The Irish Catholic was forbidden the exercise of his religion.
Forbidden to receive an education.
Forbidden to enter a profession.
Forbidden to hold public office.
Forbidden to engage in trade or commerce.
Forbidden to live in a corporate town or within five miles thereof.
Forbidden to own a horse of greater value than five pounds.
Forbidden to purchase land.
Forbidden to lease land.
Forbidden to accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan.
Forbidden to vote.
Forbidden to keep any arms for his protection.
Forbidden to hold a life annuity.
Forbidden to buy land from a Protestant.
Forbidden to receive a gift of land from a Protestant.
Forbidden to inherit land from a Protestant.
Forbidden to inherit anything from a Protestant.
Forbidden to rent land that was worth more than thirty shillings a year.
Forbidden to reap from his land any profit exceeding a third of the rent.
Could not be a quardian to a child.
Could not, when dying, leave his infant children under Catholic guardianship.
Could not attend Catholic worship.
Was compelled by law to attend Protestant worship.

The Tithe applotment books were compiled between 1823 and 1837 in order to determine the amount which occupiers of agricultural holdings should pay in tithes to the Church of Ireland (the main Protestant church, and the church established by the state until 1871). There is a manuscript book for almost every parish, giving the names of occupiers, the amount of land held, and the sums to be paid in tithes. The 1832 Title Applotment book for Burrishoole Parish lists Patrick and Roger Loughney (various spellings). The Patrick in this book is believed to be my great-great-great grandfather, who was married to Ann D'Arcy, and father of Patrick who emigrated to Canada in 1846. The Roger Loughney listed is believed to be Patrick's older brother, who moved to the US in 1864.

According to the book from Salt Lake, the Burrishoole Tithes are for the civil Parish of Burrishoole. Civil parishes are largely synonymous with the Church of Ireland (Episcopalian) parishes, but often are different from those of the Roman Catholic ones. In this particular case, the civil, Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic parishes may well be identical. Burrishoole Parish is found in the Union of Westport, Barony of Burrishoole, County of Mayo, Province of Connaught. The Barony of Burrishoole contains another parish, Achill, which is to the west of Burrishoole Parish. There are two additional parishes, Kilmaclasser and Kilmena in the barony as well as parts of three other parishes, Adhagower, Billintober and Islandeady. Burrishoole Parish is located along the north shore of Clew Bay and stretches from a point four miles east of Newport to about ten miles west of Newport. The northern boundary of the parish extends into the Nephin Beg mountain range. The parishes of Kilmaclasser and Aghagower lie to the south of Burrishoole.

Under the Tithe Composition Acts of 1823, and preceding years, a tax was levied on each land tenant to be used for the support of clergymen associated with the Established Church (Church of Ireland). The tithe for Burrishoole Parish was paid to the Reverend William B. Stoney.

The commisioners classified the land into four classes and used the following table to determine the individual tenant's tax:

1st class 186 3/4 acres at 2 shillings per acre
2nd class 2069 acres at 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre
3rd class 2030 acres at 1 shilling per acre
4th class 2984 1/2 acres at 6 pence per acre

A Map of Burrishoole Parish, showing Newport and Shanvallyhugh
Locate the small rectangle with an "X" in the center (near the bottom of the map), this is Newport.
Following the rail tracks up toward the left, until you come to a "clump" of cities at the south end of Lough Furnace. Shanvallyhugh is the third city (northern most) on the route from Newport, right at the bottom of Lough Furnace, close to where the rail tracks skirt along the bottom of the lake.

According to the 1832 Tithe Applotment books for Burrishoole Parish, County Mayo, Ireland, for the Townland Shanvallyhugh (Shanballahugh), Pat Lognane paid 6 shillings (entry 0554), the highest tithe in the townland, and his son, Roger Loghney, paid 3 shillings (entry 0564).

With the famine sweeping through Ireland, his options severely limited due to his religious affiliation, and prospects for receiving a plot of land from his father large enough to adequately support a family, Patrick Loughney chose to do what many of his countrymen did...leave Ireland. If Patrick's parents were still living, it undoubtedly was the last time he would see them.

Unlike the US government, the Canadian government didn't keep track of emigrants ships to any large extent. Without those records, the next time we find Patrick is in 1852, when he purchased 100 acres in Medonte Township, Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada, where he was a yeoman farmer. (Note: Patrick possibly leased land in Russell Township, Simcoe County, Ontario, in 1846.)

At the Wisconsin State Archives in Madison, you can see the original Declarations of Intention to become a U.S. citizen. On 30 October 1888, Patrick's son Roger, and Roger's cousin, John Loughney (son of Patrick's brother Roger), went to the Circuit Court of Sauk County and started the process of becoming U.S. citizens. John's declaration (Volume 1, page 462), is shown below.

The signature in the middle of the document is likely John's own handwriting. Patrick's other two sons, William Patrick and George, went to the court house together later the same years and filed their declarations on 1 November 1888. Patrick and his brother, Roger, had filed their declarations many years earlier on 28 February 1866.

