, 5
    future of, 195
    process explanation, 18
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
    use in die casting, 61
laser sintering
    basic choices for metal parts, 47
    bone replacement, 96
    future of, 194
    process explanation, 11
    rapid manufacturing, 62
    stairstepping, 35
    use in die casting, 61
    use in investment casting, 60
Layered manufacturing / layered fabrication, 9
    terminology, 202
LENS®, 18, 125
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-M-
MakerBot Industries, 22, 193
Mammoth™ stereolithography machine, 180
    Materialise NV, 157
Manchester University, 171
Marcam Engineering GmbH, 223
mass customization, 79
    arguments against, 79
    glossary definition, 212
    legal liability, 79
    terminology, 204
material suppliers and converters
    future for, 198
Materialise NV, 180, 223
    company description, 157
    hearing aids, 161
    Mammoth™ stereolithography machine, 180
materials, advanced,
    automating manufacture, 109
    composite, 90, 109
    determining what's available, 44
    graded and mixed, 109
    limited, 9
    rapid manufacturing, 78
Mattel Children's Hospital, 165
medical applications, 6
    dosage forms, 7
medicine, rapid manufacturing, 65
Menix Co., Ltd., 160
Mesoscale Integrated Conformal Electronics (MICE), 107, 224
metal castings, 132
Metal Laminated Tooling process (MELATO), 127
metal parts, 4, 116
    choosing a process, 117
    determining need for additive fabrication, 46
    material choices, 46
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
metal tooling and parts
    application rules of thumb, 58
MetalCopy™, 131
MICE, 107, 224
microcombustors, 87
Microfabrica Inc., 5, 49, 64, 218
microfluidic applications, 86
micro-mixers
    static, based on fractals, 88
Micron Technology, Inc., 107
microrobotic applications, 86
microstereolithography, 86, 163
microTEC GmbH, 5, 64, 218
microwave and RF components, 108
Milwaukee School of Engineering, 92, 130, 170
minimum feature size, 39, 40
    glossary definition, 212
MIT, 13, 175
Mobile Parts Hospital, 95
ModelMaker, Solidscape technology, 34
    future of, 197
    use in investment casting, 61
Moesgård Museum of Prehistory, 171
molecular models, 74, 170
monomers, in photopolymers, 207
MTS Systems Corp., 89
MTT Technologies, 124, 148
    processes similar to laser sintering, 48
MultiJet Modeling, 15
MultiJet Modeling™
    name usage, 16
    used in investment casting, 61
murder victim, facial reconstruction, 171
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-O-
object sizes, 10
Objet Geometries Ltd., 16, 165, 218
    company description, 158
    Connex500™, 158, 184
Office of Naval Research (ONR), 168
oligomers, 207
On-Demand Manufacturing, 4, 88, 162
open source systems, 21, 22, 193, 221
open-source project
    Fab@Home, 22
OptoForm LLC, 131
OptoForm SARL
    purchase by 3D systems, 146
Optomec, 6, 18, 125, 218
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-P-
paper lamination technology (PLT), 17
paper parts, 50
PAR3 Technology, 220
    material properties extension, 25
part costs, 44
pathological specimens, 102
patterns
    additively generated, 117
    direct fabrication of investment, 134
    glossary definition, 212
Peckitt, Dr. Ninian, 66, 166
Perfactory™, 164
    future of, 196
    used in investment casting, 61
    variation on stereolithography, 11
personal computer industry
    comparison to, 185
PET scanners, 101
phase change inkjets, photopolymer, 16
    future of, 195, 197
PHAST, 130
Phenix Systems, 219
Phonak, 161
photocatalytic devices, 88
photoinitiators, 207
photopolymer / photopolymerization, 9, 109, 212
    color, 65
    composition of, 207
    exposure steps, 36
    how they work, 207
    not equivalent to injection molding, 46
piezo-ceramics, 108
pills. See dosage forms
plaster and starch parts, 50
plastic parts, 5, 115
    anisotropic nature of, 46
    not equivalent to injection molded, 46
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
plastic surgery, 96
plating parts
    for added strength, 24
polymerization
    cationic, 208
    free radical, 208
POM-Group, 6, 19, 126, 160, 219
Ponce de León, Marcia, 172
Ponoko, 188
porosity
    taking advantage of, 83
