Study Guide: The Presidency and Bureaucracy

 

Date Due

Assignments

Weds., Jan. 28

1. Read p. 333 – 350 (to “The Office of the President”) Skip the green box on pp. 340-341

2. Answer questions 1 – 10

Thurs., Jan. 29/Fri., Jan. 30

1. Read the green box on page 340-41 and make sure you understand how it works and the arguments for and against it.

2. Go to my weblinks page to the links to arguments for and against the Electoral College.

tinyurl.com/86yb6o 

Pick at least five articles for your assigned side of the debate.  Come up with at least seven arguments for your side.  Be prepared for the debate

3. Read p. 350 – 354 in the textbook.  Think about the generalizations that the book makes about the leadership styles of the different presidents.

4. Start learning the list of presidents and the handout on the Executive Office

Mon., Feb. 2

1. Read p. 354 – 362 (to “The President’s Program”)

2. Answer questions 11 - 13

3. Read your assigned article and make summary or outline of the main points as you prepare to explain the main points to your partner.  a) Richard Neustadt p. 199 OR b) Arthur Schlesinger p. 205 OR c) Kenneth Mayer p. 231

Tues., Feb. 3

1. Read p. 362 – 372

2. Read the handout on the “Imperial Presidency”

3. Answer questions 14 – 19

4. Keep studying for the quiz

Weds., Feb. 4

1. Quiz on presidents, elections, and cabinet offices

2. Read “The Paradoxes of the American Presidency” p. 212 in the Readings Book

3. List the paradoxes the authors discuss and an example for each

Thurs., Feb. 5

1. Read p. 375 – 389 (to “Constraints)

2. Answer questions 1- 6 on The bureaucracy

Mon., Feb. 9

1. Read p. 389 – 401

2. Answer questions 7 – 11

Tues., Feb. 10

1. Read Hugh Helco on p. 249 in the Readings Book

2. Make a list of all the ways that the bureaucracy can sabotage the political appointees and ways that the appointee can deal with such sabotage.

3. Read the handout, “Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It” by James Q. Wilson

4. Make a list of the reasons why the federal bureaucracy works the way it does according to Wilson

Weds., Feb. 11

Study for the test

Thurs., Feb. 12

Test

 

Reading Questions

 

Chapter 12: The Presidency

 

1. List the differences between a president and a prime minister.

2. What does it mean to have a divided or a unified government? Why do we still have gridlock, even with a unified government?

3. What are the arguments for why we have gridlock?

4. How does the difference between representative and direct democracy explain gridlock?

5. What concerns did the Founders have about the idea of having of president?  How did the creation of the Electoral College allay those fears?

6. You don’t need to know the details of presidencies before FDR, but the historical trends are important. The book talks about our modern concept of the presidency.  When did that really begin and what counter-evidence is there to that concept?

7. Learn the list of presidential powers on p. 344.  You should know all of them.  Pay attention to which powers the Presidents shares with the Senate or Congress as a whole or has sole power.

8.  What are the three structures for a president to organize his staff?  What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

9. Explain how much influence the president has over his cabinet officials and agency heads.

10. Why is there a tension between the White House staff and cabinet secretaries?

11. Explain the differences in the three audiences that the president speaks to.  Think about how Presidents Clinton and Bush have managed to address these three audiences.

12. Explain the reasons why the president’s popularity does and does not have an effect on getting congressional support for his programs.

13. Give details about the following terms: veto message, pocket veto, line-item veto, and executive privilege, and impoundment of funds

14. What are the four groups that the book talks about who have input on a president’s program? Be familiar with the strengths and weaknesses

15. What are the three constraints on the president’s ability to plan a program?

16. What is the role of political polls in decision-making?  What are the two models the book describes for using polls?

17. What is the present line of succession if the president should die in office?

18. Summarize the conclusion the text makes about the power of the president and the federal government.

19. After reading the handout on “Restraining the Imperial Presidency,” make a list of the ways that the Congress tried to limit the president’s powers in the past 30 years.  Make sure you understand all of these.

 

 

Chapter 13: The Bureaucracy

 

1. What makes American bureaucracy distinctive?

2. What controls does Congress have over the bureaucracy?

3. What concerns does the president have in choosing whom to appoint?  How have these concerns changed since the 19th century?

4. How and why has the role of bureaucratic agencies changed since the Civil War?

5. How does the manner in which officials are recruited and rewarded explain their behavior?

6. How do the personal attributes and political attitudes affect their behavior?

7. How can bureaucrats sabotage their political bosses?

8. What are the constraints on what an agency can do?  Why do we have such constraints and what effect do these constraints have on agency behavior?

9. Explain what iron triangles are and why they are less common today.

10.  How does Congress exercise supervision over the bureaucracy?  Explain all the different methods of oversight.

11.  What are the five bureaucratic pathologies that the book identifies?  Explain why each exists.  Why is it so difficult to reform the bureaucracy?

 

Terms to Know

 

1.

Divided government

23.

United States v. Nixon (1973)

45.

Laissez-faire economics

2.

Unified Government

24.

Congressional Budget and Impoundment Act (1974)

46.

16th Amendment

3.

Representative democracy

25.

Impoundment

47.

Discretionary authority

4.

Direct democracy

26.

War Powers Act (1973)

48.

Competitive service

5.

Electoral college

27.

Trustee approach and Delegate model

49.

Office of Personnel Management

6.

Faithless electors

28.

Independent Counsel law

50.

Excepted service

7.

Pyramid structure

29.

Lame duck

51.

Merit system

8.

Circular structure

30.

Presidential Succession Act of 1947

52.

Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

9.

Ad hoc structure

31.

12th Amendment

53.

Hatch Act (1933 and 1993)

10.

Cabinet

32.

22nd Amendment

54.

Whistle Blower Protection Act (1989)

11.

Executive Office of the President

33.

25th Amendment

55.

Issues network

12.

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

34.

Impeachment

56.

Authorization legislation

13.

National Security Council (NSC)

35.

Bully Pulpit

57.

Appropriations

14.

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)

36.

Inherent power

58.

Committee clearance

15.

Executive Agencies

37.

Executive orders

59.

Legislative veto

16.

Independent Agencies

38.

Approval ratings

60.

INS  v. Chadha 1983)

17.

Acting appointments

39.

Imperial presidency

61.

Red tape

18.

Presidential honeymoon

40.

Rule of propinquity

62.

National Performance Review

19.

Veto message and pocket veto

41.

bureaucracy

63.

Going native

20.

Line-item veto

42.

patronage

64.

Freedom of Information Act (1966)

21.

Clinton v. New York City  (1998)

43.

spoils system

65.

National Environmental Policy Act (1969)

22.

Executive privilege

44.

Pendleton Act (1883)