Using John's declaration as an example, Roger filled in the blanks on his declaration as follows: Roger Loughney, Ireland, eighteen, fifty, Detroit, April, sixty-four, Victoria Queen of Great Britain, 30, October, 88, signed Roger Loughney. Patrick's was: Patrick Loughney, Ireland, 14, Detroit, April, sixty-four, Victoria Queen of Great Britain, 28, Febry, 66, signed Patrick Loughney. Brother Roger's was: Roger Loughney, Ireland, 02, New York, March, sixty-four, Victoria Queen of Great Britain, 20 February, 66, signed Roger Loughney. William Patrick's said: Wm. Patrick Loughney, Canada, fifty-nine, Detroit, May, 64, Victoria Queen of Great Britain, 1st, November, 88, signed Wm. Patrick Loughney; and, George's: George Loughney, Canada, sixty-two, Detroit, May, 64, Victoria Queen of Great Britain, 1st, November, 88, signed George Loughney.

Patrick Loughney moved his family to the Ironton area in the spring of 1864. He purchased 120 acres from Sarah Short for $240 on 3 Nov 1864. The following is a transcription of the land record:

Warranty Deed, From Sarah Short to Patrick Laughney
This Indenture, made the third day of November, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty four, between Sarah Short of Ironton, Sauk County, State of Wisconsin, party of the first part & Patrick Langhney of county & State aforesaid, party of the second part.
Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of Two hundred & forty dollars to her in hand paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby confessed and acknowledged, has given, granted, bargained, sold, remised, released, aliend, conveyed and confirmed, and by these presents doth give, grant, bargain, sell, remise, release, alien, convey and confirm unto the said party of the second part himself, his heirs and assigns forever, the following described parcel or parcels of land situated in the town of Ironton & County of Sauk, State of Wisconsin, more particularly described as follows: The North East quarter of the South East quarter of the South half of the South East quarter of Section No. Sixteen (16) in township No. twelve (12) north of Range No. Three (3) East containing one hundred twenty acres according to Government survey.
Together with all and singular the Hereditaments and appurtances : hereunto belonging, or in any wise appertaining; and all the estate, right, title, interest, claim or demand whatsoever of the said party of the first part, either in Law or Equity, either in possession or expectancy, of, in and to above bargained premises, and their Hereditaments and Appurtenances. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said premises, as above described, with the Hereditaments and appurtances, unto the said party of the second part, and to himself, his heirs and assigns forever.
AND THE SAID Sarah Short for herself, her heirs executors, and administrators, doth convenant, grant, bargain, and agree to and with the said party of the second part himself, his heirs and assigns, that at the time of the ensealing and delivery of these presents she well seized of the premises above described, as of a good, sure, perfect, absolute and indefeasible estate of inheritance, in the Law, in fee simple, and that the same are free and clear from all incumbrances whatever, and that the above bargained premises, in the quite and peaceable possession of the said party of the second part himself, his heirs and assigns, against all and every person or persons, lawfully claiming the whole or any part thereof, she will forever WARRANT AND DEFEND.
In Witness, Whereof, the said party of the first part, has hereunto set her band and seal the day of the year first above written. Signed, Sarah Short

Patrick Loughney died in 1874, leaving Annie O'Malley Loughney with a fairly young family. The above map, from 1877, shows the location of the farm in Section 16 (in between the "O" and the "N" in Ironton), indicated as the Patrick Loughney Est., since his estate had just been probated a short time earlier. Roger Loughney's farm can be seen in the NW corner of Section 26.

(Also known as the "Flax Growers Bounty List of 1796" and the "Premium Entitlements of the Trustees of the Linen and Hempen Manufacturers of Ireland") lists those who received spinning wheels and/or looms from the Trustees of the Linen and Hempen Manufacturers of Ireland, in exchange for growing flax on their land. (Apparently they received a loom for planting 5 acres of flax and 4 spinning wheels for planting one acre. The average in the 50,000 or so grants was 2 wheels.) The Board of Trustees of the Linen and Hempen Manufactures of Ireland began a premium scheme in 1796 to encourage the growing of flax and hemp seed by granting the growers of these crops spinning wheels, reels or looms in proportion to the acres sown. Claims for these grants were given to County Inspectors. The Board then published the information.

The Griffith's Valuation, or Primary Valuation of Ireland, was executed under the direction of Sir Richard Griffith to determine the amount of tax each person should pay towards the support of the poor within their poor law union (a division of land). This involved determining the value of all privately held lands and buildings in rural as well as urban areas to figure the rate at which each unit of property could be rented year after year. The resulting survey was arranged by barony and civil parish with an index to the townlands appearing in each volume. The original volumes of the survey are held in the National Archives and National Library in Dublin and the Public Record Office in Belfast. Griffith's Valuation is an invaluable reference for family historians with ancestors in Ireland since no census material of the nineteenth century has survived. In effect, Griffith's Valuation can be used as a census substitute for the years before, during, and after the Great Famine (1845-1850). While it represents an impressive undertaking in terms of property survey, Griffith's Valuation is also an important record of valuable social and economic data. For those seeking information on their Irish ancestors, it provides more than just names and locations of residences. Griffith's Valuation is, effectively, the only detailed guide to where in Ireland people lived in the mid-nineteenth century and what property they possessed or on which property they lived. In addition to providing the name of the householder, Griffith's Valuation provides a map reference number to help you identify and perhaps locate property.
Note that listings for "House, land, and office" the "office" actually refers to an outhouse.

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