post-cure apparatus (PCA), 40
post-curing
    photopolymer, 208
post-processing
    glossary definition, 212
precision
    absolute accuracy, 36
    glossary definition, 212
precision stratiform machining, 18
process plant
    models, 69
Procter & Gamble, 130
Proform AG, 163
ProJet™
    3D Systems, 16
    dental use, 98
ProMetal™, 13, 49, 125 219
    sculptures, 67
ProMetal RCT GmbH (Rapid Casting Technology), 50, 59, 135, 219,
prosthetics, 7, 95
    reconstruction, 96
protein models, anthrax, 170
Protoform Konrad Hofmann GmbH, 219
Protomold Company, Inc., 128
Prototal, 131
Prototype Hard and Soft Tooling [PHAST], 130
push to print, 51
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-Q-
Queensland University (Australia), 124
quick prints
    application rules of thumb, 57
QuickCast™, 60, 133
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-R-
radiation-shaping arrays, 101
rapid injection molding, 83, 128
rapid manufacturing
    advantages and disadvantages, 77
    brief synopsis, 115
    challenges and barriers, 110
    definition, 77
    elimination of tooling, 78
    glossary definition, 213
    lowered costs, 78
    market potential, 80
    present status, 77
    rules of thumb, 61
    speed compared to conventional, 78
    technologies for, 81
    terminology, 204
rapid manufacturing applications, 4, 83
    advanced materials, 108
    aerospace, 88
    architecture and construction, 92
    automotive, 90
    batteries, 84
    biological equipment, 87
    biological, biomedical, chemistry, 87
    consumer items, 103
    dentistry, 98
    electronics, 106
    fashion and furniture, 103
    filters, 84
    gas storage cells, 84
    hearing aids, 99
    industrial, 83
    marine, 90
    medical, 95
    medical devices, 99
    military weapons and parts, 94
    pathological specimens, 102
    pharmaceuticals, 97
    photonics, 108
    prosthetics and implants, 95
    radiation-shaping arrays, 101
    sculptural products, 103
    sports, 102
    surgical guides, 100
    textiles, 105
    tissue engineering, 97
    tooling, 83
    transportation, 88
rapid prototyping
    advantages, 3
    definition, 31
    link between Moore's Law and the real world, 10
    misnomer, 31
    part costs, 44
    speed, 9
    system costs, 44
    terminology, 201
Rapid Prototyping Association of the Society of     Manufacturing Engineers, 224
rapid prototyping industry
    Asia, 159
    competition overview, 145
    customers, 144
    Europe, 152
    market drivers, 145
    products and services, 144
    trends, 144
Rapid Prototyping Mailing List (RPML), 224
rapid prototyping technologies
    comparing in making an identical part, 37
Rapid Shell Modeling (RSM) project, 161
Rapid Solidification Process Tooling™, 121
rapid tooling, 6
    application of rapid manufacturing, 116
    disincentive due to rapid manufacturing, 83
    fades as distinct entity, 187
    glossary definition, 213
    terminology, 203
rapid tooling and manufacturing technology
    comparison tables, 136
RapidMockup system (Kira), 159
RapMan, 22, 193
Raymor Industries, Inc., 121
reaction injection molding (RIM), 118
Realizer™, 124
RenShape Solutions, 160
repair of parts in the field, 95
RePliForm, Inc., 122, 220
    material properties extension, 24
RepRap, 21, 221
RepRap Store, 221
resolution, 38
    glossary definition, 213
reverse engineering
    glossary definition, 213
RMT Spark™, 130
Roland DG Corporation, 32, 103, 219
RP Tempering™, 25
RPML, 224
RSP Tooling LLC, 219
rubber plaster molding, 118
rules of thumb, application, 55
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-S-
Sample Time Acceleration Technology [STAT], 127
sand castings, 134
    application rules of thumb, 59
Sanders Design International, 151
Sanders Prototypes, 145
Sanders, Royden, 151
Sandia National Labs, 18
scientific applications, 72
sculptural objects, 67
secondary operations / process, 40
    glossary definition, 213
SecondLife, 103
selecting a service bureau, 51
selective laser melting, 6
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 63
    variations on laser sintering, 12
selective laser sintering
    basic choices for metal parts, 47
    bone replacement, 96
    future of, 194
