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In 1791, Vermont joined the original 13 as a state in the union.
On November 5, 1792, Caledonia County was incorporated from Orange County, including all that part of Vermont north of that county, and extending so far west as to include Montpelier and adjacent towns, however, the Caledonia County was not fully organized until November 8, 1796, when Danville was made the shire town. In 1811, the state of Vermont was divided into eleven counties and the counties of Orleans and Essex were incorporated from Caledonia County. In addition, in 1811, four towns from Caledonia County were incorporated into Washington County, to which Woodbury was also annexed, in 1836, and Cabot, in 1855. In 1856, the county seat was removed from Danville to St. Johnsbury where new county buildings were erected.
The county was called "Caledonia" -the ancient Roman name of Scotland, out of regard for the emigrants from that country who had purchased large tracts of land in the county, and had large and flourishing settlements in Barnet and Ryegate...
PRESENT
| Town | Date of Grant | Date of Charter | Date of 1st Settlement | Villages & Communities Within | Contact |
| Barnet | Sept. 16, 1763 | Mar. 4, 1770 | Barnet, Barnet Center, East Barnet, McIndoe Falls, Passumpsic, Walter Harvey, West Barnet | Robert H. Goss | |
| Burke | Feb. 23, 1782 | 1794 | Burke Hollow, East Burke, West Burke | Robert H. Goss | |
| * Cabot | 1780 | Cabot was once a part of Caledonia County. In 1855, it became part of Washington County, Vermont. See an 1835 Vermont Counties Map, then visit Cabot, Washington County, Vermont | Bonnie Stevens Dannenberg | ||
| Danville | Oct. 27, 1786 | Oct. 31, 1786 | 1783 or 1784 | Danville, Harvey's Hollow, North Danville, West Danville | Robert H. Goss |
| Groton | Nov. 7, 1780 | Oct. 20, 1789 | 1787 | Groton, West Groton | Jim Dresser |
| Hardwick | Nov. 7, 1780 | Aug. 19, 1781 | Mar. 13, 1792 | East Hardwick, Hardwick, Mackville | Robert H. Goss |
| Kirby | Oct. 20, 1786 | Oct. 27, 1790 | ca. 1792 | North Kirby, South Kirby | Robert H. Goss |
| Lyndon | Nov. 2, 1780 | Nov. 20, 1780 | April, 1788 | East Lyndon, Lyndon Center, Lyndonville, Red Village, Vail's Hill | MaryLynne Ellis |
| Newark | Nov. 6, 1780 | Aug. 15, 1781 | 1797 | Newark | Robert H. Goss |
| Peacham | Dec. 31, 1763 | 1775 | East Peacham, Peacham, South Peacham | Robert H. Goss | |
| Ryegate | Sept. 8, 1763 | 1773 | Boltonville, East Ryegate, Ryegate Corner, South Ryegate | Robert H. Goss | |
| Sheffield | Nov. 7, 1780 | Nov. 7, 1780 | 1794 | Sheffield | Robert H. Goss |
| St. Johnsbury | Oct. 27, 1786 | Nov. 1, 1786 | April, 1788 | East St. Johnsbury, Goss Hollow, St. Johnsbury, St. Johnsbury Center | Paul DesTroismaisons |
| Stannard | Feb. 1, 1792 | 1802 | Stannard [Stannard was formerly called Goshen Gore.] | Ann Mensch | |
| Sutton | Feb. 26, 1782 | 1790 | Sutton [Sutton was originally called Billymead name changed to Sutton in 1812] | Robert H. Goss | |
| Walden | Nov. 6, 1780 | Aug. 18, 1781 | 1784 | Dow's Crossing, North Walden, South Walden, Walden, Walden Station | Bonnie Dannenberg |
| Waterford | Nov. 7, 1780 | Nov. 8, 1780 | ca. 1783 | Lower Waterford, West Waterford [early NH name of Littleton] | Robert H. Goss |
| Wheelock | June 14, 1785 | June 14, 1785 | ca. 1780 | South Wheelock | Rosalie Wolfe |
Cemeteries include:
Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, in St. Johnsbury