June 22 1982
June 11 1998
|
|
| Malta Island; July 1987 ssp. melitensis | Seraing, Belgium ssp machaon female |
|
|
| Pink Mtn, British Columbia, Canada ssp alaiska
June 22 1982 |
Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan, Canada ssp hudsonianus
June 11 1998 |
|
|
| Beijing China ssp venchuanus |
Very wide range (circumpolar) through N America, Europe, and Asia. Over 100 ssp described ( at least half of which are of dubious value for subspecies status) in what is known as the "machaon complex." A few populations in Europe may be decining due to human development. Papilio hippocrates almost certainly belongs with this species and is very similar to the East China specimens (ie.: venchuanus )