    process explanation, 11
    rapid manufacturing, 62
    stairstepping, 35
    use in die casting, 61
    use in investment casting, 60
selective mask sintering, 156
self-assembly techniques
    molecular, 87
service bureaus, 8, 51
    not all alike, 52
    specialized, 198
Shanghai Union Technology Co., Ltd., 160
shape deposition manufacturing, 5
Shapeways, 188
silicone rubber tooling, 117
Singapore, 160
Sintermask GmbH, 156
Sintermask Technologies AB, 82
Sirona Dental Systems, 98
soft tooling using metals, 122
software
    limitations, 184
solid freeform fabrication (SFF)
    glossary definition, 213
    terminology, 202
solid imaging
    terminology, 202
Solidica, Inc., 64, 108, 127
    military applications, 95
Solido Ltd., 17, 23, 219
    company description, 159
Solidscape, Inc., 15, 34, 145, 219
    company description, 151
    jewelry, 7
    technology, future of, 197
Soligen
    3DP licensee, 134
Sony, 147, 159
Space Puzzle Molding™, 127
Spectra Group Ltd., 220
speed, (of fabrication), 43
Speed Part RP AB, 156
    Also see Sintermask
spray metal tooling, 121
Sprayform™, 82, 92
    Ford Motor Co., 121
SRI International, 164
stairstepping, 34
    glossary definition, 214
Stanford University, 5
Starbase C3, 103
STAT™ [Sample Time Acceleration Technology], 127
stencil microlithography, 87
STEP, 214
stereolithography
    compared to Star Trek Replicator, 183
    large format, 180
    process explanation, 10
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 62
STL file, 51, 214
Stratasys, Inc., 15, 220
    company description, 148
    patents to expire, 193
    sales trends, 143
    uPrint, 23, 184
Stratoconception, 17
structures, building large, 178
substrates for catalysts, 88
subtractive machining, 214
Subtractive Pin Tooling, 90
support structure, 214
    removal, 41
Surface Generation Ltd., 90
surgical guides, splints, 100
surgical planning, 6, 65, 165
Swift Technologies Ltd., 130
SwifTool™, 130
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 163
system costs, 44
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-T-
tactile images for the blind, 102
technologies, additive
    judging, 190
technology
    limitations of, 184
terminology
    chart, 206
    unraveled, 201
terrain models, 73
Texas Children's Hospital, 167
thermal phase change inkjets, 15
thermoelectric microgenerator power sources, 87
ThermoJet Modeler™, 15
three dimensional printing (3DP)
    bone replacement, 96
    future of, 195
    infiltration, 40
    injection mods & metal parts, 125
    metal parts, 49
    process explanation, 13
    rapid manufacturing, 64
    stairstepping, 35
tissue engineering
    scaffold structures, 97
Tissue engineering matrices, 66
titanium, 19
TNO (Netherlands), 102
Toyoda Machine Works, 159
Tru-Surf (Gilmore Engineers), 68
Tsinghua University, 160
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-U-
UCLA Medical Center, 165
Ultrasonic Consolidation Process™, 127
    military applications, 95
    rapid manufacturing, rules of thumb, 64
University of Bath
    RepRap research, 21
University of California, San Diego, 174
University of Copenhagen, 171
University of Southern California, 5, 64, 177
University of Zurich, 172
uPrint
    outlook, 184
    Stratasys, 23
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-V-
V-Flash™, 23, 148
    future of, 191
    variation on stereolithography, 11
virtual prototyping, 214
virtual reality, 8
voxel
    glossary definition, 214
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-W-
web exchange
    glossary definition, 214
Whole RP Family Tree
    Koukka, Henri, 9
wind tunnel models, 90
Wohlers Associates, 143, 224
World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC), 152
Worldwide Guide to Rapid Prototyping web-site, 224
    commercial listings, technology companies, 153
    service bureau directory, 51
Wuhan Benha Mechanical & Electrical Co., Ltd., 160
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-X-
X-ray detector arrays, 101
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-Z-
Z Corporation, 13, 43, 50, 175, 220
    company description, 150
    sales trends, 143
ZCast™, 134
Zollikofer, Christoph, 172
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