Reading parts of this theory may lead one to the conclusion that it requires a physical geometry that the momentum is buried or carried within. This is portrayed because it simplifies things by addressing the various concepts separately. There is a whole philosophical study on the nature of spacetime. For this theory, the nature of spacetime is made up of particle interactions only. There are a couple of reasons for this view. One is the lack of requirement for a geometrical spacetime. The other reason is that a particle momentum effects on neighboring particle effective separation is a way to view spacetime and lorentzian contractions.

What is required for us to observe physical quantities like force, velocity, and distance? Force is an exchange of virtual particles. Velocity is a change in location, or distance, over time, distance (meter definition) is the number of wavelengths of light with a specific color. So there are particles providing force and light, also a particle, used to define distance. Time, particles and particle interactions can be used to describe any physical characteristic.

The geometry of spacetime is as solid as the chair one sits in. Now it only depends on your view of what makes up a chair. One can see atoms and molecules bound together, existing in an euclidean space. Or one can view it as a fractal net, made up of allowed particle interactions. Any interaction is allowed that has a momentum value that is an integer multiple of h. To get a momentum value out of h one needs to know a distance. It is assumed that the geometry size is dependent on the amount of momentum traveling along that dimension and the distance from those momentums. The only thing real about a dimension is that it conserves momentum and that it is an allowed degree of freedom. One can view the geometry as momentums with independent degrees of freedom. Once the momentum is set, the size is set and the allowed interactions are constrained.

Imagine a node, with rays emitting in all dimensions. There are other nodes. The distance between the nodes defines the wavelength of a fundamental interaction and all the higher harmonics. These interactions have a lower probability the shorter the wavelength. The longer the wavelength the less effect there is on between the two nodes. Now imagine the two nodes on the surface of a ball. The rays follow the curvature to interact between the two nodes to interact along two different paths, the short way and the path around the long way. Now instead of one set of harmonics, there are two. There are paths that are not straight lines, but they destructively interfere with their neighboring path and end up with a low probability.

Now imagine that the two nodes are on a torus. There are multiple paths that may or may not constructively interfere, depending on their relative location on the torus. The nodes are not something new here. They are momentums traveling orthogonal to the surface of the torus. The allowed rays can be viewed as strings. These strings connect to other strings at nodes within a plane. These strings fill the plane as a fractal pattern. It creates a surface that is nearly continuous but also completely empty. Similar to rational numbers filling the space between 0 and 1, but leaving a distance of 1 uncovered. The allowed interaction rays are like threads in a cloth. The cloth is not a real two dimensional surface, but only a combination or one dimensional threads. Real fabrics are made with three dimensional thread. Spacetime is made up of true one dimensional strings, connected together making a complex web.

The nodes in the plane are where the fractal plane of rays connect to the rays along other dimensions. This fills a volume. The rays don't follow only orthogonal paths. They cross diagonally, interacting directly as well as indirectly through an intermediate node, common to both planes. There are rays that only interact with themselves on the plane with no point nodes. But they could form a node at some point in time.

It is easier to imagine that these interactions are happening in a real geometry. This geometry changes dimensions based on the number of interactions and rays traveling through it. But it can be easily seen also as rules of interaction that happen to give the same results. The rules may be caused by degrees of freedom due to geometry effects, or geometry effects may be due to the allowed rules for the degrees of freedom.

There may be mathematical reasons alone for the number of independent degrees of freedom. The single initial condition being the amount of action available. Action roughly viewed as the RMS value of momentum. Momentum is zero if electron-positron pair is created or if proton/anti-proton pair is made. The RMS value is much greater for the protons rather than the electrons.

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Last Updated on November 20, 1999

©1999 Robert D Rutkiewicz